Fiche du document numéro 29513

Num
29513
Date
Thursday February 10, 1994
Amj
Taille
386179
Titre
GOR, RPF, UNHCR, ICRC Plan for Rwandan Returnees from Uganda
Fonds d'archives
CHP
Type
Document diplomatique, TD
Langue
EN
Citation
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Page:

Current Class: LIMITED OFFICIAL USE
Current Handling: n/a
Document Number: 1994KIGALI00606
Case Number: 200003723

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RELEASED IN FULL

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0 100952Z FEB 94 •
FM AMEMBASSY KIGALI
TO AMEMBASSY KAMPALA IMMEDIATE
SECSTATE WASHDC PRIORITY 5695
INFO AMEMBASSY ADDIS ABABA
AMEMBASSY BRUSSELS
AMEMBASSY BUJUMBURA
AMEMBASSY DAR ES SALAAM
AMEMBASSY KAMPALA
AMEMBASSY KINSHASA
AMEMBASSY NAIROBI
AMEMBASSY ROME
AMEMBASSY YAOUNDE
USMISSION GENEVA
USMISSION USUN NEW YORK
USCINCEUR VAIHINGEN GE
LIMITED OFFICIAL USE SECTION 01 OF 05 KIGALI 00606
KAMPALA FOR AMBASSADOR AND MS. LEADER
STATE FOR RP
GENEVA FOR RMA
LIMITED OFFICIAL USE
LIMITED OFFICIAL USE
KIGALI 00606 01 OF 05 101009Z
PAGE 02
ROME FOR FODAG
NAIROBI FOR REFCORD THOMAS-GREENFIELD
ADDIS FOR FARNSWORTH
E.O. 12356: N/A
TAGS: PREF, RW, BY
SUBJECT: GOR, RPF, UNHCR, ICRC PLAN FOR RWANDAN
RETURNEES FROM UGANDA
REF: KIGALI 0454
Current Class: LIMITED OFFICIAL USE
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF STATE
REVIEW AUTHORITY: JOHN L. MILLS
DATE/CASE ID: 20 NOV 2002 200003723

