Citation
7 4 CONFIDENTIAL
mate Printed: 05/19/1998 DOC_NUMBER: 9AKIGALI01335
SINE P-S e p e eaea Qr om, 7
UNITED STATES DETANTIVINING Of Si bat
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anon 351202 2811122 /38
P 281105Z MAR 94
FM AMEMBASSY KIGALI
TO SECSTATE WASHDC PRIORITY 6055
INFO AMEMBASSY BRUSSELS PRIORITY
AMEMBASSY BUJUMBURA PRIORITY
AMEMBASSY DAR ES SALAAM PRIORITY
AMEMBASSY KAMPALA PRIORITY
AMEMBASSY KINSHASA PRIORITY
AMEMBASSY NAIROBI PRIORITY
AMEMBASSY PARIS PRIORITY
AMEMBASSY YAOUNDE PRIORITY
USCINCEUR VAIHINGEN GE//ECT4-SAAA// PRIORITY
USMISSION USUN NEW YORK PRIORITY
CONFIDENTIAL SECTION 01 OF 04 KIGALI 01335
YAOUNDE FOR DAO
E.O. 12356: DECL:OADR
TAGS: PGOV, PINR, RW
SUBJECT: - CDR ISSUE PROVES INTRACTABLE
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PAGE 02 _ KIGALI 01335 01 OF 04 2811122
REF: KIGALI 1323
1. CONFIDENTIAL - ENTIRE TEXT.
2. SUMMARY. EFFORTS THROUGHOUT THE WEEKEND HAVE
FAILED TO RESOLVE THE ISSUE OF CDR’S PARTICIPATION IN
THE TRANSITION ASSEMBLY. THE RPF POSITION -- "NoT
NOW, BUT MAYBE LATER" ~~ puts THEM AT ODDS WITH THE
DIPLOMATIC COMMUNITY WHICH CONTENDS THAT ALL
REGISTERED PARTIES ADHERING TO THE PEACE ACCORD
SHOULD PARTICIPATE IN THE TRANSITION INSTITUTIONS
FROM THE BEGINNING. A MECHANISM THAT ASSURES CDR
PARTICIPATION AND SATISFIES RPF DOUBTS ABOUT CDR
COMMITMENT IS NEEDED TO BREAK THIS NEW POLITICAL
IMPASSE. END SUMMARY.
REVIEW AUTHORITY: EDWARD W. HOLMES29@ = 1
DATE/CASE ID: 29 JUL 1998 199403871 UNCLASSIFIED
a
: ; CONFIDENTIAL
Bate Printed: 05/19/1998 DOC_NUMBER: 9AKIGALI01335
THE SEARCH GOES ON
3. FOLLOWING THE ABORTED SWEARING-IN CEREMONY 3/25,
ARUSHA OBSERVERS AND UNAMIR HAD A FOUR~HOUR MEETING
WITH CURRENT PRIME MINISTER, FOREIGN MINISTER,
PRESIDENT’S COUNSELOR, AND THE RPF TO EXAMINE HOW TO
RESOLVE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE PRESIDENT’S LIST AND
THAT OF THE PRIME MINISTER FOR NATIONAL ASSEMBLY
DEPUTIES, INCLUDING THE ISSUE OF WHETHER THE CDR
WOULD BE SWORN IN. UNAMIR COUNSELOR KANE PROPOSED
SEVERAL FORMULAS FOR MOVING THE PROCESS FORWARD. THE
RPF REJECTED THEM ALL ON GROUNDS THERE COULD BE NO
GUARANTEED SEAT FOR THE CDR IN THE TRANSITION
NATIONAL ASSEMBLY. IF CDR BEHAVIOR WARRANTED,
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PAGE 03 KIGALI 01335 01 OF 04 2811122
HOWEVER, THE RPF. SAID IT WOULD LOBBY OTHER PARTIES ON
THE CDR’S BEHALF ONCE THE INSTITUTIONS WERE IN
PLACE. THE RPF AGREED TO MEET THE CDR TO EXAMINE THE
ISSUES, BUT NO RPF-CDR MEETING HAS YET OCCURRED.
