Citation
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REPUBURIKA Y’U RWANDA
Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya
Akarere ka Nyarugenge
Jenoside (CNLG)
AMATEKA YA JENOSIDE YAKOREWE ABATUTSI MU KARERE KA
NYARUGENGE
(Raporo ya nyuma – Final Report)
Yateguwe na Dr Philibert GAKWENZIRE
Kigali, Kamena 2020
i
IJAMBO RY’IBANZE
Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda mu 1994 yahitanye ubuzima bw’abarenga miliyoni mu
gihe cy’iminsi ijana, isiga ingaruka nyinshi zirimo imfubyi, abapfakazi, ibimuga n’isenyuka
ry’umuryango nyarwanda. Jenoside imaze guhagarikwa n’ingabo za FPR-Inkotanyi hagiyeho
ubuyobozi bw’igihugu bushya maze bwiha intego yo gusana uwo muryango hubakirwa ku kuri.
Iyo ntego n’ubu ni yo ikigena intambwe y’u Rwanda; intambwe igamije ubumwe, ubwiyunge
n’amahoro arambye.
Kandi koko, nyuma y’imyaka makumyabiri n’itandatu Jenoside ikorewe Abatutsi ibaye, hamaze
gukorwa byinshi mu ngeri zinyuranye z’ubuzima bw’igihugu. Gusa inzira iracyari ndende, cyane
cyane mu kumenya uko Jenoside yateguwe, uko yagenze mu bice bitandukanye by’igihugu, abo
yahitanye batarashyingurwa mu cyubahiro ndetse no gufasha abayirokotse kongera kwiyubaka no
kwisanga mu muryango nyarwanda.
Intego y’ubu bushashatsi ni ukwandika no kubika neza amateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.
Ibyo ni ngombwa kugira ngo asigasirwe kandi hubakwe ejo hazaza hazira Jenoside. Nk’uko
Perezida wa Repuburika Nyakuhabwa Paul Kagame yabivuze mu kwibuka Jenoside ku nshuro ya
22 muwa 2016, “Nta bubasha dufite bwo guhindura ibyahise, ariko dufite ubushobozi bwo
kugena ahazaza hacu no kuhagira uko tuhifuza”. Ubu bushakashatsi bwakozwe kuri Jenoside
yakorewe Abatutsi aho Akarere ka Nyarugenge gaherereye ubu bwagendeye kuri uyu murongo.
Twibutse ko kandi ikorwa ry’ubu bushakashatsi rigamije gushyira mu bikorwa icyifuzo cy’Inama
ya 13 y’Igihugu y’Umushyikirano yabaye muri 2015 cyo kwandika amateka ya Jenoside
yakorewe Abatutsi. Iyi nyandiko ni umusaruro w’ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi twizeye ko
bizafasha mu kumenya ukuri ku byabaye muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 mu Karere
ka Nyarugenge, ndetse ikaba n’imbarutso y’ibindi bikorwa bigamije gushimangira ubumwe,
ubwiyunge n’iterambere rirambye.
Ndangije nshimira buri wese wagize uruhare muri ubu bushakashatsi, by’umwihariko Leta y’u
Rwanda ibinyujije muri Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside (CNLG) yatanze urubuga
n’imirongo ngenderwaho. Ndashimira kandi itsinda ry’abashakashatsi riyobowe na Dr Philibert
Gakwenzire ari bo Dr. Janvier Indoha Kimenyi na Angelo Kimenyi. Sinakwibagirwa abayobozi
n’abakozi ku rwego rw’akarere n’urw’imirenge, abatanze amakuru yifashishijwe ndetse
n’abarokotse Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda muri 1994 b’aho akarere ka Nyarugenge
gaherereye ubu.
Iyi nyandiko ituwe inzirakarengane zose zazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda mu
mwaka wa 1994.
NGABONZIZA Emmy
Umuyobozi Nshingwabikorwa w’Akarere ka Nyarugenge
ii
AMAGAMBO AHINNYE YAKORESHEJWE
AIDR
Association Internationale de Développement Rural
AMASASU
Alliance des Militaires Agacés par les Agissements Surnois des Unaristes
APACOPE
Association des Parents pour la Contribution et la Promotion de l’Education
APRED
Association des Parents pour la Promotion de l’Education
APROSOMA
Association pour la Promotion Sociale de la Masse
ATRACO
Association du Transport en Commun
AVEGA
Association des Veuves du Génocide-Agahozo
BACAR
Banque Continentale africaine au Rwanda
BCR
Banque Commerciale du Rwanda
BNR
Banque Nationale du Rwanda
BK
Banque de Kigali
BRALIRWA
Brasseries et Limonaderies du Rwanda
BRD
Banque Rwandaise de Développement
CCM
Center for Conflict Management
CDR
Coalition pour la Défense de la République
CELA
Centre des Langues Africaines
CER
Caisse d’Epargne du Rwanda
CERAI
Centre d’Enseignement Rural et Artisanal Intégré
CHUK
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Kigali
CND
Conseil National de Développement
CNLG
Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide
CNUR
Commission Nationale pour l’Unité et la Réconciliation
CRS
Catholic Relief Services
EAR
Eglise Anglicane du Rwanda
ELECTROGAZ
Entreprise d’Eau, Electricité et Gaz
EPR
Eglise Présbytérienne du Rwanda
ERP
Entreprise Rwandaise de Pétrole
ESM
Ecole Supérieure Militaire
iii
FAR
Forces Armées Rwandaises
FIDH
Fédération Internationale des Droits de l’Homme
FPR
Front Patriotique Rwandais
HRW
Human Rights Watch
ICTR
International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
INYENZI
Ingangurarugo Yiyemeje kuba Ingenzi
IRDP
Institut de Recherche et de Dialogue pour la Paix
JMDR
Jeunesse du Mouvement Démocratique Républicain
JOC
Jeunesse Ouvrière Chrétienne
MAGERWA
Magasins Généraux du Rwanda
MDR
Mouvement Démocratique Républicain
MINAGRI
Ministère de l’Agriculture et Elevage
MINALOC
Ministère de l’Administration Locale
MINIFOP
Ministède de la Fonction Publique
MINITRAPE
Ministère des Travaux Publics, de l’Energie et de l’Eau
MINUAR
Mission des Nations Unies pour l'Assistance au Rwanda
MINIFIN
Ministère des Finances
MRND
Mouvement Révolutionaire National pour le Développement (1975-1991)
Mouvement Républicain National pour la Démocratie et le Développement
(1991-1994)
NISR
National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda
NR
Imprimerie Nationale du Rwanda
OBM
Office de Bugesera Mayaga
OCIR
Office du Café du Rwanda
ONATRACOM
Office National de Transport en Commun
PARMEHUTU
Parti du Mouvement pour l’Emancipation Hutu
RADER
Rassemblement Démocratique Rwandais
RANU
Rwandese Alliance for National Unity
RPF
Rwandan Patriotic Front
iv
RTLM
Radio Télévision Libre des Mille Collines
SNJG
Service National des Juridictions Gacaca
SIRWA
Societé Industrielle du Rwanda
SODEPARAL
Société de Développement et de Promotion des Produits Agricoles et de
Resources Animales Locales
SOMIRWA
Société Minière du Rwanda
SOPECYA
Societé Pétrolière de Cyangugu
STIR
Societé de Transport International au Rwanda
TABARWANDA Usine du Tabac du Rwanda
TELECOM :
Télécommunications
TRAFIPRO
Travail-Fidélité-Progrès
UN
United Nations
UNAR
Union Nationale Rwandaise
USAID
United States Agency for International Development
v
ISHAKIRO
AMAGAMBO AHINNYE YAKORESHEJWE .................................................................................... II
ISHAKIRO .................................................................................................................................... V
INCAMAKE Y’IBYAVUYE MU BUSHAKASHATSI ........................................................................ XIII
UMUTWE WA MBERE: INTANGIRIRO RUSANGE......................................................................... 1
1.1. INTEGO Z’UBUSHAKASHATSI ........................................................................................................ 3
1.2. IBIBAZO UBUSHAKASHATSI BWARI BUGAMIJE GUSUBIZA..................................................................... 3
1.3. ISHINGIRO RY’UBU UBUSHAKASHATSI N’ICYUHO BUJE KUZIBA .............................................................. 4
1.4. UBURYO BWAKORESHEJWE MU BUSHAKASHATSI .............................................................................. 4
1.5. IKUSANYAMAKURU N’ISESENGURA RYAYO ...................................................................................... 5
1.6. AHO UBUSHAKASHATSI BUGARUKIRA............................................................................................. 6
UMUTWE WA KABIRI: UBUMENYI RUSANGE KU ITEGURWA RYA JENOSIDE YAKOREWE
ABATUTSI ................................................................................................................................... 8
2.1. IGISOBANURO CY’IJAMBO “JENOSIDE” ........................................................................................... 8
2.2. ITANDUKANIRO HAGATI YA JENOSIDE, IBYAHA BYO MU NTAMBARA N’IBINDI BYAHA BYIBASIRA INYOKOMUNTU
................................................................................................................................................. 10
2.2. UMWIHARIKO WA JENOSIDE YAKOREWE ABATUTSI MU RWANDA ...................................................... 10
2.2.1. UBWICANYI NDENGAKAMERE BWAKOZWE MU GIHE GITO CYANE....................................................... 11
2.2.2. UMUBARE MUNINI W’ABAZIZE JENOSIDE N’ABAYIKOZE................................................................... 11
2.2.3. GUSENYUKA GUKOMEYE KW’UMURYANGO NYARWANDA ................................................................ 12
2.2.4. JENOSIDE YAKOZWE N’ABANYARWANDA, IKORERWA ABANYARWANDA KANDI INAHAGARIKWA
N’ABANYARWANDA ........................................................................................................................ 13
2.2.5. UKWEMERWA KWA JENOSIDE YAKOREWE ABATUTSI MU RWANDA.................................................... 13
UMUTWE WA GATATU: IMIBEREHO Y’ABATUTSI MU KARERE KA NYARUGENGE GUHERA 1959
KUGERA KURI JENOSIDE ........................................................................................................... 15
vi
3.1. AMATEKA Y’AKARERE KA NYARUGENGE....................................................................................... 15
3.1.1. AMAVU N’AMAVUKO YA KOMINI YA NYARUGENGE ....................................................................... 15
3.1.2. IMITURIRE Y’ABATURAGE MURI KOMINI YA NYARUGENGE .............................................................. 18
3.1.3. AMATEKA N’IMIBEREHO Y’ABATUTSI MU MUJYI WA KIGALI MBERE YA 1959....................................... 19
3.1.4. NYARUGENGE MU MVURURU ZA 1959 N’INKURIKIZI ZAZO .............................................................. 22
3.1.5. IMIBEREHO Y’ABATUTSI MURI NYARUGENGE KURI REPUBURIKA YA MBERE (1960-1973)....................... 24
3.1.6. IMIBEREHO Y'ABATUTSI MURI NYARUGENGE KURI REPUBURIKA YA KABIRI (1973-1990) .................... 27
3.1.6.1. Inkomoko y’Imvururu zibasiye Abatutsi mu wa 1973 .................................................... 27
3.1.6.2. Imvururu mu mashuri yisumbuye yo muri Komini ya Nyarugenge ................................ 28
3.1.6.3. Iyirukanwa ry’abakozi b’Abatutsi mu bigo bya Leta n’ibyabikoreraga muri komini ya
Nyarugenge .............................................................................................................................. 31
3.1.6.4. Kubuza amahwemo no kumenesha Abatutsi muri Komini ya Nyarugenge ................. 33
3.1.6.3. Ubuzima bw’Umututsi kuva 5 Nyakanga 1973 kugeza ukwakira 1990 ........................ 33
3.2. ABAYOBOYE KOMINI YA NYARUGENGE NA KOMINI YA BUTAMWA ..................................................... 34
3.2.1. JEAN KABAHIZI ..................................................................................................................... 34
3.2.2. STANISLAS RUBERANGONDO ................................................................................................... 35
3.2.3. JEAN BERCHMAS NGABOYAMAHINA .......................................................................................... 35
3.2.4. FRANÇOIS KARERA ................................................................................................................ 35
3.2.5. JEAN PIERRE BAKOMERA ........................................................................................................ 37
3.2.6. JEAN BIZIMANA .................................................................................................................... 37
3.3. IMYITWARIRE Y’ABANYAPORITIKI N’IMIBEREHO Y’ABATUTSI KUVA TARIKI YA 1 UKWAKIRA 1990 ............. 38
3.3.1. INKUBIRI Y’AMASHYAKA MENSHI MU RWANDA N’INGARUKA ZAYO .................................................... 38
3.3.2. IVUKA RY’UMUTWE W’INTERAHAMWE N’INDI MITWE YITWARAGA GISIRIKARE ..................................... 40
3.3.3. ISHYIRWAHO RYA GUVERINOMA Y’INZIBACYUHO .......................................................................... 42
3.3.4. IMYIGARAGAMBYO Y’AMASHYAKA ATAVUGAGA RUMWE NA MRND ................................................. 43
3.3.5. ISHINGWA RY’IBITANGAZAMAKURU BYARI BISHYIGIKIYE UMUGAMBI WA JENOSIDE ................................ 45
3.3.5.1. Ibitangazamakuru byahembereye urwango n’amacakubiri ........................................... 45
3.3.5.2. Uruhare rwa Radio-Tésion libre des Milles Collines (RTLM) mu gukwirakwiza urwango
rwibasira Abatutsi ..................................................................................................................... 45
vii
3.3.6. ISHINGWA RY’UMUTWE W’AMASASU ..................................................................................... 47
3.3.6. IKWIRAKWIZWA RY’INTWARO MU BATURAGE ............................................................................... 48
UMUTWE WA KANE: JENOSIDE YAKOREWE ABATUTSI MU KARERE KA NYARUGENGE ........... 49
4.1. GAHUNDA YO GUKWIRAKWIZA UMWUKA MUBI N’URWANGO KU BATUTSI ........................................... 49
4.2. INZEGO Z’UBUTEGETSI ZATUMYE HABA UMWIHARIKO MU ITEGURWA N’ISHYIRWA MU BIKORWA RYA JENOSIDE
MU KARERE KA NYARUGENGE .......................................................................................................... 49
4.2.1. IBIRO BY’UMUKURU W’IGIHUGU (PRÉSIDENCE)............................................................................ 50
4.2.2. URWEGO RW’UBUGENZACYAHA BITAGA CRIMINOLOGIE.................................................................. 50
4.2.3. IKIGO CYA GISIRIKARI CYA CAMP KIGALI ...................................................................................... 51
4.2.4. IBIGO BY’IMARI BYATEYE INKUNGA JENOSIDE ............................................................................... 52
4.2.5. ICYICARO CYA PEREFEGITURA Y’UMUJYI WA KIGALI (PVK) .............................................................. 52
4.2.6. HOTEL DES DIPLOMATES ........................................................................................................ 52
4.2.7. IGIHUGU CY’ITANGAZAMAKURU (ORINFOR) .............................................................................. 53
4.2.8. RADIO TÉLÉVISION LIBRE DES MILLE COLLINES (RTLM) ................................................................. 54
4.2.9. IBIGO BY’UBUCURUZI (AMASOKO, AMADUKA, INGANDA, …) ........................................................... 54
4.2.10. URUHARE RW’AMADINI ....................................................................................................... 55
4.2.10.1. Kiriziya Gatolika .......................................................................................................... 55
4.2.10.2. Itorero ry’Abangilikani mu Rwanda (EAR) ................................................................... 55
4.2.10.3. Abayisiramu ................................................................................................................ 55
4.3. IMIBEREHO Y’ABATUTSI NYUMA Y’IGITERO CY’INKOTANYI CYO KUWA 1 UKWAKIRA 1990....................... 56
4.3.1. MURI KOMINI YA NYARUGENGE ............................................................................................... 56
4.3.2. MURI KOMINI YA BUTAMWA................................................................................................... 58
4.4. BAMWE MU BATEGUYE BAKANASHYIRA MU BIKORWA JENOSIDE MURI KOMINI YA NYARUGENGE ............. 60
4.4.1. COLONEL THARCISSE RENZAHO ................................................................................................ 60
4.4.2. BIZIMANA JEAN .................................................................................................................... 61
4.4.3. PADIRI MUNYESHYAKA WENCESLAS .......................................................................................... 63
4.4.4. LIEUTENANT COLONEL MUNYAKAZI LAURENT .............................................................................. 65
viii
4.5. URUHARE RW’ABAYOBOZI N’ABAKOZI BA KOMINI YA NYARUGENGE MU ISHYIRWA MU BIKORWA RYA
JENOSIDE ..................................................................................................................................... 65
4.5.1. FRANÇOIS KARERA ................................................................................................................ 66
4.5.2. ROZA KARUSHARA ................................................................................................................ 67
4.5.3. ODETTE NYIRABAGENZI .......................................................................................................... 69
4.5.4. EUPHRASIE KAMATAMU ......................................................................................................... 70
4.5.5. FRANÇOIS HAVUGIMANA ........................................................................................................ 71
4.5.6. CALLIXTE KALISA................................................................................................................... 72
4.5.7. ANGÉLINE MUKANDUTIYE....................................................................................................... 72
4.5.8. THÉOGÈNE RUTAYISIRE .......................................................................................................... 74
4.5.9. GABRIEL MBYARIYEHE ........................................................................................................... 75
4.6. UKO JENOSIDE YATEGUWE IKANASHYIRWA MU BIKORWA MURI KOMINI YA NYARUGENGE NA KOMINI YA
BUTAMWA................................................................................................................................... 76
4.6.1. IFUNGWA N’ITOTEZWA RY’ABATUTSI BISWE IBYITSO BY’INKOTANYI MURI KOMINI YA NYARUGENGE .......... 76
4.6.1.1. Segiteri ya Nyarugenge ................................................................................................. 77
4.6.1.2. Segiteri ya Rugenge ...................................................................................................... 81
4.6.1.3. Segiteri ya Muhima ....................................................................................................... 82
4.6.1.4. Segiteri ya Biryogo ........................................................................................................ 83
4.6.1.5. Segiteri ya Nyamirambo ............................................................................................... 84
4.6.1.6. Segiteri ya Nyakabanda ................................................................................................ 85
4.6.1.7. Segiteri ya Kimisagara ................................................................................................... 87
4.6.1.8. Segiteri ya Cyahafi ........................................................................................................ 87
4.6.1.9. Segiteri ya Gitega .......................................................................................................... 88
4.6.1.10. Segiteri ya Muhima ..................................................................................................... 89
4.6.1.11. Segiteri ya Kanyinya .................................................................................................... 90
4.6.1.12. Segiteri ya Nzove ........................................................................................................ 90
4.6.1.13. Segiteri ya Butamwa ................................................................................................... 91
4.6.2. IMIBEREHO Y’ABISWE IBYITSO BY’INKOTANYI................................................................................ 92
4.6.3. IREKURWA RY’ABISWE IBYITSO BY’INKOTANYI............................................................................... 93
ix
4.6.4. IBYISWE GUSHYINGURA FRED RWIGEMA MURI KOMINI YA NYARUGENGE ........................................... 94
4.6.4.1. Segiteri ya Nyarugenge ................................................................................................. 95