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Case Number: 200003723
1. SUMMARY. RWANDAN PATRIOTIC FRONT CLAIMS THAT
NEARLY 7,000 REFUGEES WITH ALMOST 10,000 HEAD OF
CATTLE RETURNED FROM UGANDA TO RPF-HELD TERRITORY
DURING JANUARY. UNHCR IS MAKING AN EFFORT TO ASSESS
THEIR FOOD AND NON-FOOD NEEDI
OR A LIMITED
ASSISTANCE PROGRAM, IN RESPONSE TO GOVERNMENT AND RPF
REQUESTS. RELIEF PLANNING IS COMPLICATED BY LACK OF
STRUCTURES TO MAKE DECISIONS ON REFUGEE ISSUES
PENDING FORMATION OF TRANSITION GOVERNMENT. THE
ISSUE IS CLOSELY LINKED WITH THAT OF WAR-DISPLACED
FROM THE RPF ZONE WHO STILL LIVE IN CAMPS AND DEPEND
ON INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE. END SUMMARY.
2. IN PAST WEEK, AMBASSADOR AND DCM DISCUSSED ISSUE
OF "SPONTANEOUS REFUGEE RETURN" FROM UGANDA WITH
UNHCR, RPF, ICRC, BRIEFLY WITH GOVERNMENT, AND WITH
CATHOLIC RELIEF SERVICES, AMERICAN NGO UNDER
CONSIDERATION AS UNCHR IMPLEMENTING PARTNER FOR
ASSISTING THE GROUP. .UNHCR IS UNDER PRESSURE TO
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RESPOND TO REQUESTS FOR ASSISTANCE FROM BOTH THE
PRIME MINISTER AND THE RPF. AT THE SAME TIME, UNHCR'
IS WARY OF BEING DRAWN INTO AN OPEN-ENDED OPERATION
WHERE EVENTUAL MAGNITUDE AND DURATION ARE UNKNOQN.E
NUMBERS INCREASING
3. THE RPF HAS REGISTERED AND COLLECTED DATA ON THE
REFUGEES SPONTANEOUSLY RETURNING FROM UGANDA SINCE
DECEMBER 28, 1993, TO THE TABAGWE SECTOR OF THE
FRONTIER COMMUNE OF MUVUMBA, IN RPF-HELD TERRITORY.
RPF REPORTS THAT, BY JANUARY 21, THERE WERE 1,921
FAMILIES NUMBERING 6,700 PEOPLE, WITH 9,100 HEAD OF
CATTLE. MOST BECAME REFUGEES IN THE 1960'S AND HAVE
NO KNOWLEDGE OF WHERE THEIR FAMILIES ORIGINATED FROM
IN RWANDA. OTHERS, WHO FLED FOLLOWING THE OUTBREAK
OF WAR IN 1990, COME FROM THE RPF-HELD ZONE. ALL
HAVE LEFT THE NYAKIVALE REGION WHERE THEY WERE EITHER
LOCALLY SETTLED (THE 1960'S REFUGEES) OR IN CAMPS
(THE 1990'S REFUGEES). THE GROUP IS PRIMARILY MEN
AND BOYS.
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4. UNHCR VISITED THE RETURNEES FEBRUARY 3 IN A JOINT
MISSION WITH THE REPRESENTATIVES OF THE GOVERNMENT,
THE RPF, ICRC, AND THE CATHOLIC RELIEF SERVICES
(CRS). UNHCR PROTECTION OFFICER TOLD DCM THAT IT HAS
BEEN DIFFICULT TO VERIFY THE RPF'S CLAIMS. THE
HERDERS, ALL BUT 579 FAMILIES, ARE DISPERSED ACROSS
THE HILLSIDES, HAVING BUILT SMALL SCATTERED HUTS AND
FOLLOWING THEIR CATTLE BY DAY, SOMETIMES MOVING THEIR
HUTS AS WELL. ACCORDING TO CRS REPRESENTATIVE ON
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THAT TRIP, THE TEAM SAW ONLY A COUPLE HUNDRED OF THE
7,000 PERSONS SUPPOSED TO BE IN THE AREA. THE
HERDERS ARE PRIMARILY FROM THE 1960'S GROUP. OTHERS,
FROM THE 1990'S G
. OAP WHO COME FROM MUVUMBA COMMUNE,
HAVE RETURNED TO LAND THEY CLAIM IS THEIR OWN.
MUVUMBA COMMUNE IS ALSO THE HOMELAND OF WAR DISPLACED
WHO FLED TO REFUGEE CAMPS IN THE SOUTH (SEE PARA 10).
5. UNHCR'S PROTECTION OFFICER TALKED WITH THE
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TO AMEMBASSY KAMPALA IMMEDIATE
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INFO AMEMBASSY ADDIS ABABA
AMEMBASSY BRUSSELS
AMEMBASSY BUJUMBURA
AMEMBASSY DAR ES SALAAM
AMEMBASSY KAMPALA
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Case Number: 200003723
AMEMBASSY
AMEMBASSY
AMEMBASSY
AMEMBASSY
USMISSION
USMISSION
USCINCEUR