4. AS THE MEETING WAS BREAKING UP, AMBASSADOR
ENCOURAGED RPF’S MAZIMHAKA TO FIND MECHANISMS THAT
WOULD GIVE THE CDR CONFIDENCE THAT IT WOULD BE
INCLUDED IN THE TRANSITION ASSEMBLY WHILE AT THR SAME
TIME SATISFYING THE RPF’S CONCERNS ABOUT BEHAVIOR.
5. COMMENT. ACCORDING TO
MAZIMHAKA CHOSE TO PORTRAY ANBASSADOR’S
RECOMMENDATION AS A WEAKING OF US POSITION AND
ACCEPTANCE OF CDR ENTRY AT SOME LATER DATE. WE
REAFFIRMED[ —«|OUR POSITION THAT CDR, UNDER THE
TERMS OF THE ARUSHA ACCORD, HAS A RIGHT TO AN
ASSEMBLY SEAT NOW. WHAT IS NEEDED IS A CLEARLY
UNDERSTOOD MECHANISM THAT WOULD SUFFICIENTLY SATISFY
BOTH PARTIES SO AS TO PERMIT THE INSTITUTIONS TO BE
ESTABLISHED. END COMMENT.
RPF INSISTS NO CDR NOW...
6. AMBASSADOR TRIED TO REACH RPF’'S MAZTIMHAKA MORNING
3/26. IN RETURNING THE CALL, MAZIMHAKA CONNECTED
WITH DCM WHO MET WITH HIM AND FUTURE HEALTH MINISTER
COL. DR. JOSEPH KAREMERA AT CND FOR ONE AND A HALF
HOURS. DCM COVERED TALKING POINTS PROPOSED REF A,
EMPHASIZING ARUSHA PROVISION FOR ALL PARTIES TO BE
REPRESENTED IN TRANSITION ASSEMBLY NOW (ART. 61)
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SHE POSTULATED THAT, UNDER THE ARUSHA ACCORD, SIGNING
THE CODE OF ETHICS WAS THE DEMONSTRATION OF
COMMITMENT TO THE PEACE PROCESS REQUIRED AS A
PREREQUISITE TO PARTICIPATION (ART. 61) AND THAT
THERE WAS NO PREREQUISITE TO SIGNING THE CODE. SHE
REJECTED ACCUSATIONS THAT US POSITION ENHANCED CDR
STATUS AND SUPPORTED CDR VIOLENCE, SAYING IT was
INSTEAD SUPPORT FOR INCLUSION OVER EXCLUSION AND
SUPPORT FOR A STABLE PEACE. SHE NOTED THAT ONCE THR
CDR SIGNED THE CODE, CDR VIOLATIONS WOULD BE SUBJECT
TO SANCTIONS AS PROVIDED IN ARTICLES 81 AND 82.
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P 281105Z% MAR 94
FM AMEMBASSY KIGALI
TO SECSTATE WASHDC PRIORITY 6056
INFO AMEMBASSY BRUSSELS PRIORITY
AMEMBASSY BUJUMBURA PRIORITY
AMEMBASSY DAR ES SALAAM PRIORITY
AMEMBASSY KAMPALA PRIORITY
‘AMEMBASSY KINSHASA PRIORITY
AMEMBASSY NAIROBI PRIORITY
AMEMBASSY PARIS PRIORITY
AMEMBASSY YAOUNDE PRIORITY
USCINCEUR VAIHINGEN GE//ECJ4-SAAA// PRIORITY
USMISSION USUN NEW YORK PRIORITY
CONFIDENTIAL SECTION 02 OF 04 KIGALT 01335
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CHANNEL:
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B.O. 12356: DECL:OADR
TAGS: PGOV, PINR, RW
SUBJECT: CDR ISSUE PROVES INTRACTABLE
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7. THE RPF INSISTED THAT CDR ENTRY INTO THRE
TRANSITION ASSEMBLY NOW WOULD VIOLATE THR PRACRE
ACCORD AND AMOUNT TO THE RPF CONDONING VIOLENCE AND
SECTARIANISM. REFERRING TO ART. 61, MAZIMHAKA
CONTENDED THAT THE CDR MUST DEMONSTRATE COMMITMENT TO
THE PEACE PROCESS AND RENOUNCE VIOLENCE BEFORE
GAINING ACCESS TO THE CODE OF ETHICS AND, THUS, TO
THE TRANSITION INSTITUTIONS. ENTRY AFTER
ESTABLISHMENT OF THE INSTITUTIONS WOULD DEPEND, HE
SAID, ON CDR BEHAVIOR. DEMONSTRATION BY DEEDS NOT
JUST WORDS, HE CLAIMED, IS A PREREQUISITE FOR SIGNING
THE CODE OF ETHICS. HE ALSO HINTED THAT OTHER
PARTIES, NOT ONLY THE RPF, QUERIED CDR PARTICIPATION.