4.6.4.2. Segiteri ya Rugenge ...................................................................................................... 95
4.6.4.3. Segiteri ya Muhima ....................................................................................................... 96
4.6.4.4. ya Biryogo .................................................................................................................... 96
4.6.4.5. Segiteri ya Nyamirambo ............................................................................................... 97
4.6.4.6. Segiteri ya Nyakabanda ................................................................................................ 98
4.6.4.7. Segiteri ya Kimisagara ................................................................................................... 99
4.6.4.8. Segiteri ya Cyahafi ........................................................................................................ 99
4.6.4.9. Segiteri ya Gitega ........................................................................................................ 100
4.6.4.10. Segiteri ya Kanyinya .................................................................................................. 100
4.6.4.11. Segiteri ya Nzove ...................................................................................................... 101
4.6.6. IKINAMICO RYO GUSHYINGURA FRED GISA RWIGEMA MURI KOMINI YA BUTAMWA ............................. 101
4.6.7. IMYITWARIRE Y’ABAYOBOZI N’ABATURAGE MU GIHE CY’AMASHYAKA MENSHI .................................... 102
4.6.7.1. Segiteri ya Nyarugenge ............................................................................................... 103
4.6.7.2. Segiteri ya Rugenge .................................................................................................... 104
4.6.7.3. Segiteri ya Muhima ..................................................................................................... 104
4.6.7.4. Segiteri ya Biryogo ...................................................................................................... 105
4.6.7.5. Segiteri ya Nyamirambo ............................................................................................. 106
4.6.7.6. Segiteri ya Nyakabanda .............................................................................................. 107
4.6.7.7. Segiteri ya Kimisagara ................................................................................................. 109
4.6.7.8. Segiteri ya Cyahafi ...................................................................................................... 112
4.6.7.9. Segiteri ya Gitega ........................................................................................................ 113
4.6.7.10. Segiteri ya Kanyinya .................................................................................................. 114
4.6.7.11. Segiteri ya Nzove ...................................................................................................... 116
4.6.8. INGARUKA Z’UMWADUKO W’AMASHYAKA MENSHI MURI BUTAMWA ............................................... 118
4.7. INAMA ZO GUTEGURA JENOSIDE MURI SEGITERI ZO MURI NYARUGENGE ............................................ 122
4.7.1. SEGITERI YA RUGENGE ......................................................................................................... 122
4.7.2. SEGITERI YA MUHIMA .......................................................................................................... 123
x
4.7.3. SEGITERI YA NYAMIRAMBO ................................................................................................... 124
4.7.4. SEGITERI YA NYAKABANDA .................................................................................................... 126
4.7.5. SEGITERI YA KIMISAGARA...................................................................................................... 127
4.7.6. SEGITERI YA CYAHAFI ........................................................................................................... 128
4.7.7. SEGITERI YA GITEGA ............................................................................................................ 129
4.7.8. SEGITERI YA KANYINYA ......................................................................................................... 130
4.7.9. SEGITERI YA NZOVE ............................................................................................................. 131
4.7.10. SEGITERI YA BIRYOGO ........................................................................................................ 132
4.8. ISHYIRWA MU BIKORWA RYA JENOSIDE YAKOREWE ABATUTSI MURI KOMINI YA NYARUGENGE ............... 133
4.8.1. SEGITERI YA NYARUGENGE .................................................................................................... 134
4.8.1.1. Intandaro y’urupfu rw’abasirikare b’Ababiligi bari mu butumwa bw’amahoro ........... 135
4.8.1.2. Iyicwa rya Agatha Uwiringiyimana .............................................................................. 136
4.8.1.3. Iraswa ry’abasirikare b’Ababiligi ................................................................................. 138
4.8.1.4. Ahaguye imbaga y’Abatutsi muri Segiteri ya Nyarugenge ........................................... 140
4.8.2. SEGITERI YA RUGENGE ......................................................................................................... 144
4.8.2.1. Ahiciwe imbaga y’Abatutsi muri Segiteri ya Rugenge .................................................. 145
4.8.2.2. Abafashije Abatutsi kurokoka muri Segiteri ya Rugenge.............................................. 155
4.8.3. SEGITERI YA MUHIMA .......................................................................................................... 156
4.8.3.1. Ahiciwe Abatutsi benshi muri Segiteri ya Muhima ...................................................... 156
4.8.3.2. Iyicarubozo ryakorewe Abatutsi muri Segiteri ya Muhima .......................................... 157
4.8.4. SEGITERI YA BIRYOGO .......................................................................................................... 158
4.8.4.1. Abayoboye ubwicanyi muri Segiteri ya Biryogo ........................................................... 159
4.8.4.2. Ahiciwe Abatutsi benshi muri Segiteri ya Biryogo ....................................................... 159
4.8.4.3. Iyicarubozo ryakorewe Abatutsi muri Segiteri ya Biryogo ........................................... 160
4.8.5. SEGITERI YA NYAMIRAMBO ................................................................................................... 162
4.8.5.1. Abagize uruhare mu koreka imbaga y’Abatutsi muri Segiteri ya Nyamirambo ............ 164
4.8.5.2. Ahaguye imbaga y’Abatutsi benshi muri Segiteri ya Nyamirambo ............................... 166
4.8.5.3. Iyicarubozo ryakorewe Abatutsi muri Segiteri ya Nyamirambo ................................... 175
4.8.5.4. Abafashije Abatutsi kurokoka muri Segiteri ya Nyamirambo ....................................... 175
xi
4.8.6. SEGITERI YA NYAKABANDA .................................................................................................... 176
4.8.6.1. Abagize uruhare mu kwica imbaga y’Abatutsi muri Segiteri ya Nyakabanda ............... 176
4.8.6.2. Ahaguye imbaga y’Abatutsi muri Segiteri ya Nyakabanda ........................................... 178
4.8.6.3. Iyicwarubozo ryakorewe Abatutsi muri Segiteri ya Nyakabanda ................................. 182
4.8.7. SEGITERI YA KIMISAGARA...................................................................................................... 185
4.8.7.1. Umwihariko wa Karushara Rose mu guhuza ibikorwa byo kwica Abatutsi ................... 189
4.8.7.2. Ahaguye imbaga y’Abatutsi benshi muri Segiteri ya Kimisagara .................................. 191
4.8.7.3. Iyicarubozo ryakorewe Abatutsi muri Segiteri ya Kimisagara ...................................... 193
4.8.8. SEGITERI YA CYAHAFI ........................................................................................................... 194
4.8.8.1. Bariyeri ziciweho Abatutsi muri Segiteri ya Cyahafi ..................................................... 197
4.8.8.2. Ahiciwe imbaga y’Abatutsi benshi muri Segiteri ya Cyahafi ......................................... 203
4.8.8.3. Iyicarubozo ryakorewe Abatutsi muri Segiteri ya Cyahafi ............................................ 204
4.8.9. SEGITERI YA GITEGA ............................................................................................................ 206
4.8.9.1. Ahaguye imbaga y’Abatutsi benshi muri Segiteri ya Gitega ......................................... 207
4.8.10. SEGITERI YA KANYINYA ....................................................................................................... 208
4.8.10.1. Ahashyizwe bariyeri muri Segiteri ya Kanyinya ......................................................... 209
4.8.10.2. Iyicarubozo ryakorewe Abatutsi muri Segiteri ya Kanyinya ....................................... 211
4.8.10.3. Ahaguye imbaga y’Abatutsi benshi muri Segiteri ya Kanyinya ................................... 212
4.8.10.4. Abagize umutima wo guhisha no kurokora Abatutsi muri Segiteri ya Kanyinya ......... 212
4.8.11. SEGITERI YA NZOVE ........................................................................................................... 216
4.7.11.1. Ahaguye imbaga y’Abatutsi benshi muri Segiteri ya Nzove ....................................... 218
4.7.11.2. Iyicarubozo ryakorewe Abatutsi muri Segiteri ya Nzove ............................................ 219
4.9. ISHYIRWA MU BIKORWA RYA JENOSIDE YAKOREWE ABATUTSI MUR KOMINI YA BUTAMWA ................... 227
4.9.1. KOMINI YA BUTAMWA ......................................................................................................... 229
4.9.2. ABAGIZE URUHARE RUKOMEYE MU KWICA ABATUTSI MURI KOMINI YA BUTAMWA.............................. 232
4.9.3. IBIKORWA BY’IYICARUBOZO BYAKOREWE ABATUTSI MURI KOMINI YA BUTAMWA................................ 234
4.10. ABAKOZI BA KOMINI YA NYARUGENGE NA KOMINI NA BUTAMWA BAZIZE JENOSIDE .......................... 236
4.10.1. RUGUMIRE JEAN BOSCO ..................................................................................................... 236
4.10.2. MUKAMPABUKA MARIE GORETTI ......................................................................................... 237
xii
4.10.3. RUTIKANGA ALEXANDRE ..................................................................................................... 241
4.10.4. TWAGIRAYEZU LAURENT ..................................................................................................... 244
4.10.5. MUNANA THEONESTE........................................................................................................ 244
4.10.6. BINEGO DJUMA ............................................................................................................... 245
4.11. ABANTU BAGIZE URUHARE MU KURENGERA UBUZIMA NO KUROKORA ABATUTSI BICWAGA MURI KOMINI YA
NYARUGENGE NA KOMINI YA BUTAMWA.......................................................................................... 246
4.11.1. TWAGIRAYEZU LAURENT ..................................................................................................... 246
4.11.2. MUSENYERI CÉLESTIN HAKIZIMANA ...................................................................................... 247
4.11.3. MUTSINDASHYAKA MARTINI ............................................................................................... 249
4.11.4. MUKASHYAKA JOSÉPHINE ................................................................................................... 250
4.11.5. NYIRABAYOVU TERESA ....................................................................................................... 250
UMUTWE WA GATANU: INGARUKA ZA JENOSIDE N’UBUZIMA BWA NYUMA YAYO ............ 251
5.1. UMUBARE W’ABAZIZE JENOSIDE YAKOREWE ABATUTSI MU KARERE KA NYARUGENGE .......................... 251
5.2. GUSIBANGANYA IBIMENYETSO BYA JENOSIDE .............................................................................. 252
5.3. IMIBEREHO Y’ ABACITSE KU ICUMU RYA JENOSIDE YAKOREWE ABATUTSI............................................ 252
5.4. KWIBUKA JENOSIDE YAKOREWE ABATUTSI MU KARERE KA NYARUGENGE .......................................... 253
5.5. KURWANYA INGENGABITEKEREZO YA JENOSIDE MU KARERE KA NYARUGENGE .................................... 255
5.6. IMIBANIRE Y’ABATURAGE B’AKARERE KA NYARUGENGE NYUMA YA JENOSIDE YAKOREWE ABATUTSI ....... 257
UMUTWE WA GATANDATU: UMWANZURO RUSANGE N’BYIFUZO ....................................... 259
INKOMOKO Y’AMAKURU ....................................................................................................... 262
AMAZINA Y’ABAFITANYE ISANO N’ABAZIZE JENOSIDE YAKOREWE ABATUTSI BAKORERAGA KOMINI YA NYARUGENGE
CYANGWA KOMINI YA BUTAMWA ................................................................................................... 262
AMAZINA Y’ABATANZE AMAKURU KURI JENOSIDE YAKOREWE ABATUTSI MURI KOMINI YA NYARUGENGE NA
KOMINI YA BUTAMWA ................................................................................................................. 262
INYANDIKO ZIFASHISHIJWE ............................................................................................................. 265
xiii
INCAMAKE Y’IBYAVUYE MU BUSHAKASHATSI
Ubushakashatsi kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Karere ka Nyarugenge bugamije
kwegeranya no kubungabunga amateka ya Jenoside, hagaragazwa uko yagenze muri ako gace,
abo yahitanye, gutanga umuganda ku kubaka ubumwe n’ubwiyunge mu bakozi b’Akarere ka
Nyarugenge by’umwihariko no mu Banyarwanda muri rusange.
Ibibazo ubu bushakashatsi bwari bugamije gusubiza byubakiye ku kugaragaza ubuzima
n’imibereho n’imibanire y’abaturage bari batuye bagizwe Akarere ka Nyarugenge mu bihe
bitandukanye by’amateka. Ni ukuvuga kuva mu 1959 kugeza mu 1990, mu gihe cy’urugamba
rwo kwibohora (1990-1994), imibanire igainsha ku bumwe n’ubwiyunge ku baturage b’Akarere
ka Nyarugenge nyuma ya 1994 n’ubuzima bw’abarokotse Jenoside. Harimo kandi isesengura ku
itegurwa n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside mu duce dutandukanye twa Nyarugenge. Ishusho
y’imibereho n’imibanire y’abaturage b’akarere ka Nyarugenge nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe
Abatutsi na yo yagarutsweho hibandwa ku bikorwa mu kwibuka no mu kurwanya
ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside. Ubushakashatsi bwakorewe mu mirenge icumi (10) igize akarere
ka Nyarugenge ari yo Gitega, Kanyinya, Kigali, Kimisagara, Mageragere, Muhima, Nyakabanda,
Nyamirambo, Nyarugenge na Rwezamenyo.
Jenoside ni ubwicanyi bwibasira igice kimwe cy’abaturage bugakorwa na Leta bugamije
kubarimbura bose hamwe cyangwa se igice cyabo. Bashobora kuba bahuje ubwoko, idini,
ubwenegihugu cyangwa se ibara ry’uruhu. Jenoside iyo ari yo yose irategurwa. Mu Rwanda,
ubutegetsi bwasimbuye ubukoroni bwiyubakiye ku nyigisho z'urwango n'amacakuburi hagati
y'Abahutu n'Abatutsi. Poritiki y'ubwicanyi, itotezwa, ivangura n'iringaniza ry'amoko n'uturere
byakozwe n'abategetsi bo kuri Repuburika ya mbere n'iya kabiri byapyinagaje Abatutsi cyane,
nyuma intambara yo kubohora igihugu itangiye mu Kwakira 1990 iba intandaro n’urwitwazo rwo
kubatoteza no gutegura kubarimbura. Ubuyobozi bwa komini bwari bufite inshingano yo
gushyira iyo poritiki mu bikorwa.
Imbarutso yo gutangiza Jenoside yabaye ihanurwa ry’indege y’uwari Perezida Juvénal
Habyarimana ryahise rikurikirwa n’imidugararo n'ubwicanyi bukomeye mu bice bitandukanye
by’igihugu bwibasira Abatutsi. Aho Nyarugenge iherereye ubu habaye Jenoside ikomeye, ikorwa
n'ubutegetsi bwariho bwifashishije inzego zose kuva hejuru kugeza hasi, Interahamwe,
xiv
Impuzamugambi, abasirikari, abajandarume n'intagondwa z'Abahutu bari baratojwe ubwicanyi.
Umwihariko wa Jenoside mu karere ka Nyarugenge ni uko ari ho umurwa w’u Rwanda wari
uherereye. Bityo ni ho Jenoside yatangiriye, ubuyobozi bw’igihugu butegeka abasirikari
n’abajandarume gutangiza ubwicanyi no kubuhagararira. Undi mwihariko n’uko Umujyi wa
Kigali wayoborwaga n’umusirikari Colonel Tharcisse Renzaho watangaga amabwiriza yo kwica
Abatutsi muri komini zose zari ziwugize. Nk’umusirikare kandi nka Perefe, yari afite ububasha
buseseuye ku ngabo no ku baturage. Inzira zose zahise zifungwa hakoreshejwe za bariyeri. Ibyo
byatumye Abatutsi babura uko bahunga maze bicwa ari benshi. Jenoside yamaze amezi atatu
kuva muri Mata kugeza muri Nyakanga 1994. Yahagaritswe na FPR-Inkotanyi abari bataricwa
barakokoka.
Ubuzima bwa nyuma ya Jenoside mu Karere ka Nyarugenge ntibwari bworoshye kubera
ingaruka yasize zirimo imfubyi, abapfakazi, incike, impunzi imbere no hanze y'igihugu,
ibikorwa-remezo byari byarasenyutse, urwikekwe mu baturanyi n’ibindi. Leta y'ubumwe
bw’Abanyarwanda yakoze byinshi mu kongera gusana umuryango nyarwanda, cyane cyane mu
gufasha
abacitse
ku
icumu,
mu
kwibuka
Jenoside
yakorewe
Abatutsi,
kurwanya
ingengabitekerezo, ihakana n’ipfobya ryayo. Akarere ka Nyarugenge na ko ntikasigaye inyuma
kuko kitabira ibikorwa na gahunda zose kandi bikaba bigenda binozwa uko umwaka utashye.
1
UMUTWE WA MBERE: INTANGIRIRO RUSANGE
Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda hagati ya Mata na Nyakanga 1994 yahitanye abarenga
miliyoni, bagizwe ahanini n’Abatutsi bazize ubwoko bwabo n’Abahutu bamwe na bamwe banze
kwitabira uwo mugambi w’ubwicanyi (MINALOC, 2004). Abatutsi bishwe bari mu byiciro
byose by’abaturage: abana, abagore, abagabo, abakuru, abize, abahinzi, ibimuga, abarwayi,
abacuruzi, abarimu, abaganga, abakozi ba Leta, abanyamakuru, abanyamahanga n’abandi.
Abicanyi nabo bari muri ibyo byiciro byose kandi umugambi wabo wari uwo gutsembatsemba
kugira ngo abazavuka nyuma bazajye babaza uko Umututsi yasaga. Ni muri urwo rwego
abaturage basanzwe, abize, abagize inzego z’umutekano; ni ukuvuga abajandarume, abapolisi,
abasirikari,
imitwe
yitwaraga
gisirikari
yari
yaratojwe
ubwicanyi
nk’Interahamwe
n’Impuzamugambi, Abihayimana… bijanditse muri Jenoside yibasiye Abatutsi. Ikirenze ibyo
byose kandi ni uko Jenoside yari yarateguwe ku buryo bunononsoye na Leta kandi ikanahagarira
ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryayo.
Nyuma y’imyaka 26 Jenoside ihagaritswe na FPR-Inkotanyi, hakozwe byinshi mu rwego rwo
kumenya ukuri kw’ibyabaye mu Rwanda, impamvu za hafi n’iza kure zayiteye, abayigizemo
uruhare ahanini binyujijwe mu nkiko Gacaca zashoje akazi kazo mu wa 2012. Muri uwo mujyo
kandi, ubuhamya bwinshi bukomeje gukusanywa, inyandiko za gihanga zitandukanye na zo
zivuga kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda zikomeje gusohoka. Aha twavuga inyandiko
z’imiryango itandukanye irimo iy’abacitse ku icumu nka IBUKA (1998, 2001), AVEGA (1998),
iy’abashakashatsi nka Human Rights Watch (1999), African Rights (1995, 1998, 2000, 2001),
CCM (2012) n’iyindi. Abantu ku giti cyabo, baba abanyarwanda cyangwa abanyamahanga, nabo
banditse kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu bihe no mu buryo butandukanye. Muri bo twavuga
nka Yolande Mukagasana (1999, 2004), Philip Gourevitch (1998), Esther Mujawayo (2006),
Jean-Paul Kimonyo (2008), Jean Hatzfeld (2003), Charles Mironko (2009, 2014), Aimable
Kubana (2010) n’abandi. Kuri izi nyandiko kandi ni ngombwa kongeraho izavuye mu
bushakashatsi bumaze gukorwa ku duce dutandukanye tw’igihugu, zigaragaza umwihariko
w’ubwicanyi bwahabereye. Muri zo twavuga izakozwe ku duce tw’amayaga (Rutembesa &
Mutwarasibo, 2008), Nyarubuye (Rutayisire & Rutazibwa, 2007), Murambi (Rutinduka, 2010),
Gishamvu na Kibayi (Charles M. Kabwete, 2010), Rubungo na Gikomero (Philibert Gakwenzire,
2
2017), Jenoside muri Perefegitura ya Gisenyi (CNLG, 2015), Jenoside muri Perefegitura ya
Cyangugu (2020), Akarere ka Gasabo (2018) n’izindi nyigo zigikorwaho.