KINSHASA
NAIROBI
ROME
YAOUNDE
GENEVA
USUN NEW YORK
VAIHINGEN GE

LIMITED OFFICIAL USE SECTION 02 OF 05 KIGALI 00606
KAMPALA FOR AMBASSADOR AND MS. LEADER
STATE FOR RP
GENEVA FOR RMA
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PAGE 02
ROME FOR FODAG
NAIROBI FOR REFCORD THOMAS-GREENFIELD
ADDIS FOR FARNSWORTH
E.O. 12356: N/A
TAGS: PREF, RW, BY
SUBJECT: GOR, RPF, UNHCR, ICRC PLAN FOR RWANDAN
RETURNEES DURING THE VISIT. SHE SAID THEY CLAIM THE
LOCAL POPULATION IN UGANDA PUSHED THE REFUGEES TO.
RETURN, SAYING THE ARUSHA ACCORD IS THERE, YOU CAN
RETURN, AND WE WANT YOUR LAND. ASKED IF SHE BELIEVED
THE MOVE WAS,TRULY SPONTANEOUS, SHE RECALLED UNHCR
THE VISIT IN LATE JANUARY OF UNHCR'S SPECIAL ENVOY TO
THE REGION TO THE REFUGEE SITES IN UGANDA. HE
REPORTED FINDING WIDESPREAD ENTHUSIASM FOR RETURN.
SO , SHE SAID, SHE IS CONVINCED THE RPF DID NOT PUSH
THE REFUGEES TO RETURN. ON THE OTHER HAND, SHE NOTED
THE RPF WOULD HAVE HAD TO ALLOW THE RETURNEES ACROSS
THE BORDER. (COMMENT: A UN FORCES SOURCE SAID THEY
HAVE LOCATED BETWEEN TWO MINE FIELDS, SUGGESTING THEY
MAY HAVE HAD SOME ASSISTANCE IN FINDING THEIR WAY, AS
WBLL. END COMMENT.)
ASSISTANCE PLANS
6. NON-FOOD ASSISTANCE. UNHCR HAS AGREED TO PROVIDE
NON-FOOD ASSISTANCE CONSISTING OF RELIEF SUPPLIES
COMMON TO TEMPORARY POPULATION MOVEMENTS: BLANKETS,
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PLASTIC SHEETING, GERRY-CANS, ETC. THE PROTECTION
OFFICER BELIEVES SOME SUCH SUPPLIES MAY BE ABLE TO BE
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BORROWED FROM STOCKS FOR THE BURUNDI REFUGEES IN THE
SOUTH.
7. FOOD ASSISTANCE. THE JOINT MISSION OF FEBRUARY 3
LOOKED INTO FOOD NEEDS OF THE RETURNEES. THERE IS
DISAGREEMENT OVER WHAT THE FOOD NEEDS MIGHT BE. CRS
REPRESENTATIVE NOTED TO AMBASSADOR AND DCM THAT MOST
OF THE CATTLE HERDERS ARE HIMA WHO LIVE ON MILK,
MEAT, AND CATTLE BLOOD. THEREFORE, HE REASONED, AS
LONG AS THEY HAVE THEIR CATTLE, THEY HAVE NO NEED OF
INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE. UNHCR, ON THE OTHER HAND,
SAID ITS OFFICE IN KAMPALA AFFIRMED THAT THE PEOPLE
IN QUESTION, THOUGH THEY MIGHT ONCE HAVE LIVED SOLELY
OFF THEIR CATTLE, NOW ARE HABITUATED TO CEREALS,
BANANAS, AND MORE TRADITIONAL FOODS. IN A TENSE
MEETING WITH UNHCR FEBRUARY 2, RPF INSISTED ON
IMMEDIATE ASSISTANCE BASED ON THE DATA IT HAD TABLED. •
UNHCR AND PVO'S SAID THEY COULD NOT PROCEED UNTIL
THEY HAD A THOROUGH POPULATION AND NEEDS ASSESSMENT.
UNHCR PLANS ANOTHER MISSION TO THE SITE FEBRUARY 11.•
8. TECHNICAL PROBLEMS. UNHCR SAID THAT ANY FOOD