8. MAZIMHAKA ARGUED THAT CDR BEHAVIOR SINCE THE
JANUARY 1993 SIGNING OF THE POWER-SHARING PROTOCOL
DISQUALIFIED IT FROM AUTOMATIC ENTRY INTO THE
TRANSITION INSTITUTIONS. THE CDR, HE MAINTAINED, HAD
IN THE INTERIM DENOUNCED THE PRACE ACCORD, REFUSED TO
SIGN THE CODE OF ETHICS, USED VIOLENCE, AND ESPOUSED
SECTARIANISM. INDEED, HE CONTINUED, AFTER EXPRESSING
WILLINGNESS TO SIGN THE CODE DECEMBER 29, 1993, CDR
HAD CONTINUED TO USE VIOLENCE. HE CITED THE
DEMONSTRATION AT THE FOREIGN MINISTRY AND SACKING OF
THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT OFFICES 2/21 AND CLAIMED THE
CDR HAD, ON 3/25, HELD HOSTAGE STUDENTS AT A KIGALI
TECHNICAL SCHOOL RUN BY AN RPF MEMBER. (NOTE. CDR
DENIES THIS ALLEGATION. UNAMIR INVESTIGATED AND
FOUND NO HOSTAGES OR ANY LINK TO THE CDR. END NOTE. )
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9. RPF INTERLOCUTORS AGREED THAT HAVING THE CDR
BOUND BY THE TERMS OF THE CODE OF ETHICS AND SUBJECT
TO SANCTIONS FOR FAILING TO ADHERE TO THEM WOULD BE
GOOD. MAZIMHAKA CONTENDED THAT IT WOULD BE POSSIBLE
ON A TECHNICAL LEVEL TO FIND WAYS OF USING THE PEACE
ACCORD TO ADMIT THE CDR, BUT ONLY ONCE TRANSITION
INSTITUTIONS ARE IN PLACE. ON THE POLITICAL LEVEL,
HOWEVER, HE SAID THE RPF WOULD NOT/NOT BE INTIMIDATED
BY THE CDR AND MUST BE CONVINCED IT HAS RENOUNCED
VIOLENCE AND IS COMMITTED TO ADHERING TO THE ACCORD.
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THE RPF, HE SAID, WILL NOT/NOT REWARD VIOLENCE.
10. IN CONCLUSION, MAZIMHAKA CLAIMED THE DIPLOMATIC
COMMUNITY WAS "LOOKING THE WRONG WAY" BY FOCUSING ON
THE CDR PROBLEM. HE ALLEGED THE REAI, REASON WHY
PRESIDENT HABYARIMANA IS DELAYING INSTALLATION OF
TRANSITION INSTITUTIONS IS BECAUSE TRAINING AND
NATIONWIDE DEPLOYMENT OF INTERAHAMWE (MRND YOUTH
WING) IS INCOMPLETE, TRAINING AND DEPLOYMENT OF THE
PALIPEHUTU IN BURUNDI IS INCOMPLETE, AND ARMS
IMPORTATION IS PROVING PROBLEMATIC. MAZIMHAKA
PREDICTED THAT THE PRESIDENT WILL CONTINUE TO USE
DIVERSIONARY TACTICS -- IDENTIFYING PROBLEM AFTER
PROBLEM -- TO DELAY INSTALLING THE INSTITUTIONS UNTIL
HE GETS HIS WAY.