Birakwiye kwibutsa ko gukora ubushakashatsi kuri Jenoside muri rusange no ku yakorewe
Abatutsi by’umwihariko bisaba ubumenyi, ubwitange n’umutima, cyane ko iyo mu Rwanda
yakoranywe ubugome burenze urugero, mu gihe gito kandi igakorwa hagati y’abantu bari
babanye igihe kirekire baziranye. Ibi nibyo umwanditsi Hatzfeld (2003) yise “génocide de
proximité’1. Gusesengura no gusobanura ibyerekeye Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda ni
n’uburyo bwo kubuza ubwicanyi ubwari bwo bwose kongera kubaho ukundi, haba mu Rwanda
cyangwa n’ahandi ku isi, “Never Again”.
Igisobanuro cyo gukora ubushakashatsi kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ku rwego rw’uturere,
imirenge, ibigo bya Leta n’iby’abikorera gikubiye mu mwanzuro wa 2 w’Inama ya 13 y’Igihugu
y’Umushyikirano yateranye ku matariki ya 21 na 22 Ukuboza 20152. Muri iyo nama hasabwe
gukomeza
gukora
ubushakashatsi
kuri
Jenoside
yakorewe
Abatutsi
nk’umwimerere
n’indangagaciro biranga Abanyarwanda baharanira kwigira no kwishakamo ibisubizo. Ku
bufatanye na Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside (CNLG), Akarere ka Nyarugenge kifuje
gukora ubushakashatsi bwimbitse kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Komini ya
Nyarugenge, muri Komini ya Butamwa no muri Segiteri ya Kanyinya n’iya Nzove zari muri
Komini ya Shyorongi ariko ubu zikaba zaragizwe Umurenge wa Kanyinya uri mu Karere ka
Nyarugenge. Izo komini zombi, kongeraho Segiteri ya Kanyinya na Segiteri ya Nzove zari muri
Komini ya Shyorongi nizo zabyaye Akarere ka Nyarugenge mu gihe cy’ivugururwa ry’inzego
z’ibanze ryakozwe mu mwaka wa 20063.
1
2
3
CNLG, (2015), Ibisobanuro ku mwihariko wa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda, Kigali, CNLG, p.15
Uwo mwanzuro wa 2 ugira uti: “Gukomeza gusigasira no kurinda ibyiza twagezeho dukesha inkiko Gacaca no
kurushaho kubungabunga ibindi bimenyetso bya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi birimo inzibutso za Jenoside, no
kwandika amateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu turere dutandukanye, mu bigo bya Leta iby’abikorera
n’amadini kugira ngo bikomeze gushyigikira ubumwe bw’abanyarwanda.”
Repuburika y’u Rwanda (2013). Itegeko Ngenga no 29/2005 ryo kuwa 31/12/2005 rigena inzego
n’imitegekere y’igihugu cy’u Rwanda.
3
1.1. Intego z’ubushakashatsi
Intego nyamukuru y’ubu bushakashatsi ni ugufasha Akarere ka Nyarugenge kumenya no
kubungabunga amateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, mu nzira iganisha ku bumwe
n’ubwiyunge mu Banyarwanda. Intego zihariye z’ubu bushakashatsi ni izi zikurikira:
1) Kubungabunga amateka ya Jenoside muri rusange n’ay’abakozi ba Komini ya
Nyarugenge na Komini ya Butamwa, Segiteri ya kanyi na NZove bazize Jenoside
yakorewe Abatutsi;
2) Gutanga umuganda ku kubaka ubumwe n’ubwiyunge mu bakozi ba Nyarugenge
by’umwihariko no mu Banyarwanda muri rusange;
3) Kugira uruhare mu kumenyekanisha ukuri kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda
binyuze mu nyandiko zicukumbuye n’ubuhamya butangwa n’abayizi.
1.2. Ibibazo ubushakashatsi bwari bugamije gusubiza
Ubushakashatsi kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu karere ka Nyarugenge bwari bugamije
gusubiza ibibazo ku ngingo zikurikira:
✔ Kugaragaza imibereho n’imibanire y’abaturage muri rusange n’abakozi mu ari komini
zari zigize komini ya Nyarugenge mbere ya 1990;
✔ Kumenya imibereho n’imibanire hagati y’abaturage mu gihe cy’urugamba rwo kwibohora
(1990-1994);
✔ Gusesengura uko Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 yateguwe ikanashyirwa mu
bikorwa mu Karere ka Nyarugenge;
✔ Kugaragaza ibikorwa by’iyicarubozo byakorewe Abatutsi muri Jenoside mu Karere ka
Nyarugenge;
✔ Kugaragaza igipimo cy’imibanire hagati y’abakozi b’akarere ka Nyarugenge nyuma ya
Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994;
✔ Kugaragaza bumwe mu buhamya bw’abakozi b’akarere ka Nyarugenge n’abarokotse bo
mu miryango y’abari abakozi ba Komini zavuzwe haruguru.
4
1.3. Ishingiro ry’ubu ubushakashatsi n’icyuho buje kuziba
Umwihariko wa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda ni uko yakozwe n’igice kimwe
cy’Abanyarwanda kiyikorera abandi Banyarwanda baziranye neza. Ibyo bituma kumenya ukuri
kose bigorana bitewe n’ubukana yakoranwe ndetse n’ingaruka yasize ku bayirokotse
n’abayigizemo uruhare. Mu ntangiriro hagaragajwe uburyo inyandiko nyinshi zavuze kuri
Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda zibanze ku rwego rw’igihugu. Inyandiko zivuga ku
turere cyangwa inzego zihariye ziracyari nke cyane ugereranyije n’izivuga kuri Jenoside muri
rusange. Ibyo bituma amateka y’uko Jenoside yagenze atamenyekana uko bikwiye bikanatera
icyuho mu bumenyi abantu bakwiye kugira kuri Jenoside muri rusange no kuri Jenoside
yakorewe Abatutsi by’umwihariko. Kugeza ubu kandi, nta bundi bushakashatsi burambuye
burakorwa kuri Jenoside yakorewe aho Akarere ka Nyarugenge gaherereye ubu. Ni ukuvuga ko
ibizava muri ubu bushakashatsi kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu karere ka Nyarugenge
bizafasha gusobanukirwa kurushaho uko yateguwe, uko yashyizwe mu bikorwa, ingaruka zayo
ndetse n’icyo ako karere gakora mu guhangana na zo. Byongeye kandi, kuba akarere ka
Nyarugenge nk’urwego bwite rwa Leta rwegereye abaturage gakoze ubushakashatsi kuri
Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi biratanga urugero rwiza ku zindi nzego, zaba iza Leta cyangwa se
iz’abikorera, zikwiye kwandika amateka y’ibyabaye ku Batutsi bakoraga iwabo bazize Jenoside.
Nyuma y’ibyo kandi, ikigenderewe ni uko ukuri kose kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi
kumenyekana kugira ngo kuzafashe mu gukumira amahano nk’ayo mu Rwanda n’ahandi ku isi.
1.4. Uburyo bwakoreshejwe mu bushakashatsi
Kugira ngo umuntu asobanukirwe uko Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu karere ka Nyarugenge
yagenze agomba kugendera ku makuru yose ashoboka avuga ku itegurwa, ishyirwa mu bikorwa
n’ingaruka zayo mu bihe bitandukanye. Ayo makuru ava mu byiciro byose by’abashobora
kuyatanga. Ubwo buryo ni bwo umuhanga mu bumenyi mbonezamubano witwa Gerring (2011)
yise “Social constructivism”. Bisobanura ko ibyaranze amateka ya kera n’aya vuba yagejeje u
Rwanda kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 bigomba gusobanurwa neza. Ubu
bushakashatsi ku bazize Jenoside mu Karere ka Nyarugenge bwagendeye ku iyigamiterere
(qualitative approach) rifasha mu gucukumbura amakuru yose ajyanye n’ingingo umushakashatsi
5
aba yiga muri rusange ndetse n’insanganyamatsiko
y’ubu bushakashatsi ku buryo
bw’umwihariko.
1.5. Ikusanyamakuru n’isesengura ryayo
Mu ikusanyamakuru, hifashishijwe ibiganiro byimbitse twagiranye n’abatangabuhamya basaga
mirongo itanu (50) babarizwa mu mirenge cumi (10) igize Akarere ka Nyarugenge uyu munsi. Ni
ukuvuga ko nibura abantu 5 babajijwe muri buri murenge. Mu kuzuza amakuru no kuyemeza,
hakozwe ibiganiro byo mu matsinda agizwe n’abantu bari hagati ya batanu n’icumi (5-10).
Byongeye kandi, ku makuru yatanzwe n’abatangabuhamya bava mu byiciro byose hiyongeraho
ari mu nyandiko z’abantu batandukanye banditse ku mateka ya Jenoside muri Komini zivugwa
muri ubu bushakashatsi, kimwe n’amakuru yavuye mu manza zaburanishirijwe muri Gacaca no
mu Rukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha Rwashyiriweho u Rwanda ruri i Arusha ku bahamijwe
ibyaha bya Jenoside bakomoka cyangwa se bakoreraga mu bice bivugwa muri ubu bushakashatsi.
Gukorera ubushakashatsi ahabereye Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 bigamije ibi
bikurikira:
1) Kuvugana n’abatangabuhamya babonye ibyabaye muri Jenoside imbona nkubone;
2) Kumenya neza uko abaturage b’akarere ka Nyarugenge bari babanye mbere ya 1994.
Mu gutoranya abatannze amakuru hashingiwe ku byiciro byose, harimo abaturage basanzwe,
abayobozi (cyane cyane abari abayobozi mu gihe cya Jenoside), abihayimana, abize n’abatarize,
abatuye mu bice by’umujyi n’iby’icyaro. Ku makuru arebana n’abishwe muri Jenoside, uburyo
bwo kurangirana abatangabuhamya (snowball technique) ni bwo bwakoreshejwe kugira ngo
amakuru yose aboneke kandi ahuzwe. Nk’uko bisobanurwa n’abahanga Kenneth (1982) na
Grinnell & William (1990), ikiba kigenderewe mu gukoresha ubu buryo si umubare munini
w’ababazwa, ahubwo ni agaciro k’amakuru atanzwe. Muri urwo rwego, ababajijwe bava mu
byiciro byihariye bikurikira:
✔ Abacitse ku icumu;
✔ Abakoze Jenoside bireze bakemera icyaha n’abo mu miryango yabo;
✔ Abayobozi mu nzego bwite za Leta;
✔ Abahoze ari impunzi zo muri 1959/1973 batahutse bazi amateka ya kera;
✔ Abihayimana;
6
✔ Abakora/abahagarariye imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta.
Muri rusange abatangabuhamya batoranyijwe hakurikijwe abantu bazi neza amateka ya Jenoside
yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 mu karere ka Nyarugenge, babyiboneye, babyumvanye abayikoze
cyangwa abayigizemo uruhare. Muri abo harimo abari inyangamugayo za Gacaca, abemeye
n’abireze icyaha bakaba bararangije ibihano bahawe cyangwa se bagifunze, abari abakozi
n’abayobozi mu nzego za Leta n’izigenga mbere no mu gihe cya Jenoside, abacitse ku icumu
bafite icyo bazi kimwe n’abandi bose bafite icyo bazi ku mateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi
mu zahoze ari Komini zahurijwe hamwe zivamo Akarere ka Nyarugenge uko gateye ubu.
Mu isesengura ry’amakuru ubu bushakashatsi bwagendeye ku bitekerezo by’inzobere mu
mibanire n’imibereho y’abantu. Ibitekerezo byabo bifasha mu kumva no gusobanura imibereho
y’abaturage aho akarere ka Nyarugenge gaherereye ubu n’inkomoko y’urwango hagati
y’Abahutu n’Abatutsi mu gihe cy’ubukoroni, kuri Repubulika ya mbere n’iya Kabiri. Ibitekerezo
by’inzobere mu birebana na Jenoside nka Raphael Lemkin, Gregory Stanton, Samuel Totten,
Jacques Semelin, Gérard Prunier n’abandi, byafashije mu gusobanura Jenoside icyo ari cyo
ndetse n’aho itandukaniye n’ibindi byaha byibasira inyokomuntu. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe
n’Abanyarwanda ku mwihariko wa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu duce dutandukanye tw’u
Rwanda na bwo bwafashije kumva neza uko yagenze. Hifashishijwe na none amategeko yo mu
Rwanda ahana icyaha cya Jenoside, inyandiko zavuye mu bubikoshakiro bwo mu nzego za Leta
kimwe n’ubuhamya butandukanye bwatanzwe n’abazi amateka ya Jenoside mu Karere ka
Nyarugenge.
1.6. Aho ubushakashatsi bugarukira
Ubu bushakashatsi bugamije kugaragaza uko Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ahahoze ari muri
Komini ya Nyarugennge na Kommini ya Butamwa ndetse na Segiteri ya Kanyinya na Nzove zo
muri Komini ya Shyorongi byahujwe bivamo Akarere ka Nyarugenge. Utwo duce ni two
twahurijwe mu karere ka Nyarugenge k’ubu mu ivugurura ryakozwe mu wa 2013 ryavuzwe
hejuru. Ubu Akarere ka Nyarugenge kagizwe n’imirenge 10 ari yo Gitega, Kanyinya, Kigali,
Kimisagara, Mageragere, Muhima, Nyakabanda, Nyamirambo, Nyarugenge, Rwezamenyo.
7
Amakuru yakusanyjwe muri ubu bushakashatsi ahera mbere ya 1959 mu rwego rwo gusobanura
imvano y’amacakubiri n’ivangura byagejeje kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994.
By’umwihariko, Komini zavuzwe haruguru zabarizwaga mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Kigali
n’iy’Umujyi wa Kigali. Ubu bushakashatsi bwakozwe hakurikijwe ibijyanye n’ubumenyi kuri
Jenoside no kuyikumira4.
Ikarita igaragaza Imirenge igize Akarere ka Nyarugenge
Aho yavuye: National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda, Rwanda, 2012.
Iyi nyandiko igizwe n’ibice bitatu (3) uvanyemo intangiriro n’umwanzuro. Ibyo bice byose
bijyanye no gusobanura byimbitse Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi n’icyayiteye, uko yakozwe,
ingaruka yasize zaba iz’ako kanya ndetse no kugeza ubu mu Karere ka Nyarugenge.
4
Repuburika y’u Rwanda, (1996), Itegeko-ngenga n°8/96 ryo kuwa 30/8/1996 rigena imitunganirize
y'ikurikirana ry'ibyaha bigize icyaha cy'itsembabwoko n'itsembatsemba cyangwa ibyaha byibasiye
inyokomuntu byakozwe kuva tariki ya 1 Ukwakira 1990, Kigali, Primature.
8
UMUTWE WA KABIRI: UBUMENYI RUSANGE KU ITEGURWA RYA JENOSIDE
YAKOREWE ABATUTSI
Iyiga n’isesengura ry’icyaha cya Jenoside muri rusange y’iyakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda muri
1994 by’umwihariko bimaze igihe. Igice gikurikira gikubiyemo ibisobanuro bijyanye n’inyito
z’amagambo. Igisobanuro cy’ijambo Jenoside ni kirekire kandi gisaba ubushishozi ngo umuntu
agicengere.
2.1. Igisobanuro cy’ijambo “Jenoside”
Iki gice gikubiyemo inyito z’amagambo y’ingenzi akoreshwa kuri Jenoside hamwe n’incamake
y’ibyanditswe kuri Jenoside muri rusange ndetse no kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda
ku buryo bw’umwihariko. Mu gutangira, ni ngombwa kwibutsa ko Jenoside ari ijambo
ry’inyunge ryahanzwe muri 1944 n’umucamanza w’umunyamerika witwa Raphaël Lemkin
wakomokaga muri Pologne. Yifashishije ijambo ry’ikigereki genos rivuga ubwoko cyangwa
inkomoko, hamwe n’iry’ikiratini cãedere risobanura kwica. Lemkin ahanga iri jambo yashakaga
kwerekana itandukaniro riri hagati ya Jenoside n’ibindi byaha ndengakamere byibasira
inyokomuntu (Crimes contre l’Humanité).
Icyi cyaha gishingiye ku mugambi wo kurimbura burundu abantu bo mu bwoko ubu n’ubu, bo
mw’idini iri n’iri cyangwa batuye ahantu runaka. Inyito, igisobanuro n’ibigize icyaha cya
Jenoside byemejwe n’Inteko Rusange y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye yateranye mu Kuboza 1948 5.
Mu Rwanda, Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside (CNLG) yatanze igisobanuro cya
Jenoside gikurikira:
Jenoside ni umugambi ukurikiwe n’ibikorwa bigamije kurimbura igice kimwe cy’abaturage
cyangwa abaturage bose, bishingiye ku mpamvu z’ubwenegihugu, z’ubwoko, ibara ry’uruhu,
cyangwa se idini. Ibyo bikorwa ni ibi : kwica abantu b’itsinda rimwe (group); gukomeretsa
bikabije imibiri cyangwa ibitekerezo by’abantu b’itsinda rimwe (group); gushyira abantu
b’itsinda rimwe mu buzima bubi (conditions) ubigendereye, ugamije ko barimbuka bose cyangwa
5
Amasezerano Mpuzamahanga y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ku Ikumira ry’Icyaha cya Jenoside, (1948), p.1
9
igice cyabo; gushyiraho uburyo bubuza iryo tsinda kubyara; kwambura iri tsinda abana babo
bagahabwa irindi ridafite aho bahuriye 6.
Muri Jenoside nta bwo abantu bicwa bazira ko bari ku rugamba cyangwa ngo bahorwe ibindi
byaha bakoze. Bazira gusa icyo bari cyo. Mu by’ukuri, abakora Jenoside ni bo bagena ibiranga
abo bashaka kurimbura. Jenoside yose irategurwa; ntipfa kubaho. Igira umurongo mugari
igenderaho uhuza abasangiye icyerekezo kimwe cyo gukora Jenoside. Uwo murongo mugari ni
wo bita ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside. Isakazwa mu bantu benshi, ikagira imbaraga maze abantu
bakayigenderaho bakemera kuyikora. Irigishwa ikanakwirakwizwa n’ubutegetsi bubi buba
bugamije kurimbura igice kimwe cy’abaturage babwo.
Ijambo ‘ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside’ ryinjiye mu mvugo y’Abanyarwanda nyuma ya 1994.