ASSISTANCE OPERATION WOULD BE DIFFICULT. THE SITE IS
THREE AND ONE-HALF HOURS FROM KIGALI OVER
UNMAINTAINED ROADS AND A LOG BRIDGE (THE OTHER WAS
BLOWN UP IN THE WAR) THAT CAN TAKE ONLY A 6-TON TRUCK
AT MOST. THE WFP OPERATION HAS ONLY 15-TON TRUCKS,
SUGGESTING THEY WOULD HAVE TO DELIVER TO WAREHOUSES
SOUTH OF THE BRIDGE FOR TRANSFER TO SMALLER
VEHICLES. THE CURRENT GROUP WOULD NEED AN ESTIMATED
' 120 TONS OF FOOD PER MONTH, IF ALL REQUIRED
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TRADITIONAL REFUGEE RATIONS.
9. PHILOSOPHICAL PROBLEMS. UNHCR HAS SAID IT WILL
ONLY LAUNCH AM OPERATION IF THE PEOPLE ARE GROUPED
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TOGETHER, BUT THAT APPEARS UNLIKELY. THEY HAVE ALSO
SAID THEY WILL NOT ASSIST PEOPLE SETTLED ON OTHER
PBOPLE'S LA
DS. UNHCR HESITATES TO CREATE A PULL
FACTOR. ASSISTANCE TO THIS GROUP, THE PROTECTION
OFFICER SAID, COULD DRAW AN UNKNOWN NUMBER OF
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O 100952Z FEB 94
FM AMEMBASSY KIGALI
TO AMEMBASSY KAMPALA IMMEDIATE
SECSTATE WASHDC PRIORITY 5697
INFO AMEMBASSY ADDIS ABABA
AMEMBASSY BRUSSELS
AMEMBASSY BUJUMBURA
AMEMBASSY DAR ES SALAAM
AMEMBASSY KAMPALA
AMEMBASSY KINSHASA
AMEMBASSY NAIROBI
AMEMBASSY ROME
AMEMBASSY YAOUNDE
USMISSION GENEVA
USMISSION USUN NEW YORK
USCINCEUR VAIHINGEN GE
LIMITED OFFICIAL USE SECTION 03 OF 05 KIGALI 00606
KAMPALA FOR AMBASSADOR AND MS. LEADER
STATE FOR RP
GBNEVA FOR RMA
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Case Number: 200003723
ROME FOR FODAG
NAIROBI FOR REFCORD THOMAS-GREENFIELD
ADDIS FOR FARNSWORTH
E.O. 12356: N/A
TAGS: PREF, RW, BY
SUBJECT: GOR, RPF, UNHCR, ICRC PLAN FOR RWANDAN
REFUGEES IN UGANDA TO RETURN NOW. IT COULD ALSO
CAUSE DISPLACED PERSONS STILL LIVING IN CAMPS AND
DEPENDENT ON INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE TO RUSH BACK,
FEARING THAT THE RETURNEES WILL TAKE THEIR LAND.
UNHCR, IF IT LAUNCHES AN OPERATION, WANTS IT TO BE
MINIMAL AND LOW PROFILE. THE PROTECTION OFFICER ALSO
BELIEVES ANY OPERATION SHOULD BE LIMITED IN SIZE AND
DURATION, GIVEN THE CURRENT UNKNOWNS.
A ROLE FOR CRS?
10. WHILE CRS HAS DOUBTS ABOUT THE FOOD NEEDS OF THE
RETURNEE POPULATION, IT EXPRESSED TO UNHCR CONCERN
FOR ITS CREDIBILITY WITH THE BENEFICIARIES OF ITS
CURRENT ASSISTANCE TO DISPLACED PERSONS. APPARENTLY
THE POPULATION IT NOW AIDS, 80,000, HAIL PRIMARILY
FROM MUVUMBA COMMUNE. CRS WOULD FIND IT PROBLEMATIC,
UNHCR SAID, TO AID THE DISPLACED AND RETURNEES
SETTLING ON THEIR LAND.
A ROLE FOR ICRC?
11.