...BUT MAYBE LATER
ii. A LETTER FROM RPF PRESIDENT KANYARENGWE, DATED
3/24 BUT DELIVERED 3/26 TO PRIME MINISTER
UWILINGIYIMANA, AFFIRMS THE RPF‘S "NOT NOW, BUT MAYBE
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PAGE 04 KIGALI 01335 02 OF 04 2811142
LATER® POLICY ON CDR PARTICIPATION IN THE TRANSITION
INSTITUTIONS. WHILE WELCOMING THE CDR’'S STATED
COMMITMENT TO RESPECT THE PEACE ACCORD, KANYARENGWE
ARGUES THAT THE CDR CONTINUES TO PRACTICE VIOLENCE,
DISQUALIFYING IT, BY THE TERMS OF ART. 61, FROM
ENTERING THE TRANSITION INSTITUTIONS NOW, ALTHOUGH IT
MIGHT QUALIFY AT A FUTURE POINT IN TIME. IN
CONCLUDING, HE ASSERTS THAT CDR PARTICIPATION CAN
NOT/NOT BE USED AS A CONDITION FOR PUTTING THE
TRANSITION INSTITUTIONS IN PLACE. (LETTER FAXED TO
AF/C.)
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ACTION AF-01
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HA-09 H-01 TEDE-00 INR-00 10-16 L-01 ADS-00
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------------------ 351251 281116z /38
P 2811052 MAR 94
FM AMEMBASSY KIGALI
TO SECSTATE WASHDC PRIORITY 6057
INFO AMEMBASSY BRUSSELS PRIORITY
AMEMBASSY BUJUMBURA PRIORITY
AMEMBASSY DAR ES SALAAM PRIORITY
AMEMBASSY KAMPALA PRIORITY
AMEMBASSY KINSHASA PRIORITY
AMEMBASSY NAIROBI PRIORITY
AMEMBASSY PARIS PRIORITY
AMEMBASSY YAOUNDE PRIORITY
USCINCEUR VAIHINGEN GE//ECJ4-SAAA// PRIORITY
USMISSION USUN NEW YORK PRIORITY
CONFIDENTIAL SECTION 03 OF 04 KIGALI 01335
YAOUNDE FOR DAO
E.O. 12356: DECL:OADR
TAGS: PGOV, PINR, RW
SUBJECT: CDR ISSUE PROVES INTRACTABLE
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PAGE 02 KIGALI 01335 03 OF 04 2811162
RPF BACKSLIDING?
12. THE RPF TOOK A PUBLIC STANCE EVENING 3/26 THAT
SEEMED TO EXCLUDE CDR FROM EVER PARTICIPATLNG IN
TRANSITION INSTITUTIONS. RPF DEPUTY-DESIGNATE TITO
RUTAREMARA TOLD A RWANDA RADIO JOURNALIST THAT THE
CDR HAD DISQUALIFIED ITSELF FROM PARTICIPATING IN THE
TRANSITION INSTITUTIONS BY REPEATED DENUNCIATIONS OF
THE PEACE ACCORD, SECTARIANISM, AND USE OF VIOLENCE.
HE CHARGED THAT THE CDR WAS AT THE ROOT OF ALL
VIOLENCE IN THE COUNTRY. RUTAREMARA SIDESTEPPED A
QUESTION ABOUT THE CDR ROLE IN DISPLACING RWANDANS
FROM RUHENGERI AND BYUMBA, A REFERENCE TO THE
CONSEQUENCES OF THE RPF’S ATTACK ON RUHENGERI
FEBRUARY 8, 1993.