Rikubiyemo umugambi wo kumva uko abantu batabarika bishwe bazira ubwoko bwabo no
gusobanukirwa ukuntu abandi bantu benshi bemeye umugambi w’ubwicanyi no kuwushyira mu
bikorwa. Iryo jambo rikoreshwa hagamijwe guhamagarira abantu ngo bikingire kandi
bitandukanye n’ibitekerezo, imyifatire cyangwa ibikorwa bishobora guhembera Jenoside 7.
Nk’uko tubisoma mu itegeko ryerekeye icyaha cy'ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside n'ibindi byaha
bifitanye isano na yo, umuntu ukorera mu ruhame igikorwa, byaba mu magambo, mu nyandiko,
mu mashusho cyangwa ku bundi buryo, kigaragaza imitekerereze yimakaza cyangwa ishyigikira
kurimbura abantu bose cyangwa bamwe muri bo bahuriye ku bwenegihugu, ubwoko, ibara
ry’uruhu cyangwa ku idini aba akoze icyaha 8.
Mu magambo ahinnye, “ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside” ni ikomatanyo ry’ibitekerezo
n’imyumvire bifatirwaho kugira ngo abantu bicemo ibice kandi bemere ko kwica ari uburyo
bwemewe bwo gukemura ibibazo. Mu buryo bwagutse, ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside
ikubiyemo gutsimbarara no gushyigikira ibitekerezo by’amacakubiri y’amoko; kwanga no
gushaka kuburizamo umugambi w’ubumwe n’ubwiyunge; gukoresha ubwoko nk’iturufu yo
6
7
8
Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na Bizimana Jean Damascène, Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa wa CNLG muri Kaminuza
Yigenga ya Kibungo (UNIK), kuwa 17 Werurwe 2017
Bizimana, J. D. (2014), Inzira ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, Kigali, CNLG, p.3
Repuburika y’u Rwanda, (2013), Itegeko nº 59/2018 ryo kuwa 22/8/2018 ryerekeranye n’icyaha
cy’ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside n’ibyaha bifitanye isano na yo, In Igazeti ya Repuburika y’u Rwanda,
Kigali, Primature.
10
kwangisha ubuyobozi buriho hagamijwe kubusimbuza ubushingiye ku mahame ya Revolusiyo yo
muri 1959; guhakana no gupfobya Jenoside, gutoteza, kugirira nabi abacitse ku icumu
n’abatangabuhamya no gusibanganya ibimenyetso bya Jenoside 9.
2.2. Itandukaniro hagati ya Jenoside, ibyaha byo mu ntambara n’ibindi byaha byibasira
inyokomuntu
Jenoside, ibyaha byo mu ntambara n’ibyaha byibasira inyokomuntu biratandukanye, n’ubwo
bishobora guhurira ku bintu bimwe na bimwe. Intego y’intambara iba ari ugutsinda kw’uruhande
rumwe mu ziba zihanganye. Intambara igira amategeko ayigenga utayubahirije akaba
yabihanirwa. Urugero ushyize intwaro hasi ntiyicwa nk’uko Amasezerano Mpuzamahanga
Agenga Intambara yashyiriweho umukono i Génève muwa 1948 abisobanura.
Jenoside iba igamije kurimbura abibasirwa kugira ngo ntihasigare n’uwo kubara inkuru. Nta bwo
abantu barimburwa muri Jenoside bazira ko bari ku rugamba cyangwa ngo bahorwe ibindi byaha.
Bazira uko bavutse. Abakora Jenoside ni bo bashyiraho ibiranga abo bashaka kurimbura (ni
ukuvuga ubwoko, idini, akarere, ubwenegihugu, etc). Nta mategeko agenga Jenoside; abayikora
nta kibakoma imbere. Nta n’ubwo batanga imbabazi.
Intambara igira imfungwa z’intambara, Jenoside iba igamije kumaraho itsinda runaka, ntigira
imfungwa. Mu ntambara birabujijwe kwibasira abaturage basanzwe, by’umwihariko abana,
abagore, abasaza, abarwayi, abamugaye. Jenoside yibasira abagize itsinda runaka igamije
kubamaraho bose nta we isize inyuma. Jenoside itandukanye n’ibyaha byo mu ntambara kuko
ibyo byaha biba bikomoka kuri iyo ntambara, mu gihe abicwa muri Jenoside bo baba bazira uko
baremwe. Gusa na none, ubushakashatsi butandukanye bwerekanye ko akenshi abakora Jenoside
bakunda kwikinga mu kiza cy’intambara kuko ari bwo biborohera kuyishyira mu bikorwa 10.
2.2. Umwihariko wa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda
Bimwe mu byaranze ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ni ibi bikurikira:
9
10
CNLG, (2015), Gusobanukirwa Jenoside, Kigali, CNLG.
Urugero ni Jenoside yakorewe Abayahudi yabaye mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y’isi yose yabaye hagati ya 1939-1945
11
2.2.1. Ubwicanyi ndengakamere bwakozwe mu gihe gito cyane
Mu ijoro ryo kuwa 6 Mata 1994, indege y’uwari Perezida Juvénal Habyarimana ikimara kuraswa,
bariyeri zahise zishingwa hirya no hino uhereye mu Mujyi wa Kigali. Abantu bicishwaga
imihoro, ubuhiri buteyemo imisumari, amashoka, ibyuma, ibibando, za gerenade, imbunda,
n’ibindi. Ubwicanyi bw’abantu benshi bwahise bwibasira za kiriziya, ibitaro, inzu z’ubutegetsi,
amashuri no mu giturage hose. Abatutsi bacukuzwaga ibyobo binini maze bakabajugunyamo ari
bazima. Abenshi bahungiye muri za kiriziya, batewemo za gerenade zibica nabi, zibatanyagura
ibihimba by’umubiri nkuko byagenze i Nyarubuye, Nyamata, Ntarama, Cyahinda n’ahandi.
Abicanyi binjiragamo, bagasonga inkomere, bakoresheje imipanga, ibyuma, amacumu, amashoka
yo gutema amajosi n’ibindi bihimba by’umubiri maze abadahise bapfa, bagasigara aho
basambagurika. Nyuma yo gukomeretswa cyane abenshi bajugunywe mu migezi n’ahandi.
Jenoside yagombaga gukorwa ku buryo nta n’umwe wagombaga kuyirokoka. Kubera iyo
mpamvu, imirima, amashyamba, ibishanga n’imisozi byarajagajazwe kugira ngo abihishemo
bavumburwe maze bicwe.
2.2.2. Umubare munini w’abazize Jenoside n’abayikoze
Mu 1996, Minisiteri y’Amashuri Makuru n’Ubushakashatsi mu by’Ubuhanga yatangaje raporo
y’ahantu rusange Abatutsi biciwe mu gihugu hose inagaragaza umubare w’abishwe, abagize
uruhare mu bwicanyi, amazina y’abacitse ku icumu n’abatangabuhamya kimwe n’abagerageje
kurwana kubicwaga11. Iyi raporo yarifashishijwe cyane mu gukora izindi raporo n’ubushakashatsi
hirya no hino mu gihugu kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Imibare yavuye mu ibarura ryakozwe
na Minisiteri y’Ubutegetsi bw’Igihugu (MINALOC) muri 2004 yerekana ko abazize Jenoside
yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 ari miriyoni imwe n’ibihumbi mirongo irindwi na bine na cumin a
barindwi (1,074,017) bishwe mu mezi atatu gusa12; na ho mu cyegeranyo cyatanzwe n’Urwego
rw’Igihugu Rushinzwe Inkiko Gacaca (SNJG) ku musozo w’imirimo yarwo muri 2012,
rwatangaje ko umubare w’abagize uruhare mu bikorwa byo kwica, gusenya no gusahura ungana
na miriyoni n’ibihumbi magana abiri (1,200,000). Iyi mibare irerekana ishusho y’uburemere
11
MINESUPRES, Rapport préliminaire d’identification des sites du génocide et des massacres d’avril-juillet 1994,
Kigali, Février 1996
12
MINALOC, Dénombrement des victimes du Génocide, rapport final, Kigali, 2004
12
bw’ingaruka Jenoside yasize ku muryango nyarwanda muri rusange no ku bayirokotse
by’umwihariko.
Muri komini ya Nyarugenge by’umwihariko, raporo ku bushakashatsi bwakozwe na MINALOC
twavuze haruguru igaragaza ko muri iyi komini havugwa ko hishwe Abatutsi ibihumbi mirongo
ine na bitanu na Magana atanu na mirongo itatu na batandatu (45,5336) ariko ababashije
kubarurwa bakanatangwaho amakuru y’ingenzi bakaba ari ibihumbi mirongo itatu na birindwi na
arindwi mirongo irindwi (37770)13.
2.2.3. Gusenyuka gukomeye kw’umuryango nyarwanda
Nk’uko byanditswe na Servilien Sebasoni (2000), Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yashenye
umuryango nyarwanda mu mfatiro zose z’ubuzima: ubuntu, imibereho n’imibanire. Ubuzima
bwateshejwe agaciro abantu benshi b’inzirakarengane barabwamburwa. Umuryango nyarwanda
watakaje ubumuntu mu buryo bwinshi. Abicwaga bambuwe agaciro n’ubumuntu n’ababicaga
batabafitiye
impuhwe.
Aba
nabo
biyambuye
imyitwarire
iranga
umuntu
bambara
iy’ubunyamaswa mu gihe bicaga urubozo abo bari babanye igihe kirekire, bari barashakanye
cyangwa bari basangiye ubuzima.
Ikigo Nyarwanda Kigamije Gukora Ubushakashatsi n’Ibiganiro Bigamije Amahoro (IRDP)
cyakoze isesengura ku mpamvu zatumye Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ishoboka ku gipimo cyo
hejuru. Uretse kuba abishwe n’abicanyi bari basangiye byose, harimo n’ibi bikurikira:
indangamuntu zarimo ubwoko zatumaga byoroha kumenya Abatutsi bicwa hirya no hino; umuco
wo kudahana wimakajwe guhera mu myaka ya 1960; imiterere y’inzego z’ubutegetsi bwite bwa
Leta n’ubw’ishyaka rya MRND zatumaga byoroha gutanga amabwiriza kandi agakurikizwa kuva
hejuru kugeza hasi. Hari umuco wo kubaha abategetsi buhumyi watumye benshi bari urubyiruko
n’injiji bitabira ubwicanyi, cyane ko bari babemereye gusahura iby’abishwe nta nkurikizi;
gutegura abicanyi mu mutwe mu gihe kirekire no kugira umugambi wa Jenoside ibanga
rikomeye; gushyiraho za bariyeri hirya no hino; uburyo bw’imiturire butuma abantu baba
baziranye cyane; icyizere n’uruhwiko Abatutsi bagize Jenoside itangiye aho bibwiye ko ari
nk’ubwicanyi bwari bwarabanje bukabasiga, cyane ko n’Amasezerano y’Amahoro ya Arusha
13
MINALOC, Dénombrement des victims du Génocide, rapport final, ville de Kigali, Kigali, Novembre 2002, p.19
13
yari yaramaze gusinywa. Hari na none uruhare rw’itangazamakuru n’imyifatire idahwitse
y’umuryango mpuzamahanga.
2.2.4. Jenoside yakozwe n’Abanyarwanda, ikorerwa Abanyarwanda kandi inahagarikwa
n’Abanyarwanda
N’ubwo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 yakozwe n’Abanyarwanda bayikorera bagenzi
babo, yanahagaritswe n’Abanyarwanda bari bibumbiye mu Muryango wa FPR-Inkotanyi14.
Ingabo za FPR-Inkotanyi zimaze kubona ko inzego za Guverinoma y’inzibacyuho yiyise
iy’Abatabazi zikajije umurego mu kwica abaturage cyane cyane uhereye tariki ya 9 Mata 1994,
yasubukuye urugamba igamije kurokora abicwaga. Yarwaniraga kandi gutabara ingabo zayo zari
zikubiwe i Kigali muri CND, gusenya ubushobozi bw’Interahamwe n’ingabo za Leta zakoraga
ubwicanyi hamwe no kugarura ituze n’amategeko.
Abasirikare ba FPR-Inkotanyi barokoye abantu ibihumbi n’ibihumbi uko bagendaga barwana.
Bahagaritse Jenoside nyuma y’intsinzi ya gisirikare. Mu gihe Jenoside yabaga, abayikoraga
n’ababakingiye ikibaba bakoraga ibishoboka ngo bahishe ibyabaye. Intumwa za FPR
zazengurutse imijyi myinshi y’Afurika, iy’Uburayi n’iy’Amerika y’amajyaruguru zisobanura uko
ibyabaga mu Rwanda ari Jenoside banasaba ko hashyirwaho urukiko mpuzamahanga rwo guhana
abayiteguye bakanayishyira mu bikorwa. FPR kandi yegeranyije ubuhamya n’ibindi bimenyetso
bya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi kugira ngo bizafashe mu kumenya ukuri ku byabaye byose.
2.2.5. Ukwemerwa kwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda
Mu bihe bisanzwe, umuntu wafata icyo cyemezo cyo gukora Jenoside Leta itabishyigikiye
yamuhagarika, ikarengera abaturage ishinzwe kurinda. Jenoside ni icyaha kidasaza kandi
gihanirwa aho ari ho hose ku isi. Mu Gushyingo 1994, Umuryango w’Abibumbye wemeje ko
ibyaha by’ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda ari Jenoside, unafata Icyemezo Nomero
955 cyo gushyiraho Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha (ICTR) rukurikirana abakekwaho
ibyaha bya Jenoside. Uru rukiko mpuzamahanga, ruri mu nzego zihuza ibihugu zatumye Jenoside
yakorewe Abatutsi yemerwa ku buryo budasubirwaho. Bitewe nuko abashinjwaga Jenoside
14
Byanafashe, D. & Rutayisire, P. (2011), Amateka y’u Rwanda. Kuva mu ntangiriro kugeza mu kinyejana
cya 20, CNUR, pp. 558-600
14
bananizaga uru rukiko baburana urwa ndanze, muw’2006, rwafashe umwanzuro ko nta
muburanyi numwe uzongera guhakana ko Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi15.
U Rwanda na rwo rwashyizeho ingereko zihariye zo kuburanisha ibyaha bya Jenoside
n’ibyibasiye inyoko muntu byakozwe kuva mu Kwakira 1990 kugeza mu Kuboza 1994.
By’umwihariko, inkiko Gacaca zaciye imanza za Jenoside miriyoni imwe ibihumbi Magana
cyenda mirongo itanu n’umunani na magana atandatu na mirongo itatu n’enye ( 1, 958,634) hagati
ya 2001-201216, zifasha kumenya ukuri kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi no kongera kunga
umuryango nyarwanda17. Muri iyi myaka makumyabiri n’itandatu ishize kandi, niko imvugo kuri
Jenoside yakorewe yagiye inozwa kurushaho. Mu gihe ibihugu byinshi bavugaga Jenoside
nyarwanda (Rwandan Genocide, Génocide rwandais) muri Mutarama 2017, Umuryango
w’Abibumbye wemeje ko mu mvugo hagaragazwa abo Jenoside yari igambiriye kurimbura kandi
bigashyirwa mu bikorwa aribo”Abatutsi” 18.
15
https://unictr.irmct.org/en/news/ictr-appeals-chamber-takes-judicial-notice-genocide-rwanda, byasomwe kuri
murandasi, kuwa 17 Nzeri 2019
16
http://www.minijust.gov.rw/fileadmin/_migrated/content_uploads/Gacaca_courts_in_Rwanda.pdf,
p.261,
byarebwe kuri murandasi kuwa 19 Nzeri 2019
17
18
SNJG, (2012), Raporo isoza imirimo y’Inkiko Gacaca, Kigali, SNJG, p.3
https://www.un.org/press/en/2018/ga12000.doc.htm, byasomwe kuri murandasi kuwa 16 Nzeri 2019
15
UMUTWE
WA
GATATU:
IMIBEREHO
Y’ABATUTSI
MU
KARERE
KA
NYARUGENGE GUHERA 1959 KUGERA KURI JENOSIDE
3.1. Amateka y’Akarere ka Nyarugenge
Guhera u Rwanda rumaze kubona ubwigenge kugera kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994,
inzego nkuru z’igihugu zari ziri muri komini ya Nyarugenge: perezidansi ya Repubulika, inzego
z’umutekano, ishuri rikuru rya gisrikare, iz’iperereza, amaradiyo, ubuyobozi bw’umujyi wa
Kigali, n’ibindi. Ibi byose byatumye Nyarugenge igira umwihariko muri politiki y’igihugu
ugereranyije n’izindi komini. Ni ho imigambi y’ubukangurambaga bwo kurimbura Abatutsi
yacurirwaga. Ni na ho kandi ibikorwa byose byo muri urwo rwego byahurizwaga. Ni yo mpamvu
ari ngombwa kumenya amavu n’amavuko y’iyi komini, abayiyoboye, uruhare abayobozi bayo
kuva kuri komini kugera ku nzego z’ibanze bagize muri Jenoside kimwe n’abandi bayobozi
bakuru b’igihugu bishoye mu bwicanyi muri Nyarugenge
3.1.1. Amavu n’amavuko ya Komini ya Nyarugenge
Akarere ka Nyarugenge ni kamwe mu turere dutatu tugize Umujyi wa Kigali 19. Ibiro byako
byubatse ku musozi wa Nyarugenge ufite ubutumburuke bwa 1380m n’umurambararo wa
1560m20. Uturutse mu burasirazuba bw’amajyepfo ugana mu burengerazuba bw’amajyaruguru,
wicaye ku misozi ikurikira: Rugunga, Kiyovu, Muhima, Gitega hamwe na Nyamirambo iri mu
mutwe wawo.
Nyarugenge ifite amateka maremare mu miyoberere y’u Rwanda, cyane cyane guhera mu 1907
ubwo Abadage bayubakagaho icyicaro cy’ubutegetsi bwabo bwa gikoloni mu Rwanda. Cyokora
aho kugira ngo uwo murwa mushya witirirwe uwo musozi, Abadage bahisemo kuwita Kigali,
umusozi muremure uherereye mu burengerazuba bwa Nyarugenge 21. Bityo n’ubu umurwa w’u
Rwanda ukaba witwa Kigali nyamara ibikorwa-fatizo biwutangiza bikaba byaraturutse i
Nyarugenge. Abadage bavuga ko bahisemo uwo musozi wa Nyarugenge kubera impamvu ebyiri
19
Repuburika y’u Rwanda, (2013), Itegeko N0 87/2013 ryo kuwa 11/9/2013 rigena imitunganyirize n’imikorere
y’inzego z’igihugu zegerejwe abaturage, in Igazeti ya Repuburika y’u Rwanda, Kigali, Primature.