ICRC HAS BEEN INVOLVED IN DISCUSSIONS ABOUT THIS
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GROUP AND IS UNDER PRESSURE FROM THE RPF TO PROVIDE
FOOD ASSISTANCE TO THE ENTIRE GROUP. ICRC HAS MADE
IT CLEAR THAT IT IS PREPARED TO TREAT AS
WAR-DISPLACED, AND ASSIST, THOSE WHO FLED TO UGANDA
IN THE 1990'S. IT WILL NOT BECOME INVOLVED WITH THE
REFUGEES FROM EARLIER TIMES, AND IT IS NOT/NOT
PREPARED TO BEGIN HELPING THE WAR-DISPLACED REFUGEES
NOW. THAT MUST WAIT UNTIL THE CONDITIONS FOR THE
RETURN OF ALL WAR DISPLACED HAVE BEEN MET.
MEAMWHILE, UNHCR HAS AGREED TO ASSIST THE ENTIRE
GROUP UNTIL ICRC IS PREPARED TO HELP. (NOTE. THE
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ARUSHA SCHEDULE PERMITS RETURN TO THE RPF ZONE ONCE
THE FORCES OF BOTH THE RPF AND THE GOR HAVE LAID DOWN
(#) ASSEMBLY POINTS. END NOTE.)
AMD WHAT ABOUT THE CATTLE?
12. WITH THE RISK OF CATTLE IMPORTING DISEASE TO
RWANDA, THE MINISTRY RESPONSIBLE FOR REFUGEES HAS
PROVIDED THE RWANDAN FRANC EQUIVALENT OF ABOUT USD
7,500 FOR VACCINES FOR THE CATTLE. HOWEVER, NOTHING
IS UNDERWAY AS YET. UNHCR SAID THAT IT PLANS TO WORK
WITH THE RPF, WHICH HAS VETERINARIANS IT CAN MAKE
AVAILABLE FOR THE OPERATION, BUT THERE ARE
INSUFFICIENT VACCINES AVAILABLE.
ROLE FOR UN FORCES?
13. AT A MEETING CALLED BY THE PRIME MINISTER
JANUARY 31, THE GOR, RPF, AND CONCERNED INTERNATIONAL
ORGANIZATIONS DISCUSSED HOW TO RESPOND TO THE
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SPONTANEOUS RETURNEES. THE MEETING AGREED THAT THE
UN FORCES AND THE RPF, IN COLLABORATION WITH UNHCR
AND THE OAU, WOULD IDENTIFY TEMPORARY SITES FOR THE
SPONTANEOUS RETURNEES WHERE THEY COULD BE ASSISTED.
IT WAS THE SENSE OF THE MEETING, ACCORDING TO A
SUMMARY PROVIDED THE DCM, THAT THE UN FORCES OUGHT TO
BE CONCERNED WITH THE SECURITY OF THE RETURNEES AND
WITH ASSURING CONDITIONS THAT WOULD PERMIT ASSISTANCE
NOTE: (COMISSION IN PARA 11 CORRECTION TO FOLLOW.
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0 100952Z FEB 94
FM AMEMBASSY KIGALI
TO AMEMBASSY KAMPALA IMMEDIATE
SECSTATE WASHDC PRIORITY 5698
INFO AMEMBASSY ADDIS ABABA
AMEMBASSY BRUSSELS
AMEMBASSY BUJUMBURA
AMEMBASSY DAR ES SALAAM
AMEMBASSY KAMPALA
AMEMBASSY KINSHASA
AMEMBASSY NAIROBI
AMEMBASSY ROME
AMEMBASSY YAOUNDE
USMISSION GENEVA
USMISSION USUN NEW YORK
USCINCEUR VAIHINGEN GE
•LIMITED OFFICIAL USE SECTION 04 OF 05 KIGALI 00606
KAMPALA FOR AMBASSADOR AND MS. LEADER
STATE FOR RP
GBNEVA FOR RMA
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ROME FOR FODAG
NAIROBI FOR REFCORD THOMAS-GREENFIELD
ADDIS FOR FARNSWORTH
E.O. 12356:. N/A
TAGS: PREF, RW, BY
SUBJECT: GOR, RPF, UNHCR, ICRC PLAN FOR RWANDAN
TO BE DELIVERED.
RPF POSITION
14. THE RPF ASSURED DCM THAT IT HAS TRIED TO
DISCOURAGE PREMATURE REPATRIATION AND THAT THOSE WHO
HAVE ARRIVED KNOW, WITHOUT ANY DOUBT, THAT THEY ARE
IN TEMPORARY LOCATIONS. THE RPF SAID THAT ICRC IS
HESITATING TO BECOME INVOLVED IN FOOD ASSISTANCE, BUT
THAT IT WILL PROBABLY REFURBISH THE HEALTH CLINICS IN
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THE AREA OCCUPIED BY THE RETURNEES FIRST, IN
ACCORDANCE WITH ITS LONGER-TERM PLAN FOR CLINIC
REHABILITATION. THE RPF WAS PLEASED WITH THE JANUARY
31 MEETING, SAYING THAT IT OVERCAME THE RESISTANCE OF
THE GOVERNMENT, UNHCR, AWD THE ICRC TO BECOME
INVOLVED WITH THE RETURNEES.
DISPLACED ALSO RETURNING TO RPF ZONE
15. ALTHOUGH ATTENTION HAS BEEN ON THANX M
ANEOUS