PM-DESIGNATE CONTINUES EFFORTS
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13. PRIME MINISTR-DESIGNATE FAUSTIN TWAGIRAMUNGU
CALLED AMBASSADOR EARLY 3/27. HE CHARACTERIZED
RUTAREMARA’'S STATEMENT AS "VERY HARD" AND SATD Iv
MARKED A STEP BACKWARDS IN THE PROCESS OF RESOLVING
THE CDR ISSUE. HE SAID THAT HE AND MOST OF THE
RWANDAN PARTIES BELIEVE THE CDR SHOULD BE ADMITTED
INTO THE TRANSITION INSTITUTIONS. HE TOLD AMBASSADOR
HE WOULD BE MEETING THAT MORNING WITH OTHER POLITICAL
PARTIES AND THE RPF TO SEE WHETHER THEY COULD FIND A
SOLUTION THAT WOULD ALLOW THE INSTITUTIONS TO BE
INSTALLED 3/28, AS RESCHEDULED FOLLOWING THR FATLURE
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PAGE 03 KIGALI 01335 03 OF 04 2811167
ON 3/25. (PRIME MINISTER’S LETTER ANNOUNCING
SWEARING-IN FAXED TO AF/C.)
CDR CHECKS IN
14. CDR DEPUTY-DESIGNATE JEAN-BOSCO BARAYAGWIZA
CALLED AMBASSADOR MORNING 3/27 JUST PRIOR TO A CDR
MEETING ON THE ISSUE. ‘THE AMBASSADOR SUGGESTED
RUTAREMARA’S STATEMENT MIGHT HAVE BREN A PLOY TO
INDUCE A VIOLENT RESPONSE FROM THE CDR AND THUS PROVE
THE RPF’S POINT, I.E., THAT THE CDR HAD NOT YET
RENOUNCED VIOLENCE. HE URGED THE CDR TO REITERATE
ITS COMMITMENT TO NON-VIOLENCE AND PROMISED TO KEEP
ON WORKING TO BREAK THE NEW IMPASSE.
15. BARAYAGWIZA SAID THE CDR WOULD SEND A LETTER TO
PRIME MINISTER AND DIPLOMATS REITERATING SUPPORT FOR
THE ARUSHA ACCORD AND CDR DEMAND TO BE SEATED IN THE
NATIONAL ASSEMBLY NOW. THE AMBASSADOR SUGGESTED THE
LETTER ALSO INCLUDE AN EXPLICIT STATEMENT RENOUNCING
VIOLENCE. (NOTE. FOLLOWING AN RPF-CDR MEETING LAST
THURSDAY, 3/24, THE CDR KEPT ITS WORD AND ISSUED A
STATEMENT CALLING ON ITS FOLLOWERS TO EXERCISE CALM
ON 3/25, THE DAY PLANNED FOR THE INSTALLATION
CEREMONY. THREATENED CDR DEMONSTRATIONS DID NOT/NOT
TAKE PLACE. END NOTE.)