20
Ephraim Ndangamira, Kigali, Ville et capitale du Rwanda, 1907-1962. Les aléas historiques d’une urbanisation,
Mémoire de Licence, Ruhengeri, 1986, p. 8
21
Idem, p. 42
16
nibura. Iya mbere ni uko uri hafi y’umusozi wa Kigali aho umwami w’u Rwanda yari afite umwe
mu mirwa ye ikomeye. Bityo Dr. Richard Kandt wari uhagarariye ubutegetsi bw’Ubudage mu
kuyobora u Rwanda yiyumvishaga ko ubwo Kigali yari hafi ye bizajya bimworohera kubonana
n’Umwami mu gihe yaba aje kuharambagira. Ikindi ni imiterere y’umusozi wa Nyarugenge
urambuye ukaba woroshye kuwubakaho ugereranyije n’indi iwukikije 22. Iki gitekerezo kikaba
cyarahitaga giha amahirwe make umusozi wa Kigali nyirizina.
Mu 1916 Ababiligi birukanye Abadage mu Rwanda mu ntambara ya mbeye y’isi yose. Mu
ivugurura ry’imitegekere bakoze ahagana mu 1930, umusozi wa Nyarugenge wabaye susheferi
kugera aho hagiriyeho za komini mu Rwanda mu 1960. Bitewe n’uko Nyarugenge yari igizwe
n’ibikorwa by’ubukoloni, abaturage b’Abanyarwanda bari muri iyo susheferi bari bake
ugereranyije n’ahandi. Raporo yo kuwa 31 Ukuboza 1959 igaragaza ko Nyarugenge yari ituwe
n’abaturage bageze mu myaka yo gutanga umusoro kandi badafite ubumuga bangana na 924
(Hommes adultes et valides, HAV) n’inka 371. Nyamara izindi susheferi zari zituwe kurushaho
kandi zifite n’inka nyinshi. Nka susheferi ya Kigali yari ifite abaturage bari muri urwo rwego
rw’abasoreshwa bangana na 1.534. Ni na yo yari ituwe kurusha izindi muri sheferi ya
Bwanacyambwe yose. Na ho susheferi ya Rutunga yari ifite abo baturage bangana na 1.251 ikaba
yari ku isonga mu kugira inka nyinshi. Zanganaga na 3.27123. Ikindi ni uko usanga susheferi ya
Nyarugenge yari nto, kuko aho izindi zabaga zigizwe n’imirenge nibura itatu, yo yari igizwe
n’umwe gusa ari wo Nyarugenge. Kugera mu mpera za 1959, susheferi ya Nyarugenge
yatwarwaga na Nkeramugaba. Biturutse ku mvururu zibasiye Abatutsi muri icyo gihe, mu mpera
za Mata 1960, Nkeramugaba yasimbuwe by’agateganyo na Jean Kabahizi.
Mu ishyirwaho y’u rwego rw’ubutegetsi rwa komini mu 1960, susheferi ya Nyarugenge
yagabanyijwemo komini ebyiri. Imwe yitwa iya Nyarugenge iyoborwa na Jean Kabahizi
wakomokaga mu ishyaka rya Parmehutu indi yitwa Kigali-Centre Urbain (CU). Yayobowe na E.
22
Ibidem
Henri Guillaume au Ministre du Congo belge et du Ruanda-Urundi, Usumbura, (document entré au Ministère le 77-1960, «Carte politique et liste des circonscriptions et des autorités coutumières au 31/12/1959», Ministère belge
des Affaires administratives et de la Coopération, Archives Africaines, A40.
23
17
de Borchgrave wari uturutse mu ishyirahamwe rya Intercommunaux 24. Iyo Komini ya Kigali yari
ituwe n’Ababiligi gusa. Yatorewe kuyoborwa n’Umubiligi kuko ubutegetsi bwa gikoloni nubwo
bwari bugeze mu marembera ntibwifuzaga ko abakiri mu nzego zabwo z’ubuyobozi bayoborwa
n’Umunyarwanda kandi ntibashaka kugendera ku mategeko n’imiyoborere yarimo gushyirwaho
muri icyo gihe u Rwanda rwiteguraga kwigenga. Ahandi hagiyeho komini nk’iyo ni ku Gisenyi
na Astrida.
U Rwanda rumaze kubona ubwigenge mu 1962 rwavuguruye izo inzego z’ubuyobozi zari zimaze
gushyirwaho n’Ababiligi mu rwego rwo kuruganisha ku bwigenge. Iryo vugurura ryashyizwe mu
bikorwa mu 1963. Icyo gihe komini ya Nyarugenge yahujwe n’iya Kigali-Centre Urbain bibyara
Komini ya Kiyovu25. Jean Kabahizi ni we wakomeje kuyiyobora. Uyu Kabahizi yaje gusimburwa
na Stanislas Ruberangondo wayoboye Komini ya Kiyovu kugera 1975. Muri uwo mwaka habaye
irindi ruvugura ariko ritakwiriye igihugu cyose, hashyirwaho Komini ya Butamwa na ho Komini
ya Kiyovu iragurwa yitwa Komini y’Umujyi ya Nyarugenge.
Guhera icyo gihe kugera mu 1990 iyo komini yari igizwe na segiteri icumi (10) ari yo
Nyarugenge, Muhima, Kimisange, Gikondo, Rugenge, Kacyiru, Kimihurura, Kimisagara,
Nyamirambo, Nyakabanda, Cyahafi, Biryogo na Gitega 26. Muri iyo myaka Komini ya
Nyarugenge yayobowe na Burugumesitiri François Karera turi buze kugarukaho nyuma. Aho
Umujyi wa Kigali ugiriyeho, Segiteri ya Gikondo n’iya Kimisange zahohoze muri Komini ya
Nyarugenge zashyizwe muri Komini nshya ya Kicukiro naho Segiteri ya Kacyiru na Kimihurura
zomekwa kuri Komini ya Kacyiru nayo yari igiyeho icyo gihe 27.
24
Bureau de l’information de la Résidence du Ruanda, Liste des chefs et sous-chefs du Rwanda arrêtée à fin avril
1960, Ministère belge des Affaires admnistratives et de la Cooperation, Archives Africaines, A61 Microfilm R.U1,
720.1.4 Refugies rwandais 1960, film 17
25
Repubulika y’u Rwanda, Itegeko ryo kuwa 23 novembre 1963 ryerekeye imitegerekere ya komini.
26
Karera François, Burugumesitiri, kuri Bwana Prefe wa Prefegitura Kigali, Impamvu: Imikorere y’abapolisi,
Nyarugenge, le 23/02/1988
27
Repubulika y’u Rwanda, Itegeko n° 29/90 ryo kuwa 28 Gicurasi, 1990 rihindura kandi ryuzuza Itegeko ryo kuwa
15 Aprili 1963 ryerekeye imitegekere y’Igihugu cya Repubulika y’u Rwanda n’Itegeko n° 35/90 ryo kuwa 22 Kamena
1990, rishyiraho imitegekere ya Prefegitura y’umujyi wa Kigali
18
3.1.2. Imiturire y’Abaturage muri Komini ya Nyarugenge
Isesengura ryakozwe na Gasamagera Wellars 28 ku miturire mu Mujyi wa Kigali uko imyaka
yagiye yigira imbere rituma umuntu yahamya ko yatumye Jenoside ishoboka mu buryo umuntu
yakwita ubutaziguye. Ahamya ko mu guhitamo aho umuntu atura akenshi agendera ku bintu
bitandukanye cyane cyane kuba ahasanga umuntu/abantu b’iwabo cyangwa se bakorana. Uduce
(Quartiers) twinshi twa Nyarugenge ni bwo buryo twakuzemo. Tubihuje n’amoko y’Abahutu
n’Abatutsi, akenshi wasangaga hariho uduce twiganjemo ubwoko ubu n’ubu, Ingero:
Nyakabanda, Mumena na Kivugiza zari ziganjemo Abatutsi mu gihe za Gatenga na Gikondo zari
ziganjemo Abahutu bakoraga cyane cyane muri MAGERWA no mu nganda z’ahitwaga mu
gishanga i Gikondo. Hari ibice wasangaga higanjemo abakomoka aha n’aha, urugero nka
Gikongoro, Cyangugu, Byumba n’ahandi. Muri rusange ibyo byikoze mu buryo bwabyo nta we
ubigizemo uruhare (Phénomène naturel) kuko abantu baba bishakisha. Gusa ku gihe
cy’ubutegetsi bwa Habyarimana hari ubwo bigeze guha ibibanza abakoraga muri perezidansi, ba
maneko n’abo mu iperereza ahitwa ku Ntaraga maze batura basa n’abakikije ingo zari
zihasanzwe zari ziganjemo Abatutsi. Ntawahamya ko icyari kigenderewe ari ugutegura Jenoside,
ariko na none abo batujwe nyuma bavutsemo intagondwa n’Interahamwe zikomeye zafatanyije
n’abasirikari mu kurimbura Abatutsi muri Mata 1994.
Nyuma y’itangira ry’urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu mu Kwakira 1990 n’inkubiri y’amashyaka
menshi muri 1991, ubutegetsi bwakoresheje iyo miterere n’imyunvire yari mu bantu maze
bashinga udutsiko tw’interahamwe n’intagondwa zishingiye ku bwoko n’uturere maze
babacengezamo amacakubiri n’urwango bigamije gukora Jenoside. Ku rundi ruhande, uduce
twari dutuwe n’Abatutsi benshi na two byaroroshye kutujagajaga bafata ibyitso ndetse no mu
gukora intonde zifashishijwe muri Jenoside mu kubahiga. N’ubwo ubusanzwe mu Mujyi buri
wese aba akurikirana ibye, umugambi wa Jenoside wakunze kubera urwango ku Batutsi rwari
rwarakwijwe hose, indangamuntu zarimo ubwoko kandi buri wese ategetswe kuyerekana,
kumenya aho abahigwa batuye bityo bikoroha gushyiraho za bariyeri zibabuza guhunga,
gushinga Interahamwe zituruka muri buri gace zari zaratojwe ubwicanyi zinahabwa intwaro,
kandi zari zizi buri wese.
28
Ikiganiro twagiranye na Gasamagera Wellars, Kigali, Gashyantare 2019
19
3.1.3. Amateka n’imibereho y’Abatutsi mu Mujyi wa Kigali mbere ya 195929
Abakoloni b’Abadage bategetse u Rwanda guhera mpera z’ikinyejana cya 19; mu mwaka wa
1907 Dr Richard Kandt ashinga umurwa mukuru w’u Rwanda i Kigali. Nyuma yo gutsindwa
kw’Abadage muri 1918, ubutegetsi bw’u Rwanda bwashyizwe mu maboko y’Abakoloni
b’Ababirigi bari mu rugaga rw’ibihugu byari bimaze gutsinda intambara. Imitegekere
yarahindutse kubera ko mu gihe Abadage bashakaga gufatanya n’abatware n’umwami basanze,
bakagenda bahindura ibintu gahoro gahoro (Indirect rule), abakoloni b’Ababirigi bo bashatse
guhindura ibyariho byose bakazana ibishya. Guhera muri 1925 mu Rwanda bakoze amavugurura
menshi agamije gushimangira ubukoloni no kugabanya imbaraga n’ububasha by’umwami
n’abatware be. Twibutse ko muri icyo gihe u Rwanda n’u Burundi byari bigifatanye mu cyitwaga
Teritwari ya Ruanda-Urundi cyari gifite umurwa mukuru Usumbura yaje kwitwa Bujumbura
nyuma yaho. By’umwihariko, muri 1925 ni bwo Kigali yemejwe nk’icyicaro (Résidence) cya
Ruanda, nyuma y’impaka ndende za bamwe bashakaga ko icyo cyicaro gishyirwa Bishenyi
cyangwa Nyanza hafi y’ibwami. Icyo gihe Rwanda yategekwaga n’uwitwa Résident wabaga
Kigali. Usumbura ni yo yari ifite ibikorwaremezo bigezweho bicumbikiye inzego zose
z’ubutegetsi n’iza gisirikari.
Hari inyandiko zivuga ko mu myaka ya 1955 hariho igitekerezo cyo guha Kigali sitati y’Umujyi
ikamera nk’indi mijyi yari muri Kongo mbiligi yari iteye imbere. Muri icyo guhe kandi ni bwo
Umwami Rudahigwa yari ahanganye n’abakoloni b’Ababiligi nyuma yo gukuraho ubuhake muri
1954 mu rwego rwo guca ubusumbane bukabije bwari mu Banyarwanda no gusaba ku
mugaragaro ko bategura guha u Rwanda ubwigenge bagasubira iwabo. Ibyo gusaba ubwigenge
bwihuse bigomba kuba bitarabashimishije n’ibyo kubaka Kigali ikaba umujyi bigenda biguru
ntege.
Guhera muri 1957 u Rwanda rwinjiye mu bihe bigoye bya politiki, ubwo ku itariki ya 24
Werurwe muri uwo mwaka, itsinda ry’Abanyabwenge b’Abahutu bandikaga icyiswe “Manifeste
des Bahutu” yarimo ko ikibazo cyari Hutu/Tutsi aho kuba icy’ubusumbane n’igitugu byaterwaga
29
Ibitekerezo byinshi bikubiye muri iyi nyandiko byavuye mu buhamya bwa Gervais Dusabemungu yatangiye ku
Ruyenzi muri Gashyantare 2019
20
n’ubukoloni butagiriraga impuhwe Abanyarwanda bose 30. Nyuma yaho hakurikiyeho umwuka
mubi wa politiki. Ku itariki ya 25 Nyakanga 1959 Umwami Rudahigwa aratanga, muri Nzeri
haduka amashyaka ya politiki afite imyumvire n’imigambi ihabanye cyane, aho UNAR yasabaga
ubwigenge bwihuse no kugenda kw’abakoloni, APROSOMA na Parmehutu bashyigikiye
ivanwaho ry’ubwami no kwigarurira ubutegetsi. Abakoloni bashyigikiye Parmehutu maze ku
itariki 3 Ugushyingo 1959 mu Rwanda hatangira icyiswe revosiriyo sosiyari yaranzwe
n’urugomo n’ubwicanyi byibasiye ku buryo bukomeye Abatutsi bose. Abatarishwe bahungiye
mu mahanga, umwami mushya Kigeli Ndahindurwa acirwa ishyanga maze igihugu kiyoboka
inzira ya repuburika na demokarasi ishingiye kuri rubanda nyamwinshi y’Abahutu31. Abakoloni
barayishyigikiye ku buryo bugaragara kandi bamwe mu bitabo banditse barabyemera 32.
Tugarutse ku miturire n’imibanire y’abari muri Kigali mbere ya 1959, dusanga Abanyarwanda
b’icyo gihe bari bigabanyijemo ibice bitatu bikurikira:
1. Ku gasozi ka Nyarugenge hari amazu y’Abakoloni, ahitwaga «Quartier des Astridiens».
Urebye ni ahahoze gare abagenzi bategeragamo imodoka imbere yo Kwa Rubangura.
Yashinzwe ahagana mu 1925 ikaba yari ituwemo n’abakozi b’ubutegetsi bwa Leta mbiligi
bari barize muri Shariti i Astrida. Bakoraga imirimo yo kubwunganira (Auxiliaires)
bakitwa aba “Evolués”;
2. Ahitwaga Cité indigène mu Kiyovu hari hatandukanyijwe n’aho abazungu bari batuye
n’igiharabuge;
3. Agace ka Biryogo hari inkambi ya gisirikare hanatuye Abasilamu mu gace bitaga
Quartier Swahili. Iyo nkambi yari nk’ingabo yakingiraga abazungu bari batuye ku
murambi wa Nyarugenge kubera urwikekwe, ivangura n’agasuzuguro bari bafitiye
Abayisilamu.
4. Indi Cité indigène yari i Nyamirambo ahitwa ubu mu Ibereshi yashinzwe mu 1949.
30
Josias Semujanga (2010). Le Manifeste des Bahutu et la diffusion de l'idéologie de la haine au Rwanda (19572007), Éditions de l'Université Nationale du Rwanda, Butare, p.74
31
Faustin, Rutembesa, « L’administration belge et le parti Union Nationale Rwandaise (UNAR). Repérage des
mécanismes d’ethnisation de la vie politique au Rwanda (1959-1961) », in : Deo Byanafashe, Les défis de
l’historiographie rwandaise. T2 : La « révolution de 1959, mythe ou réalité ? » Éditions de l’Université Nationale
du Rwanda, p.18
32
Logiest, G., (1988). Mission au Rwanda: Un blanc dans la bagarre Tutsi-Hutu, Bruxelles, Didier Hatier
21
Imiterere y’ivangura mu muturire igaragajwe haruguru irerekana ubusumbane bwari mu baturage
ba Kigali, aho abakoloni banenaga abirabura bikomeye aho bakoreshaga bake mu batware
(ibirongozi) mu gutanga amabwiriza no kugenzura ko yubahirizwa. Gusa rero, ubusumbane
n’ikandamizwa byakorerwaga Abahutu n’Abatutsi ku buryo bumwe.
Umusaza Seburengo Abdul Karimu 33 wavutse muri 1944 agatura i Nyamirambo kugeza n’ubu
asobanura uko Kigali yatuwe, ababigizemo uruhare n’uko amacakubiri ashingiye ku moko
n’amashyaka yadutse muri 1959. Igice cya Biryogo na Nyamirambo cyatuwe n’Abayisiramu
bakunze kubana n’ubwami kuva kera kandi abaje mbere bari abanyamahanga. Baje baherekeje
abadage babatwaje imizigo yabo. Abaturutse Tanzaniya bageze mu Rwanda bahise batura ahitwa
ku Matongo ari ho ku musigiti wo mu Mujyi (Munsi y’ahahoze Iposita hari abavunjayi). Umuntu
yavuga ko ari bo bashinze umujyi wa mbere. Nyuma baje kwimurwa na Leta mbiligi ubwo
abahindi n’abarabu bari bamaze kuza maze bajyanwa i Nyamirambo hahoze ishyamba ririmo
inyamaswa maze kubera ko abantu batahambaga bazanaga abapfu bakabata aho bakigendera
maze impyisi zikabarya. Gutura mu Biryogo byakozwe ku buryo bukurikira:
a. Ahitwa mu Kinyambo mu Biryogo hari hatuwe n’abatanzaniya b’abanyambo baje kera
baherekeje abakoroni babatwaje imizigo;
b. Ku muhanda wa mbere hari abandi batanzaniya b’abasirimu baturutse Tabora na Dar-es
Salaam (Barabara 1);
c. Barabara 2 ni umuhanda munini wambukiranya Biryogo yose. Wari utuwemo n’abantu
bakomeye b’abaganda harimo n’abatanzaniya bake. Muri ubwo ni ho umwami yatoyemo
umusaza witwa Feruzi amujyira sushefu utwara abantu bari batuye kuri iyo mihanda
yombi. Umwami yatangaga amabwiriza n’amatangazo ayanyujije kuri abo bantu;
d. Ku muhanda w’inyuma wo kwa Mayaka hari hatuye abakongomani b’amoko
atandukanye.
Kuva ubwo no kuri Repuburika ya mbere n’iya kabiri, abo banyamahanga bakunze kurongora
Abatutsikazi maze havukamo imvange zakunze kujya mu idini ya islam na bo. Uko iterambere
ryakomeje kwiyongera abo bagiye batura buhoro buhoro noneho ufashe isambu agakatira
mugenzi we. Ni yo havuye ijambo rya majengo bivuga majengo mapya cyangwa se inyubako
nshya zibatswe ku butaka (Parcelles) bwakaswe n’umutware witwaga Mukunzi.