RETURNEES FROM UGANDA, THE RPF CLAIMS THAT 18,000
PERSONS DISPLACED FROM THE RPF ZONE BY THE WAR HAVE
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ALSO RETURNED. THIS IS IN ADDITION TO THE 10,000
ICRC HAS BEEN ASSISTING IN THE RPF ZONE SINCE THE
PEACE ACCORD WAS SIGNED IN AUGUST. (NOTE. IT IS
EMBASSY'S UNDERSTANDING THAT THESE RETURNS HAVE
OCCURRED PRIMARILY IN THE BUTARO COMMUNE OF THE
RUMENGERI PREFECTURE. END NOTE.) THE RPF SAYS THESE
PEOPLE ARE RETURNING AS CLOSE TO THEIR HOMES AS RPF
MILITARY POSITIONS AND MINE FIELDS WILL PERMIT. TO
AID THEM, THE RPF SAID IT HAS DEMARCATED SOME MINE
FIELDS (ALTHOUGH ONE PERSON HAS BEEN INJURED) THE
RPF CLAIMS IT IS KEEPING CLOSE TRACK OF THE RETURNEES
AMD PROVIDING ICRC WITH THE NAMES SO THEY CAN BE
DELETED FROM ASSISTANCE LISTS IN CAMPS FOR THE
DISPLACED. BUT THE RPF ANTICIPATES THEM NEEDING
ASSISTANCE IN THEIR HOMES, PARTICULARLY SEEDS AND
TOOLS. THIS ISSUE DOES NOT APPEAR TO BE UNDER
DISCUSSION FOR THE MOMENT.
DECISION-MAKING STRUCTURES LACKING
16. THE ABSENCE OF THE TRANSITION GOVERNMENT IS
HOLDING UP FORMATION OF THE NEW SECRETARIAT, TO BE
HEADED BY THE RPF, THAT WILL HANDLE REFUGEES,
RETURNEES, AND DISPLACED PERSONS DURING THE
TRANSITION PERIOD. IT IS ALSO PREVENTING FORMATION
OF A COMMISSION DEFINED IN THE ARUSHA ACCORD AS
HAVING RESPONSIBILITY FOR PLANNING REPATRIATION AND
REFUGEE REINSTALLATION. THE PRIME MINISTER'S
JANUARY 31 MEETING, HOWEVER, APPARENTLY CONCLUDED
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THAT THE CONCERNED PARTIES COULD GET TOGETHER TO
DISCUSS MODALITIES AND DIRECTIONS. (NOTE: UNHCR'S
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SPECIAL ENVOY TO THE REGION, MICHEL MOUSSALLI, GAVE
DIPLOMATS IMPRESSION AT BRIEFING FEBRUARY 2 OF A MORE
DEFINITE DECISION TO ESTABLISH A TEMPORARY TECHNICAL
COMMITTEE THAT WOULD HAVE DONOR REPRESENTATIVES
INCLUDED AT ITS DELIBERATIONS. END NOTE.)
COMMENT
17. WE ARE PLEASED THAT UNHCR HAS DECIDED TO BECOME
INVOLVED IN RESPONDING TO THE SPONTANEOUS RETURNEES.
WB ALSO BELIEVE THAT WHATEVER ASSISTANCE IS PROVIDED
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O 100952Z FEB 94
FM AMEMBASSY KIGALI
TO AMEMBASSY KAMPALA IMMEDIATE
SECSTATE WASHDC PRIORITY 5699
INFO AMEMBASSY ADDIS ABABA
AMEMBASSY BRUSSELS
AMEMBASSY BUJUMBURA
AMEMBASSY DAR ES SALAAM
AMEMBASSY KAMPALA
AMEMBASSY KINSHASA
AMEMBASSY NAIROBI
AMEMBASSY ROME
AMEMBASSY YAOUNDE
USMISSION GENEVA
USMISSION USUN NEW YORK
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Case Number: 200003723
USCINCEUR VAIHINGEN GE
LIMITED OFFICIAL USE SECTION 05 OF 05 KIGALI 00606
KAMPALA FOR AMBASSADOR AND MS. LEADER
STATE FOR RP
GBNEVA FOR RMA
LIMITED OFFICIAL USE
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KIGALI 00606 05 OF 05 101015Z
PAGE 02
ROME FOR FODAG
NAIROBI FOR REFCORD THOMAS-GREENFIELD
ADDIS FOR FARNSWORTH
E.O. 12356: N/A
TAGS: PREF, RW, BY
SUBJECT: GOR, RPF, UNHCR, ICRC PLAN FOR RWANDAN
SHOULD BE MEASURED AND BASED ON IDENTIFIED NEEDS.
THE RISK OF CREATING A PULL FACTOR, DRAWING REFUGEES
FROM THE NORTH OR DISPLACED FROM THE SOUTH IS REAL

AND COULD JEOPARDIZE RWANDA'S ABILITY TO MANAGE A
VERY COMPLEX PROBLEM. A MIDDLE ROAD BETWEEN
• HANDS-OFF AND UNRESTGIKTKKASSISTANCE IS LICOYJE
FOR NOW.
RA
QNCA
LIMITED OFFICIAL USE
NNNN

Current Class: LIMITED OFFICIAL USE

DECONTROLLED/UNCLASSIFIED

Page: 12

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fgtquery v.1.9, 9 février 2024