16. CDR PASSED BY RESIDENCE AFTERNOON OF 3/27 WITH
COPIES OF LETTERS OUTLINING ITS POSITION, ONE TO THE
PRESIDENT AND THE OTHER TO THE PRIME MINISTER, RPF
AND DIPLOMATS. THE LETTER EXPRESSES APPRECIATION TO
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ALL FOR SUPPORTING IMMEDIATE, UNCONDITIONAL INCLUSION
OF THE CDR, CLAIMS THE RPF CANNOT SUPPORT ITS
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ALLEGATIONS AGAINST THE CDR, ACCUSES THE RPF OF
CIVILIAN MASSACRES IN THE WAR ZONE, AND NOTES THR
FAILURE OF THE RPF TO DISCUSS THE ISSUR WITH THE CDR
AS RECOMMENDED BY THE 3/35 MEETING OF POLITICIANS AND
DIPLOMATS. IN CONCLUDING, THE CDR REAFFIRMS ITS
COMMITMENT TO RESPECT THE ARUSHA ACCORD WHICH, IN ITS
VIEW "CONSECRATES THE RULE OF LAW, TOLERANCE, AND
NATIONAL RECONCILIATION." (NOTE: THE LETTER, FAXED
TO AF/C, DOES NOT EXPLICITLY RENOUNCE VIOLENCE. END
NOTE. )
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ACTION AF-01
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P 281105Z MAR 94
FM AMEMBASSY KIGALI
TO SECSTATE WASHDC PRIORITY 6058
INFO AMEMBASSY BRUSSELS PRIORITY
AMEMBASSY BUJUMBURA PRIORITY
AMEMBASSY DAR ES SALAAM PRIORITY
AMEMBASSY KAMPALA PRIORITY
AMEMBASSY KINSHASA PRIORITY
AMEMBASSY NAIROBI PRIORITY
AMEMBASSY PARIS PRIORITY
AMEMBASSY YAOUNDE PRIORITY
USCINCEUR VAIHINGEN GE//ECJ4-SAAA// PRIORITY
USMISSION USUN NEW YORK PRIORITY
CONFIDENTIAL SECTION 04 OF 04 KIGALT 01335
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Pate Printed: 05/19/1998 DOC_NUMBER: 94KIGALI01335
SUBJECT: CDR ISSUE PROVES INTRACTABLE
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PAGE 02 KIGALI 01335 04 OF 04 2811172
DIPLOMATIC CORPS CONVENES
17. UNAMIR COUNSELOR, TANZANIAN FACILITATOR AND
WESTERN AMBASSADORS MET AT US RESIDENCE FOR THREE
HOURS AFTERNOON OF 3/27 TO REVIEW SITUATION AND
DEVELOP A COMMON POSITION. DURING THE MEETING, CDR
DROPPED BY WITH ITS LETTERS (PARA 16 ABOVE) AND
PARTICIPATED IN PART OF THE DISCUSSION. THE
DIPLOMATS DECIDED TO DRAFT A JOINT DECLARATION
SUPPORTING PARTICIPATION OF ALL RECOGNIZED POLITICAL
PARTIES WHO ADHERE TO THE ACCORD IN THE TRANSITION
INSTITUTIONS FROM THE BEGINNING, AS PROVIDED FOR IN
THE PROTOCOL ON POWER-SHARING. THE STATEMENT WOULD
ALSO CALL FOR RAPID FORMATION OF THE NATIONAL
COMMISSION ON UNITY AND RECONCILIATION TO PROVIDE ITS
PRELIMINARY CONCLUSIONS ON POLITICAL BEHAVIOR OF
PARTIES IN RELATION TO THE COMMITMENTS PARTIES MADE
BY SIGNING THE CODE OF ETHICS. THE DIPLOMATS
REVIEWED AND ADOPTED THE DRAFT MORNING OF 3/28. THE
STATEMENT (BEING FAXED TO AF/C) IS TO BR SHARED WITH
RPF, PRESIDENCEY AND PRIME MINISTERS, THEN BROADCAST
ON RADIO RWANDA IN KINYARWANDA AT 4 PM AND IN FRENCH
AT 8 PM.
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COMMENT
18. THE PRIME MINISTER ANNOUNCED A SWEARING-IN
CEREMONY FOR MORNING 3/28. ONLY PARTIES LOYAL TO HER
ATTENDED. WITH THE CDR DEPUTY NOT/NOT SLATED TO BE
SWORN IN, THE PRESIDENT AND THE MRND DID NOT SHOW
UP. ALSO, MOST OF THE CONCERNED RPF MEMBERS WERE
STILL IN MULINDI AND NEVER REQUESTED A UNAMIR ESCORT
TO THE CEREMONIES. RPF HAS ISSUED A LONG COMMUNIQUE
EXPLAINING ITS ABSENCE FROM THE 3/25 AND 3/28
CEREMONIES AND ITS OPPOSITION TO CDR PARTICIPATION
NOW. IT REMAINS TO BE SEEN WHETHER A UNIFIED
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DIPLOMATIC INITIATIVE CAN BRING SIDES TOGETHER.
RAWSON
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