33
Ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Seburengo Abdul Karimu, Kigali, Ukuboza 2018
22
Abayisiramu bagiranye umubano mwiza kandi wihariye n’Umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa
kugeza ndetse n’ubwo abahaye ikibanza akabubakira n’ishuri ahitwa ku Ntwari, ubu ni mu
Murenge wa Rwezamenyo. Bari bamuganyiye ko rubanda ibita abaswahili b’ababeshyi maze we
abita intwari. Ni mu buzima busanzwe ariko ngo Rudahigwa yakundaga abayisiramu kubera
uburyo bari bakerebutse, bakamenya imyuga itandukanye yo kwirwanaho mu buzima irimo
tekiniki, ubucuruzi bw’imyenda, bakagira isuku kandi bakirinda kwiyandarika. Ndetse ngo
n’umushoferi we yari umuyisiramu. Byongeye kandi, mu Rwanda abakuru b’idini ya gatorika
yari ihiganje ntiyarebaga neza Isilamu bashinjaga kutemera Kirisitu. Rudahigwa nk’umuntu
wakundaga iterambere yababonagamo ahazaza heza. Iyo ni na yo mpamvu amashyaka ya politiki
atangiye mu Rwanda muri 1959 abayisiramu benshi bayobotse UNAR yari ibogamiye ku bwami
(Monarchie constitutionnelle). Imibanire y’abayisiramu n’abandi baturage bsanzwe muri Kigali
nta byinshi umuntu yayivugaho kuko muri rusange iterambere ryari rikiri hasi, abize amashuri ari
mbarwa, ibikorwaremezo bikiri bike kandi nk’uko byasobanuwe imiturire yari itandukanye
bitewe n’icyiciro cya buri wese.
3.1.4. Nyarugenge mu mvururu za 1959 n’inkurikizi zazo
Ubwo amacakubiri ashingiye ku byitwa amoko y’Abahutu n’Abatutsi yadukaga mu Gushyingo
1959, intero ya Parmehutu yari ugukuraho ubwami no kwikiza Umututsi aho ava akagera.
Bamwe mu basiramu bari Abatutsi cyangwa se batunze Abatutsikazi kandi gahunda kwari
ugukuraho ingoma y’Abatutsi. Birumvikana ko batotejwe ndetse bamwe barakubitwa baranicwa.
Seburengo wari umusore muw’ 1959 yemeza ko abasiramu bamenye amakuru y’uko benda
guterwa maze bashyiraho gahunda y’amarondo. Hari umunsi batewe n’igitero kivuye i Gitarama
cyoherejwe na Parmehutu mu modoka ebyiri, maze bageze mu Biryogo barabahagarika bababuza
gutwika kubera ko bibujijwe mu buyisiramu. Gushyira hamwe rero kwabo kwatumaga babatinya.
Icyabafashaga ni ukwirinda ikintu cyose kizabatandukanya mu moko nk’uko idini ibibabuza.
Abo mu Biryogo na Nyamirambo bagendeye kuri iryo hame maze bemeza ko abantu bose, baba
abayisiramu n’ababiinjiyemo bose bagomba kuba abavandimwe. Abari babateye baramanjiriwe
basubirayo amara masa. Urugomo, ubwicanyi n’ubwicanyi muri Kigali byakajije umurego muri
1960, aho abazungu bagendaga mu ndege baha abaparimehutu ibibiriti byo gutwikira Abatutsi.
Muri 1961 na 1962 hari Abatutsi benshi bahunze igihugu kubera ko bari baciwe, cyane cyane
abari bifit kuko bari abatware, abakozi, abacuruzi, abakire n’abandi. Ubwicanyi bukomeye
23
bwibasiye Abatutsi muri Kigali bwakozwe mu Kuboza 1963 igihe Inyenzi zateraga mu Bugesera
zikagera kuri Nyabarongo. Ubutegetsi bushya bwa Kayibanda, muri gahunda ndende yo
kwihorera, bwishe Abatutsi benshi hirya no hino mu gihugu babashinja kuba ibyitso by’abateye.
Abazwi cyane ni abayobozi n’abayoboke bakomeye ba UNAR yari ifite icyicaro gikuru ahitwa
kuri 40 i Nyamirambo bafashwe bakajya kwicirwa mu Ruhengeri none kugeza n’ubu imibiri
yabo ikaba itaraboneka ngo bashyingurwe mu cyubahiro.
Mu 1962 u Rwanda rubona ubwigenge, umutima wa Nyarugenge wari nk’urusisiro rwari rutuwe
n’abaturage basaga ibihumbi bitandatu. Mu rwego rw’ibikorwa-remezo nta cyari cyarayiteguriye
kwakira inzego z’ubutegetsi n’abaturage bari kuyigana. Ibyo byari mu mugambi w’abakoloni
b’Ababiligi. Dore urutonde rw’ibikorwaremezo byari muri Kigali u Rwanda rubona ubwigenge:
− Inzu ya Richard Kandt washinze Umujyi wa Kigali mu 1907 yari Akanyanza mu
Murenge wa Gitega;
− Uburoko n’iposita byari mu Murenge wa Muhima;
− Inkambi y’Abaporisi yari mu Murenge wa Nyarugenge;
− Inzu ya Résidence n’ibiro bya Teritwari byari ku mpinga ya Nyarugenge byubatswe mu
1944;
− Amazu 40 yo guturamo no gukoreramo;
− Amaduka 12 yari hafi y’aho Athénée n’umusigiti w’Abasilamu biri;
− Ibitaro bya Kigali byubatswe muw’ 1928 na clinique yavurirwagamo abazungu yari aho
Ambasade y’Ubushinwa iri ubu;
− Ishuri rya Lycée Notre Dame de Cîteaux riri mu Murenge wa Nyarugenge;
− Ishuri ryitiriwe Mutagatifu Andereya (Collège Saint André) riri ku Mumena mu Murenge
wa Nyamirambo.
Ubutegetsi bwa Repubulika ya mbere bwaranzwe n’amatiku n’ivangura kuruta gushyira Igihugu
ku murongo. MDR-Parmehutu yatangiranye n’andi mashyaka ari yo APROSOMA, RADER na
UNAR ariko byageze mu 1965 atakibaho kuko iyo MDR-Parmehutu yari yararangije kwica
cyangwa kumenesha abayoboke b’ayo abiri ya nyuma bari bakomeye bari mu buyobozi bwayo.
Mu gihe cy’imyaka 11 iyo Repubulika yamaze yaranzwe no gusenya igihugu. Amacakubiri
n’irondakoko ni byo bintu byayiranze.
24
Muri 1973 Habyarimana Juvénal yahiritse Kayibanda ku butegetsi atangiza Rapuburika ya kabiri
yaririmbaga ubumwe, amahoro n’amajyambere. Ku ivanguramoko ryatangijwe na Kayibanda we
yongereyeho ivangukarere maze abitwaga Abakiga bigarurira ibyiza byose by’ibihugu
babihezaho abitwaga Abanyendugu n’Abatutsi bose muri rusange.
3.1.5. Imibereho y’abatutsi muri Nyarugenge kuri Repuburika ya mbere (1960-1973)
Ivangura n’amacakubiri bishingiye ku moko ni byo byagejeje ku bwicanyi n’ibikorwa
by’urugomo byibasiye Abatutsi guhera tariki ya 3 Ugushyingo 1959. Ni nyuma y’itangazwa
ry’amategeko icumi (10) y'Abahutu yahimbwe na Joseph Habyarimana Gitera muri Nzeri 1959.
Ayo mategeko yaje akurikiye icyiswe “Manifeste y’Abahutu” yo mu 1957 aho bamwe mu
banyabwenge b’Abahutu berekanye ko hari ikibazo cya politiki hagati y’Abahutu n’Abatutsi,
kandi mu by’ukuri ikibazo cyari ubusumbane bukabije hagati y’abategetsi b'icyo gihe na rubanda
rugufi rwari rukandamijwe.
Habyarimana Joseph Gitera washinze ishyaka rya APROSOMA afatanije na Kayibanda Grégoire
bakoze ubukangurambaga bashishikariza Abahutu kwanga no kwica Abatutsi, byatumye guhera
mu Ugushyingo 1959 Abatutsi bicwa, baratwikirwa, bameneshwa mu gihugu cyabo, abarokotse
bakomeza gutotezwa.
Muri icyo gihe Abatutsi benshi bari batuye muri Komini ya Nyarugenge n’izindi komini
zahanaga imbibi nayo kimwe n’abandi Batutsi mu bice bitandukanye by’u Rwanda bahungiye
mu bihugu duhana imbibi. Abatutsi batabashishe guhunga igihugu, bahungiye kuri Paruwasi
y’Umuryango Mutagatifu (Ste Famille). Aho kugira ngo basubizwe mu ngo zabo, ubutegetsi bwa
Komini y’Umugi wa Nyarugenge buhagarariwe na Kabahizi Jean waje kuba Burugumesitiri
wayo muwa 196034 bwirukanye Abatutsi bari bahahungiye babohereza i Nyamata n’amaguru 35.
Muwa 1960 Abakoloni b’Ababirigi bafatanije na bamwe mu bamisiyoneri ba Kiriziya Gaturika
bashyizeho ubutegetsi bwa Repuburika bwari bukuriwe na Kayibanda Grégoire nyuma yo
kuvanaho ubwami. Izo mpinduka zabanjirijwe n’urugomo n’ubwicanyi bwibasiye Abatutsi mu
34
Préfecture de Kigali (1987). La préfecture de Kigali Durant la période de 25 ans de l’indépendance nationale
(1962-1987), p8.
35
Antoine Mugesera (2004). Imibereho y’Abatutsi kuri repubulika ya mbere n’iya 2 (1959-1990), p 89
25
gihugu hose harimo n’Umujyi wa Kigali, abacitse ku icumu baboneza iy’ubuhungiro mu bihugu
bituranye n’u Rwanda. Abasigaye mu gihugu na bo bahinduwe ibikange, bamburwa imitungo
yabo, babuzwa uburenganzira bwose bw’abenegihugu. Muri uwo mwaka, imitungo y’Abatutsi
birukanywe kuri Sainte famille kimwe n’iya bari bahunze bakajya hanze y’igihugu yatanzwe ku
mugaragaro na Kabahizi Jean wari umaze kuba Burugumesitiri wa Komini y’Umugi wa
Nyarugenge indi igirwa umutungo bwite wa Komini36.
Byumvikane ko Abatutsi bagizwe impunzi imbere mu gihugu batari bafite uburenganzira ku
mitungo yabo. Ingero za bamwe mu Batutsi bahohotewe ni Bagirishya Emile na Gatera
Francois37. Bagirishya Emile ni mwene Mpogoma Gerard na Nyiramugwera Pascasie ukomoka
ku gasozi ka Nyarugenge muri sheferi ya Bwanacyambwe akaba yakoraga akazi ko gukanika
imodoka. Muwa 1961, Bagirishya yabeshyewe gutunga imbunda akatirwa n’urukiko gufungwa
burundu. Undi ni Gatera Francois mwene Rukeba François na Kandamage wari umucuruzi atuye
muri Komini ya Nyarugenge wafunzwe arakatirwa muri Nzeri 1961 ashinjwa gutegura ibitero
by’Inyenzi. Aba bombi n’abandi benshi batotejwe bikomeye bibaviramo ingaruka zikomeye ku
buzima bwabo n’imiryango yabo.
Muwa 1962, u Rwanda rwabonye ubwigenge himakazwa ubutegetsi bwaranzwe n’ivangura,
amacakubiri n’urwango ku Batutsi. Babayeho ubuzima bwo guhezwa, gutotezwa no kwicwa.
Abari barahunze ntibari bemerewe kugaruka mu gihugu, abasigaye na bo ntibari bemerewe kujya
kubasura nk’uko byemezwa n’ababigerageje.
Hagati y’imyaka ya 1962 na 1973, Abatutsi basigaye imbere mu gihugu bakomeje gutotezwa mu
buro butandukanye. Mu Kuboza 1963 bamwe mu Batutsi bari barahunze bateye u Rwanda
baturutse i Burundi bibumbiye mu mutwe w'Inyenzi. Ubutegetsi bushya bwa Parmehutu bwagize
icyo gitero urwitwazo baze abarwanashyaka bayo birara mu Batutsi bari mu gihugu maze bicamo
benshi. Hose hashyizweho amarondo, Abatutsi bagahungira mu mashyamba bakabakurikirana
bakabatsindayo. Hari abashoboye kwambuka bahungira i Burundi, Tanzaniya na Kongo,
basangayo abari barahunze muwa 1959. Urugomo, ubwicanyi n’ubwicanyi muri Kigali byakajije
umurego muri 1960, aho abazungu bagendaga mu ndege baha abaparimehutu ibibiriti byo
36
37
Ibidem
Igazeti ya Leta yo kuwa 15 Kanama 1963.
26
gutwikira Abatutsi. Ubwicanyi bukomeye bwibasiye Abatutsi muri Kigali bwakozwe mu kwezi
kwa 12/1963 igihe Inyenzi zateraga mu Bugesera zikagera kuri Nyabarongo.
Icyo gihe nibwo ijambo “Imperuka y’Abatutsi” ryavuzwe bwa mbere risohotse mu kanwa ka
Perezida Kayibanda nyuma riza gusbirwamo na Colonel Bagosora muwa 1993 ubwo yari avuye
mu mishyikirano y’Amahoro hagati ya Leta y’u Rwanda na FPR Inkotanyi. Iryo jambo
yarivugiye kuri Radio Rwanda ku itariki 11 Werurwe 1964 abitewe n’igitero cyari cyagabwe mu
Bugesera kuwa 21 Ukuboza 1963; Kayibanda yaravuze ngo: «Niba Inyenzi zishoboye gufata
Kigali, nubwo bitazazorohera, izaba Imperuka yihuse y’ubwoko bw’Abatutsi».
Ubutegetsi bushya bwa Kayibanda, muri gahunda ndende bwishe Abatutsi benshi hirya no hino
mu gihugu bashinjwa kuba ibyitso by’abateye. Abazwi cyane ni abayobozi n’abayoboke
bakomeye ba UNAR yari ifite icyicaro gikuru ahitwa kuri 40 i Nyamirambo bafatiwe hamwe
na’abayoboke ba RADER bafatiwe hamwe bakajya kwicirwa mu Ruhengeri none kugeza n’ubu
imibiri yabo ikaba itaraboneka ngo bashyingurwe mu cyubahiro. Bamwe muri abo ni aba
bakurikira: Etienne Afrika, Denis Burabyo, Joseph Rutsindintwarane, Michel Rwagasana, C.
Gisimba, Louis Ndahiro na Thadée Mpirikanyi ba l’UNAR na Prosper Bwanakweli, Lazard
Ndazaro na Callixte Karinda ba RADER38.
Mu mugi wa Kigali muri rusange no muri komini ya Nyarugenge by’umwihariko, kwirukana
impunzi aho zahungiye byarushijeho gukaza umurego. Leta mbirigi yahirukanye Abatutsi bari
barahahungiye bavuye i Gitarama, Kibungo na Byumba. Ibategeka kuva i Kigali bakajya mu
muri komini zabo. Kubera umwuka mubi wabaga ukiri aho bakomoka, baturage bangaga
gusubira mu matongo yabo, bahungira kuri za paruwasi z’iwabo ariko nibura bakava mu mugi wa
Kigali wari inyarurembo. Misiyoni ya Kigali yari ifite impunzi 7865, naho ishuri ETO ryo ku
Kicukiro ririmo 7265. Impunzi zari kuri misiyoni ya Kigali zanze kuhava, abasirikare barazirasa,
bazicamo abantu tariki ya 7/11/1961 ariko nazo zica umusirikare. Uwitwaga Mwamba
wamuhitanye yarafashwe arafungwa, hanyuma atoroka uburoko, acikira mu mahanga. Nyuma
y’iyo mirwano, Abatutsi bari bahungiye kuri Misiyoni ya Kigali baraneshejwe batwarwa mu
buhungiro ku ngufu 39.
38
Mugesera Antoine, Imibereho y'abatutsi kuri Repubulika ya mbere n'iya kabiri, 1959-1990,Kigali ? Les Editions
Rwandaises, 2004.
39
Idem.
27
Muri Komini y’Umujyi ya Nyarugenge Abatutsi barafashwe barafungwa bazira ko Inyenzi
zateye. Abandi bambuwe uburenganzira ku mitungo yabo. Urugero ni Rwambibi Janvier wari
umukozi wa Leta wambuwe amazu abiri yari yaraguze na Leta mu cyamunara. Muwa 1966,
Rwambibi Janvier yafunzwe azira ko Inyenzi zateye, amazu ye afatirirwa na Leta ku ngufu.
Amaze gufungurwa, yasabye Leta kumusubiza amazu ye, Ubuyobozi bwa Komini ya Kiyovu 40
yayoborwaga na Kabahizi Jean bufatanije na Minisisteri y’Ingabo n’Abapolisi bwahuguje
Rwambibi Janvier umutungo we mu ibaruwa yo kuwa 24 Kanama 1970 yanditswe na
Habyarimana Juvénal wari Minisitiri w’Ingabo na Polisi ko atagomba gusubizwa imitungo ye
kuko yarezwe kuba icyitso cy’Inyenzi41.
3.1.6. Imibereho y'Abatutsi muri Nyarugenge kuri Repuburika ya kabiri (1973-1990)
3.1.6.1. Inkomoko y’Imvururu zibasiye Abatutsi mu wa 1973
Mu ntangiriro za Gashyantare 1972 mu Rwanda hadutse umwuka mubi waterwaga n’uko
Perezida Grégoire Kayibanda yashakaga kwiyongeza manda ya gatatu, akaba yari arangije ebyiri
yemererwaga n'amategeko. Mu barwanashyaka ba PARMEHUTU harimo amacakubiri ashingiye
ku itoneshwa ry'Abanyanduga bari biganje mu butegetsi no mu nzego z'umutekano aho bamwe
bashinjwaga guta umurongo kandi n’abasirikare biganjemo abakomoka mu gice cy’amajyaruguru
y’u Rwanda bitaga Abakiga. Abo rero ntibari bameranye neza n’abanyapolitiki, impunzi
z’Abarundi zo mu bwoko bw’Abahutu zahunganye ingengabitekerezo ikomeye yo kwanga
Abatutsi ndetse ibyo bigatera umwuka mubi hagati y'ibihugu byombi aho Perezida Micombero na
Kayibanda batukaniraga kuri Radiyo.
Mu gushaka kujijisha rubanda aho gukemura ibibazo byariho ahereye mu ishyaka
PARIMEHUTU, Perezida Kayibanda yongeye kwibasira Abatutsi ashingiye ku mubare w’abari
mu mashuri yaba ayisumbuye na kaminuza y’u Rwanda, ibyo abikora avuga ko bikomeje bityo
bashobora kongera kwigarurira ubutegetsi babwambuye rubanda nyamwinshi kandi iyo rubanda
nyamwinshi ikaba yaratsindiye ibyiza byose by’ibihugu muri revosiyo sosiyari yo muwa 1959.
40
Kuva muwa 1960 kugeza 1963, Agasozi ka Nyarugenge kari kagizwe na Komini y’Umugi wa Kigali yari ituwe
n’Abakoloni ikayoborwa na Borchgrave d’Altena na Komini ya Nyarugenge yari ituwe n’Abanyarwanda
ikayoborwaga na Kabahizi Jean. Kuva tariki 17 Kanama 1963, Komini y’Umugi ya Kigali yahinduriwe izina yitwa
Komini ya Kiyovu, naho Komini ya Nyarugenge yitwa Komini y’Umugi ya Nyarugenge.
41
Minisiteri y’ingabo na polisi, Urwandiko No 319/1.L.L. 1.2.3. yo kuwa 24 Kanama 1970.
28
Ni muri urwo rwego, Kayibanda Geregori afatanyije n’abasirikari n’abanyeshuri bigaga muri
Kaminuza Nkuru y’u Rwanda batangije ibikorwa bibi byo gukubita no kwirukana abanyeshuri
b'Abatutsi mu mashuri hirya no hino mu gihugu bataretse abakozi ba Leta n’abo mu nzego
z’abikora. Ibyo bikorwa by’urugomo byakozwe muri Gashyantare na Werurwe 1973 mu Rwanda
hose.
Imvururu zo muri Gashyantare 1973 zatekerejwe na Kayibanda Gregori afatanije n’agatsiko
kagizwe n’abahutu bakoranaga bya hafi barimo Ntarikure Elie wari umunyamabanga mukuru
muri perezidansi ya repubulika, Kapiteni Seyanga wari Minisitiri ushinzwe ibya poritiki, Kapiteni
Bizimana Andereya wari Minisitiri wari ushinzwe urubyiruko, Harerimana Gaspard wari
Minisitiri w’uburezi, Ndagijimana Celestin wari umuyobozi mukuru (Directeur Général),
Alphonse Ilibanje wari Umunyamabanga Mukuru muri Minisiteri y’Ubuhinzi, Seyoboka Damien
wari umuyobozi w’ishami rishinzwe imirimo muri Minisiteri y’Abakozi ba Leta n’abandi
basirikare bakoraga mu nzego z’iperereza.
3.1.6.2. Imvururu mu mashuri yisumbuye yo muri Komini ya Nyarugenge
Mu gutegura izo mvururu aka gatsiko gatafanije n’inzego z’umutekano karemye mu mashuri
yose mu gihugu icyo bise “Comité du salut”. Iyo komite yari igizwe n’abanyeshuri b’Abahutu
kandi yari ishyigikiwe n’ubutegetsi bwa Perezida Kayibanda Grégoire. Niyo yamenesheje
Abatutsi. Mu mashuri yabarizwaga mu ifasi ya komini ya Nyarugenge naho abanyeshuri
b'Abatutsi barakubiswe, barameneshwa ab’abakobwa bafatwa ku ngufu 42.
Amashuri yari muri Komini ya Nyarugenge ni Lycée Notre Dame de Citeaux, Collège Saint
André, Collège officiel de Kigali (COK), Ecole d’Assistant Médicaux na Seminari Nto ya
Mutagatifu Pawulo. Imbarutso yo kwirukana abanyeshuri muri Nyarugenge yatangiriye muri
Collège Officiel ya Kigali hanyuma bikwira hose 43. Imvururu zatangijwe n’umunyeshuri witwaga
Kamali Isaac uvuka i Nyabikenke, ubu ni mu Karere ka Muhanga waje kugororerwa kuba
umukozi mukuru muri MINITRAP. Dore uko izo mvururu zibasiye Abatutsi zagenze muri buri
shuri.
42
Ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Kabatesi Regine wigaga muri Lyce Notre Dame de Citeaux mu wa 1973.
Mugesera Antoine (2004). Imibereho y'abatutsi kuri Repubulika ya mbere n'iya kabiri (1959-1990), Kigali. Les
Editions Rwandaises, p.250
43
29
a) Collège Officiel de Kigali
Umugambi wo kumenesha Abatutsi bigaga muri COK wamenyekanye igihe umunyeshuri witwa
Kamali Laurent yaburiye mugenzi we Rutayisire Alphonse amubwira ko Abahutu barimo
gutegura umugambi wo gukubita no kwica Abatutsi kandi ko biri butangire saa saba z’ijoro.
Rutayisire yabibwiye abanyeshuri bagenzi n’umwarimu w’Umututsi witwaga Munyaburanga
James. Munyaburanga yahise abimenyesha inzego z’umutekano. Muri iryo joro abapolisi bagose
ishuri bagambiriye kuburizamo uwo mugambi. Ahagana saa saba z’ijoro, abanyeshuri b’Abahutu
bibasiye umunyeshuri witwaga Mutombo wari Umuhutu wari incuti y’Abatutsi baramukubita,
arataka cyane ari nabwo abapolisi bahise binjira mu macumbi y’abanyeshuri bahosha ayo
mahane ariko basanga abanyeshuri b’Abahutu bari bafite intwaro gakondo zirimo amahiri,
imipanga, ibyuma bya “Fer à béton” byateganyirijwe mu gukubita no kwica Abatutsi.
Abanyeshuri b’Abahutu bisobanuye kuri abo bapolisi bavuga ko batagambiriye kwica abazungu
bayoboraga ishuri ahubwo ko bagamije kwica Abatutsi nk’aho ibyo ari uburenganzira bwabo.
Abapolisi bamaze kubyumva, bahise bafata inzira baragenda. Nyuma yaho Abatutsi bakwiriye
imishwaro. Mu Batutsi birukanywe icyo gihe harimo Rutayisire Antoine, Butare Pierre,
Bigirimana Augustin, Munyakazi Jean, Hajabakiga Celestin, Rutayisire Alphonse, Shyirambere
François, Rugema Jean Pierre, Rutayisire Alphonse, Rusanganwa Frédéric, Rwabuyonza Louis,
Mugema Emmanuel, Karasira Gakuba Emile, Musengimana François, Tanganyika Viateur,
Shyirambere François, Niyimfasha marie de Monfort n’abandi benshi 44.
b) Iseminari Nto ya Mutagatifu Pawulo
Muri Seminari Ntoya ya Mutagatifu Pawulo naho abanyeshuri b’Abahutu bahize Abatutsi
barabirukana. Icyo gihe Abana b’Abahutu bigaga mu iseminari batinze kwirukana bagenzi babo
kugeza ubwo abanyeshuri bo mu ishuri ry’abafasha b’abaganga “Ecole d’Assistants Médicaux”
batumye ku banyeshuri b’Abahutu bigaga mu iseminari Nto ya Mutagatifu Pawulo ko niba
batirukanye Abatutsi bo ubwabo biyizira. Nibwo rero ubuyobozi bw’iseminari bufashe icyemezo
cyo gufunga bukohereza abanyeshuri iwabo bityo bakazagaruka imvururu zimaze guhosha, hari
ku itariki ya 28 Gashyantare 1973. Ku itariki ya 1 Mata 1973 nibwo abanyeshuri bose bagarutse
biteguye kwiga nkuko bisanzwe, maze nyuma kuya 13 Mata 1973 umugambi wo kwirukana
Abatutsi ushyirwa mu bikorwa. Icyo gihe hirukanywe Nyombayire Reverien, Karekezi
44
. Idem, pp. 253-254
30
Dominique, Ntidendereza Theoneste, Mugomanyi Alphonse, Ngarambe Augustin, Niyoyita
Aloys, Habiyakare Augustin, Ntakekengerwa Alphonse, Mutemangando Tito, Niyibizi Jean
Damascene, Byiyingoma Deogratias, Kagiraneza Zepherin, Incimatata Oreste, Ransoni Philbert,
Gasana Cyprien n’abandi45.
c) Lycée Notre Dame de Citeaux
Mu ishuri rya bakobwa rya Lycée Notre Dame de Citeaux kwirukana abanyeshuri b’Abatutsikazi
byakozwe n’Abanyeshuri b’abahungu bigaga muri Ecole des Assistants Médicaux ryakoreraga
mu Bitaro bikuru bya Kigali mu nyubako ziteganye ububgubu na Hotel Serena. Abo bahungu
nibo bari bashinzwe gutoranya Abatutsikazi bagombaga kwirukanwa. Bnyeshuri b’Abahutukazi
bari bamaze iminsi bacunaguza bagenzi babo b’Abatutsikazi ariko ntibabirukane. Bamwe mu
birukanywe muri Lycée Notre Dame de Citeaux harimo Dusabe Rose, Uwamariya Chantal,
Nyirantashya Vénantie, Uwamariya Pelagie, Musanabera Germaine, Mukangarizi Candida,
Nyiratunga Immakulata,
Kayiganwa Josephine,
Rangira Immakulata,
Mukarurangirwa
Immakulata, Murebwayire Donata, Nyandekwe Virginie, Gakuba Jeanne, Zahara Mumporeze,
Murebwayire Jacqueline, Kabatesi Regina n’abandi benshi 46. Ikurikiranwa ry’Abatutsi
ntiryahagarariye aho kuko nyuma y’iyirukanwa ry’abana b’Abatutsi igikorwa cy’iperereza ku
bandi batari birukanwe ryarakomeje. Ubuyobozi bw’iryo shuri bwakekaga ko hari
abiyoberanyije. Mama Frieda Schaubroeck wayoboraga iryo shuri yakoze urutonde rw’abana
yakekaga ko ari Abatutsi arwoherereza ba burugumesitiri ba komini abo bana bakomokagamo
abasaba ko bamumenyesha ubwoko nyakuri bw ’abo bana. Imwe mu mabaruwa yanditse yagira
ati : “Ndabaramutsa, kubera ko ari mwebwe mushinzwe irangamimerere ry’abaturage ba komini
yanyu, ndabasaba ngo mumpere uyu munyeshuri attestation yemeza ko indangamuntu ye ilimo
amanyakuri. Namwe ntimuyobewe akamaro bene iyo attestation ifitiye impaka zisigaye ziba mu
mashuli. Mungarurire izi attestation ziri mu ibahasha ifunze”47. Ku itariki ya 3 Nzeri 1973,
45
Ibidem
Ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Kabatesi Regine wari umunyeshuri muri Lycée Notre Dame de Citeaux, Gicurasi 2019.
47
Frieda Schaubroeck, S.O. Ibaruwa yandikiwe burugumesitiri wa Komini ya Musambira, Kigali, kuwa 20 Mata
1973,
46
31
Frieda Schaubroeck yanditse indi igaragaza neza ko amakuru ajyanye n’ubwoko bw’abanyeshuri
be ajyanye na gahunda y’igihugu y’iringaniza48.
d) Collège Saint André
Muri Koleji Collège St André naho hari agatsiko k’Abahutu bagize uruhare mu kumenesha
abanyeshuri b’Abatutsi. Bamwe mu birukanywe harimo Karabayinga Joseph, Katerpirari Pierre
Claver, Ngarambe Francois Xavier, Fundira Léon, Martin Mateso, Higiro Isaie, Ndungutse
Pierre, Nshogoza Jean Baptiste, Nyamushara Joseph n’abandi.
e) Ecole des Assistants Médicaux
Benshi mu banyeshuri bigaga mu ishuri ry’abafasha b’abaganga nibo bayoboye igikorwa cyo
kwirukana Abatutsi mu mshuri yo hirya no hino muri komini y’umujyi ya Nyarugenge. Abo
kandi nibo birukanye abana b’abakobwa b’Abatutsi bigaga muri “Lycee Notre Dame de Citeaux”
ndetse banabafata ku ngufu 49.
3.1.6.3. Iyirukanwa ry’abakozi b’Abatutsi mu bigo bya Leta n’ibyabikoreraga muri komini
ya Nyarugenge
Imvururu zo mu wa 1973 muri Komini ya Nyarugenge ntizibasiye abanyeshuri gusa. Zanageze
no ku bakozi ba Leta n’ibigo byigenga. Mu bigo bya Leta n’ibyigenga naho hashyizweho
agatsiko k’abahutu kiyitaga“Comité des Problèmes des Travailleurs” ari nako kashyize mu
bikorwa umugambi w’iyirukanwa ry’abakozi b’Abatutsi mu mirimo yabo. Inshingano zayo
ntizari zitandukanye na “Comité du Salut”. Abari ku isonga muri uwo mugambi rwego
rw’igihugu ni Ntarikure Elie wari umunyamabanga mukuru muri Perezidansi ya Repubulika,
Kapiteni Seyanga wari Minisitiri ushinzwe ibya Politiki, Kapiteni Bizimana Andereya wari
Minisitiri ushinzwe urubyiruko, Harerimana Gaspard wari Minisitiri w’uburezi, Ndagijimana
Celestin wari umuyobozi mukuru muri Minisiteri y’Uburezi, Alphonse Ilibanje wari
Umunyamabanga Mukuru muri Minisiteri y’Ubuhinzi, Seyoboka Damien wari umuyobozi
48
49
Frieda Schaubroeck, S.O. Lettre au bourgmestre (tous), Kigali le 3 septembre, 19973
Mugesera Antoine, op.cit., p.254
32
w’ishami rishinzwe imirimo muri Minisiteri y’Abakozi ba Leta n’abandi basiikare bakoraga mu
nzego z’iperereza50.
Aka gatsiko kakoranye bya hafi n’ishami ryari rishinzwe imirimo muri Minisiteri y’Abakozi ba
Leta kugira ngo kamenye abakozi bagomba kwirujkanwa. Iryo shami ryari rikuriwe na Seyoboka
Damien. Uwitwa Nikobamera Damascène Alias Runumuzi wakoraga muri Minisiteri
y’Ubutegetsi bw’Igihugu Kavutse Leonard, Bakomera Edouard, Ryeze Damascene, Kideye
Samuel, Ngabonziza Augustin babafashije nibo gukwirakwiza amazina y’Abatutsi bagombaga
kwirukanwa mu kazi.
Muri komini ya Nyarugenge ni ho hirukanywe Abatutsi benshi mu mirimo kuko ariho hari
icyicaro cy'inzego nyinshi z’imirimo, ibigo by’ubucuruzi n’inganda. Umwanditsi Mugesera
Antoine ahamya ko bigoye kumenya umubare nyawe w’Abatutsi birukanywe mu kazi,
akagareranya ko bari hagati ya 3.000 na 4.000, bakaba baravuye mu bigo birenga ijana
ubariyemo ibya Leta, iby’abikorera ku giti cyabo n’ibya Kiriziya. Kwirukana Abatutsi byahereye
muri MAGERWA bikomereza n'ahandi.
Ibyinshi muri ibyo byiganjemo ibyari muri Nyarugenge nka: BCR, BK, KIPHARMA, Sabena,
Opa Pharmacie, Philips, AMIRWANDA, MANUMETAL, Israel Frères, TRAFIPRO,
BENALCO, COMETAR, Hotel Kiyovu, Hotel des Diplômates, Hotel des Mille Collines, FINA,
SHELL, Sulfo-Rwanda, MERA, SIRWA, Deutch Well, SOMIRWA, Rwandex, ATSKimihurura, SOMEKA, kwa PILLARD, Hatton and Cookson, muri Un Toit à Toi, kwa
Nyagatare Raphael, kwa Sebera Antoine, kwa de Greet, kwa Defays, muri Rwanda Paints, muri
CRS, muri Bata, kwa RAMJI na Rajans, kwa Makanji, kwa NAMDARI, muri CICRA
ALIRWANDA, muri Old East, muri La Rwandaise, muri TABARWANDA, muri BRALIRWA,
muri NAHV, muri TRANSINTRA, muri AGRAR, muri Assurance Le Jeune, muri
Rwandamotor, muri ASTALDI n’ahandi benshi. Ibigo bya Leta byirukanywemo Abatutsi birimo
MAGERWA, Radiyo Rwanda, INR, BNR, BRD, CER , OBM, OCIR, AIDR , ONATRACOM ,
muri minisiteri nka MINAGRI, MINIFIN, MINICOMMERCE, TELECOM, AERONAUTIQUE
n’ahandi .
50
Mugesera Antoine, idem, p.255
33
Mu birukanwe muri za Minisiteri n’ibigo bya Leta byari bifite icyicaro muri Komini y’Umujyi ya
Nyarugenge
harimo
Kabayiza Raymond,
Mpambara Celestin,
Nzajyibwami
Charles,
Nkurikiyimana Deo, Mugunga Isidore, Twagirayezu Julien, Karigirwa Jeanne, Uwamariya
Mélanie, Butera Védaste, Murenzi Alfred, Ruzindana Callixte, Rukiriza Félicien, Kamuzinzi
Stanilas, Nyirumuheto Claude, Rutaremara, Rwamakuba Come, Mukamurigo Immaculée,
Katabogama Edouard n’abandi benshi. Hakurikiyeho ibigo byigenga na za banki aho Abatutsi
Uwasanga izina rye rimanitse ntiyabaga yemerewe kwinjira muri biro 51.
3.1.6.4. Kubuza amahwemo no kumenesha Abatutsi muri Komini ya Nyarugenge
Abatutsi bamaze kwirukanwa ku kazi no mu mashuri, habaye umukwabu ukomeye mu Rwanda
hose. Muri Komini ya Nyarugenge uwo mukwabu wari ugamije gufata Abaututsi bari muri
Kigali bakerakeraga mu miryango ya bene wabo. Uwo mukwabu wari uyobowe na Majoro
Nsekalije Aloys ukorwa n’Abasilikare n’inzego z’iperereza. Uwo mukwabu wategetswe na
Habyarimana Juvenal wari Minisitiri w’Ingabo na Polisi mu mabwiriza N 0 0141/111.5.0 yo ku
itariki 2 Mata 1973. Ayo mabwiriza yahawe abayobozi bose b’ibigo bya gisilikare na polisi mu
Rwanda. By’umwihariko, Habyarimana Juvenal yasabye ko uwo mukwabu wakwibanda cyane
muri komini ya Nyarugenge mu duce twa Mumena, Gikondo, Muhima, Kazarusenya, Cyahafi,
Kajagari, Gakinjiro, Biryogo, Nyabugogo na Kimisagara n’ahandi.
Ku itariki ya 6 Mata 1973, Abatutsi bose bafashwe bajyanywe i Maranyundo muri Segiteri ya
Nyamata. Bagezeyo bagize ubuzima bubi cyane kubera inzara n’isazi ya Tsétsé yahabaga. Uwo
mugambi w’ubutegetsi wari uhishe kubamarira ku icumu kuko nyuma yo kwirukanwa mu
mashuri no mu kazi nta kindi cyari gukurikiraho uretse gutindahara 52.
3.1.6.3. Ubuzima bw’Umututsi kuva 5 Nyakanga 1973 kugeza ukwakira 1990
Perezida Habyarima Juvénal yashingiye ku ntege nke za Politiki ya perezida Kayibanda Gregoire
maze amuhirika ku butegetsi. Komite zari zariswe “Commité du salut public” na “Commité des
Problèmes des Travailleurs” zari zaratekerejwe ku bwa Kayibanda Gregoire zari zishyigikiwe
n’inzego za gisilikare n’iz’iperereza ariko mu buryo buziguye kuko muri politiki y’u Rwanda
51
52
Idem, pp. 255-256
Idem, p. 262-263
34
y’icyo gihe yari yaramunzwe n’irondakarere hagati ya “nduga” yari yiganje mu myanya ya
poritiki na “nkiga” yari yiganje mu gisilikare. Iri vangura niryo ryaranze intege nke za Kayibanda
bituma Habyarimana Juvenal wari Minisitiri w’Ingabo na Polisi bimworohera guhirika ubutegetsi
bwa Kayibanda ku itariki ya 5 Nyakanga 1973.
Akimara gufata ubutegetsi, Perezida Habyarimana Juvénal yatanze ihumure ariko mu by’ukuri
byari amayeri yakoresheje kugira ngo abanze kwigarurira icyizere mu ngeri zose
z’abanyarwanda. Bamwe mu Batutsi bari barahunze baragarutse. Abashoboye gutahuka icyo gihe
ntibigeze basubizwa imitungo yabo cyangwa se bahabwe ingurane. Abize ntabwo bahabwaga
akazi kajyanye n’impamyabushobozi cyangwa kajyanye nibyo bari barize. Bitewe nuko
Perezidansi ya Repubulika na Minisiteri nyinshi zakoreraga muri Komini ya Nyarugenge,
Abatutsi bashakaga akazi bahoraga bacyurirwa cyangwa bacunaguzwa. Ababashije kubona akazi
barapyinagajwe kuko ntibazamurwaga mu ntera. Umuyobozi wese utifuzaga Umututsi runaka
yamubangamiraga kugera igihe amwirukanishije. Iyo byangaga, yamushyiraga mu maboko ya
Minisiteri igenga abakozi ba Leta.
Ubutegetsi bwa Habyarimana Juvenal na none bwaranzwe na politiki yamenyekanye ku “izina
ry’Iringaniza”. Mu gihe cy’ubutegetsi bwe abana b’Abatutsi nta burenganzira bwo kwiga
amashuri yisumbuye na Kaminuza bagiraga. Iyi poritike yarushije gufata umurego mu myaka y’
1980 aho muri Kigali imibare y’abana b’Abatutsi bari bemerewe kwiga amashuri yisumbuye
yamanutse iva ku bana 64 mu mwaka w’amashuri wa 1981-1982 ikagera kuri 23 guhera mu
mwaka w’amashuri wa 1984-1985.
3.2. Abayoboye Komini ya Nyarugenge na Komini ya Butamwa
3.2.1. Jean Kabahizi
Burugumesitiri wa mbere wategetse Komini ya Nyarugenge ni Jean Kabahizi guhera 1960 kugera
mu 1963. Muri uwo mwaka, mu Rwanda habayeho ivugurura ry’inzego z’ubutegetsi n’amazina
yazo arahinduka, bityo ahitwaga Komini ya Nyarugenge hahinduka iya Kiyovu 53. Yategetse iyo
komini kugera mu 1966. Nyuma ntiyongeye kugaragara mu myanya ya politiki kuko yahise ajya
53
République rwandaise, Loi du 23 novembre 1963 portant organisation communale
35
mu bucuruzi. Cyokora ntibyamubujije gukomeza kumenyekana kuko ari no mubashinze ikipe
y’umupira w’amaguru ya Kiyovu, akaba yaragiye ayibera mu myanya y’ubuyobozi54.
3.2.2. Stanislas Ruberangondo
Uyu burugumesitiri yasimbuye Jean Kabahizi ku buyobozi bwa Komini y’Umujyi ya
Nyarugenge mu 1967. Yabuvuyeho mu 1975 ajya kuyobora komini ya Butamwa yashinzweho
icyo gihe. Iyi Komini iri mu zashyizwe mu karere ka Nyarugenge mu ivugurura ry’imitere ya
Repubulika y’u Rwanda ryakozwe muwa 2006.
Ruberangondo yayoboye iyo komini kugera mu 1992 asimburwa nyuma y’amatora yakozwe
nk’inkurikizi y’inkubiri y’amashyaka menshi hatorwa Laurent Twagirayezu wari umuryoboke wa
MDR.
3.2.3. Jean Berchmas Ngaboyamahina
Uyu Ngaboyamahina yagizwe burugumesitiri wa Nyarugenge ayitegeka guhera ku itariki ya 7
Mata 1975 kugera kuya 24 Nyakanga muri uwo mwaka 55. Mu by’ukuri yayitegetse igihe gito
kuko mu gihe yarimo kwiyereka abaturage b’iyo komini abagezaho disikuru ye ya mbere ku
isoko rya Nyarugenge, yafashwe n’indwara yo mu mutwe. Yahise ajyanwa mu bitabo bivura
bene izo ndwara i Ndera. Yahise asimburwa na François Karera. Aho akiriye Ngaboyamahina
yasubiye mu burezi.
3.2.4. François Karera
François Karera yavukiye i Huro muri Musasa mu 1938.Yize amashuri abanza i Musasa naho
ayisumbuye ayatangirira i Rulindo ayasoreza i Zaza, ahabwa impabumenyi mu kwigisha. Guhera
mu 1958 kugera mu 1960 yigishije mu ishuri ndangaburezi ry’i Byumba, kuva mu 1960 kugera
mu 1964 yigisha mu ishuri rya Paruwasi ya Rwankuba, na ho mu 1964 kugera mu 1966 yigisha
mu ishuri ryisumbuye ryitiriwe Mutagatifu Andereya riri i Nyamirambo. Guhera mu 1966 kugera
mu 1972 yabaye umugenzuzi w’akarere k’amashuri kari kagizwe na Komini ya Musasa n’iya
54
Ikiganiro na Kamana Modeste, Kiyovu, kuwa 15 Nzeri 2019
République rwandaise, Préfecture de Kigali, , Bilan des 25 ans d’indépendancedu Rwanda : 1962-1987, Kigali,
1987, p. 8
55
36
Rushashi. Mu 1972 yagiye gukora mu Isandaku y’Ubwiteganyirize bw’abakozi (Caisse Sociale
du Rwanda) aho yari ashinzwe gukurikirana imishahara y’abarimu bose bo mu Rwanda. Mu
1974 yakoze igihe gito mu Isanduku yo Kuzigama y’u Rwanda (Caisse d’Epargne du Rwanda)
ahita ajyanwa muri Minisiteri y’Ubutegetsi bw’Igihugu. Muri iyi minisiteri yari ashinzwe
gushyira inyandiko z’amategeko mu rurimi rw’Ikinyarwanda. Mu mpera z’uwo mwaka yagizwe
superefe i Byumba. Guhera ku itariki ya 28 Nyakanga 1975 kugera kuwa 5 Ukuboza 1990
yabaye Burugumesitiri wa Komini y’Umujyi ya Nyarugenge. Guhera kuwa 9 Ugushyingo 1990
yagizwe Superefe muri Perefegitura ya Kigali. Ku itariki ya 17 Mata 1994 Guverinoma
y’Abatabazi yagimuze Perefe w’iyo Perefegitura ayiyobora kugera mu ntangiriro za Nyakanga
muri uwo mwaka. Guhera mu 1992 yabaye Perezida wa MRND muri Komini ya Nyarugenge.
Uretse ibya politiki n’ubutegetsi, François Karera yari azwi no bindi bikorwa byo mu buzima
busanzwe. Mu myaka ya 1980, yabaye Perezida w’Ishyirahamwe ryo Guteza Imbere Uburezi
(Association pour la Promotion de l’Enseignement-APE). Iryo rishyirahamwe ryakoreraga mu
gihugu hose rifite ibikorwa i Butare, i Kigali, mu Ruhengeri n’i Rushashi. Ryaje gushinga
amashuri yisumbuye abiri mu Bumbogo : Ishuri Ryisumbuye rya Rwankuba n’iry’Ubuhinzi
n’Ubworozi rya Rushashi. Karera ari mu bashinze ikipe y’umupira w’amaguru ya Kiyovu Sport
mu 1964 ayibera perezida kugera mu 1992. Yari no muri komite ya paruwasi ya Saint Michel,
akaririmba kandi akaba n’umwe mu bari bagize Chorale de Kigali 56.
Nyuma yo kugira uruhare rukomeye muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri Mata-Nyakanga
1994, François Karera yahungiye muri Zayire ajyanye n’abandi bagiranye uruhare muri iryo
rimburabatutsi. Yarakomeje ahungira muri Kenya aho yafatiwe ku itariki ya 20 Ukwakira 2001.
Bukeye bwaho yoherejwe mu Rukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha Rwarashyiriweho u Rwanda
rwakoreraga i Arusha muri Tanzaniya kugira ngo ruburanishe imanza za Jenoside yakorewe
Abatutsi. Urubanza rwe rwatangiye ku itariki 9 Mutarama 2006. Ku itariki ya 7 Ukuboza 2007
ubushinjacyaha bwamusabiye gufungwa burundu. Nyuma yo kujurira, ku itariki ya 2
56
TPIR, Le Procureur c. François Karera. Le jugement portant condamnation, Arusha, le 7 décembre 2007, pp.10-11
37
Gashyantare 2009, urukiko rwemeje icyo gihano. François Karera yafungiwe i Cotonou muri
Bénin aho yageze ku itariki ya 27 Kamena 200957 akaba ari naho yaguye.
3.2.5. Jean Pierre Bakomera
Uyu Bakomera ni we wasimbuye François Karera mu 1990 ku buyobozi bwa Nyarugenge.
Yayoboye iyi komini kugera mu Ugushyingo 1992. Bavuga ko impamvu atamaze igihe ku
buyobozi bwa Nyarugenge ari uko atashyiraga imbaraga mu kurwanya andi mashyaka yari
mukeba wa MRND. Ikindi bavuga cyatumye ataramba kuri ubwo buyobozi ni uko atumvikanaga
na Perefe w’Umujyi wa Kigali, Colonel Tharcisse Renzaho. Ahanini bashwaniye mu gusahura
imitungo y’abacuruzi b’Abatutsi bari barameneshwe. Iyo mitungo yigabijwe n’abo bayobozi indi
itezwa cyamunara mu buryo budasobanutse 58.
3.2.6. Jean Bizimana
Bizimana Jean yabaye burugumesitiri wa Nyarugenge guhera mu Ugushyingo 1992 kugera mu
mpera za Jenoside. Yavukiye muri Serire Rugando, Segiteri ya Kimihurura, Komini Kacyiru
ariko akaba yari afite inkomoko muri Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri. Yari afite impamyabumenyi
ihanitse (A0) mu burezi yakuye muri Kaminuza Nkuru y’u Rwanda mu 1986. Yagizwe
Burugumesitiri wa komini ya Nyarugenge asanzwe ari umukuru wa serivisi y’imibereho myiza
y’abaturage muri Perezidansi ya Repubulika kandi yanakoze mu biro by’ishyaka rya MRND.
Nyuma yo kugira uruhare rukomeye muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yahungiye muri Zayire
agaruka mu mpera za 1996.
Mu 1997 yishyikirije ubuyobozi bw’Akarere ka Nyarugenge yemera ko yagize uruhare muri
Jenoside. Ku itariki ya 9 Ugushyingo 2009, Urukiko Gacaca rw’umurenge wa Nyarugenge
rumaze kumuhamya icyaha cyo kugira uruhare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yahanishijwe
igihano cyo gufungwa burundu 59. Ubu afungiye muri Gereza ya Mpanga iri mu Karere ka
Nyanza60.
57
Idem, Le Procureur c. François Karera. Arret de condamnation, le 2 juillet 2009, p.114
Ubuhamya bwa Gervais Dusabemungu yatangiye ku Ruyenzi muri Gashyantare 2019
59
Urukiko Gacaca rw’ubujurire rwa Nyarugenge, Nyarugenge, 2009
60
Ubuhamya bwa Rutayisire Masengo Gilbert, uwarokokeye muri Rugenge, Rugenge kuwa 10 Ukwakira 2018
58
38
3.3. Imyitwarire y’abanyaporitiki n’imibereho y’Abatutsi kuva tariki ya 1 Ukwakira 1990
Komini ya Nyarugenge yaranzwe n’ibikorwa bya poritiki bitandukanye hagati y’Ukwakira 1990
na Mata 1994. Ibyo bikorwa byose byaranzwe na propaganda mbi usanga zari zifitanye isano
n’ibikorwa byakorewe Abatutsi mu myaka za 1961 kugeza 1968 igihe Inyenzi zagabaga ibitero.
Inzego z’umutekano nazo zahise zitangira imigambi yo kubuza amahwemo Abatutsi no
kubangisha abandi banyarwanda.
3.3.1. Inkubiri y’amashyaka menshi mu Rwanda n’ingaruka zayo
Imbanzirizamushinga ya poritiki y’amashyaka menshi yagiyeho muri Nzeri 1990. Perezida
Habyarimana yayishyikirije akanama k’impuguke kagombaga gutekereza uko washyirwa mu
bikorwa. Muwa 1991 ni bwo umushinga w’amashyaka menshi wemewe maze abanyapolitiki
bashinga amashyaka hakurikiraho gushaka abayoboke. Hari ayari ariho (MRND), hari
amashyaka yavutse nka PL, PSD n’andi yigeze kubaho ariko yari atakivugwa MDR yongeye
gusaba kujya muri poritiki. Ku ikubitiro ayemewe na Minisiteri y’Ubutegetsi bw’Igihugu ni
MRND na MDR ku itariki ya 30 Nyakanga 1991, PL, PSD na PSR bikurikiraho. Umwaka wa
1991 warangiye amashyaka yemewe ari icyenda ariko ayemerewe kujya muri guverinoma yari
atanu yonyine.
Amashyaka amaze kwemererwa gukora ku mugaragaro, hatangiye inama zijyanye no
kwimenyekanisha ndetse no gushaka abayoboke. Gushaka abayoboke bitangiye, MDR ni yo
yabimburiye ayandi mashyaka, ikoresha mitingi ku kibuga cy’imikino cya Nyamirambo, hari
kuya 11 Kanama 1991, isobanura imigabo n’imigambi yayo, igeza ku bari bitabiriye ibyo inenga
ishyaka MRND.
Ishyaka MRND ivuguruye n’abayoboke bayo bakoze bwa mbere mitingi ku itariki ya 4
Mutarama 1992 ku kibuga cy’imikino i Nyamirambo. Iyo mitingi yari iyobowe na Ngirumpatse
Matayo wari Perezida wa MRND ivuguruye mu mujyi wa Kigali. Yitabiriwe n’abayoboke bari
baturutse mu mujyi wa Kigali bunganiwe n’abari baturutse muri Perefegitura ya Kigali, bishimira
guverinoma yashyizweho na Nsanzimana Sylvestre kuwa 30 Ukuboza 1991. Muri iyo mitingi
bagarutse ku matora bateganyaga gukora mu ishyaka ryabo rya Muvoma Iharanira Repubulika,
Demokarasi n’Amajyambere (MRND).
39
Iyo mitingi kandi yari yabanjirijwe n’urugendo rwari rwateguwe n’Interahamwe 61 za muvoma
ivuguruye, rutangirira i Nyabugogo bazamuka Kimisagara na Nyakabanda barusoreza ku kibuga
cy’imikino cya Nyamirambo ahari hateguwe kubera mitingi. Muri urwo rugendo indirimbo za
Bikindi n’iz’urubyiruko rwa Muvoma ivuguruye (JMRND) zasingizaga Perezida Habyarimana,
guverinoma, demokarasi, amatora, amahoro n’amajyambere ni zo zaririmbwaga.
Ubwisanzure bwari bwitezwe kuri demokarasi ishingiye ku mashyaka menshi ya poritiki
ntibwabaye bukigezweho kuko ayo mashyaka yashyize imbere iturufu y’amoko mu gushakisha
abayoboke. Ishyaka ry’Ukwishyira Ukizana, PL, ni ryo Abatutsi bagiyemo ariko rigafatanya
n’andi mashyaka nka PSD na MDR. Ingaruka zagaragaye icyo gihe ku Mututsi ni uko yakomeje
kugaragara nk’umwanzi w’igihugu naho yabaga ari mu ishyaka rya MRND abategetsi
ntibabyemeraga kuko bumvaga ko bari mu ishyaka PL, ishyaka bitiriraga Abatutsi.
Amashyaka kandi yakurikiwe n’ibikorwa by’urugomo hagati y’abayoboke b’amashyaka
atandukanye. Amashyaka yakunze kugaragara cyane muri ibyo bikorwa ni urubyiruko MRND
rwaje kumenyekana cyane mu izina ry’Interahamwe, urubyiruko rwa MDR rwari rwibumbiye
muri JMDR, n’urubyiruko rwa PSD rwari ruzwi ku izina ry’ “Abakombozi”.
Igihe cyarageze, Perezida Habyarimana Juvenal yaje gusanga ko amshyaka menshi yaraciye
imbaraga ishyaka rye rya MRND. Ku itariki 29 Mata 1991 muri kongere idasanzwe ya MRND
yabereye muri Hoteli y’uwa 5 Nyakanga yabajije abayoboke ba MRND niba bemeye guharikwa.
Mu gihe yari agitegereje icyo bamusubiza, yarongeye arababwira ati: “abahutu ni mwishyire
hamwe twe kwicamo ibice”. Yarongeye ati: “mwabonye ko nta mututsi ugira akarere, bose
bashyira hamwe”. Icyo gihe Habyarimana yabajije Abatutsi bari bitabiriye iyo kongere
idasanzwe aho bazavana indi ONU, bityo asubiramo inshturo y’indirimbo y’abanyuramatwi yo
mu myaka ya 1960. Iyi ndirimbo yahimbwe na ba PARMEHUTU baririmbye bishimira
kamarampaka bishongora ku Batutsi ko batsinze amatora, bababaza aho bazavana indi ONU
kuko bavugaga ko ariyo yabarengeraga kuva 1959 bameneshwa bakanatwikirwa amazu. Ibi
yabivuze kugira ngo amashyaka yari afite abayoboke b’Abatutsi acikemo ibice; Abahutu bahuze
imigambi kuko hari hashize iminsi babumvisha ko umwanzi bafite ari umwe akaba ari ari
61
Interahamwe zo mu mujyi n’abayobozi ba MRND muri Kigali y’Umujyi zungani we n’izari zivuye muri komini
zari zigize Perefegitura ya Kigali zihimbaza urugendo. Abasesenguzi bavuga ko ari yo mitingi yakubise stade iruzura
ahantu hose.
40
“Umututsi”. Ntibyatinze kuko ishyaka rya CDR ryahise rishingwa riza ryuzuza ibyo
Habyarimana yari yaravuze mu mbwirwaruhame riyoborwa na Bucyana Martini wigize kuba
Minisitiri muri repubulika ya mbere n’iya kabiri62. Ishyaka CDR ryagenderaga ku mahame
n’amatwara y’ubuhezanguni (extremism) rikaba ritarihanganiraga umututsi ahubwo riharanira
inyungu za rubanda nyamwinshi ari we “Umuhutu” kandi rikorera mu kwaha kwa MRND.
Ishyaka CDR ryemewe bibyuranyije n’amategeko kuko mu mahame ya Minisiteri y’Ubutegetsi
bw’Igihugu yo kwemera ishyaka harimo kuba ishyaka ryagombaga kuba ridashingiye ku bwoko.
Aho ishyaka CDR rishingiwe, bikagaragara ko rishyigikwe n’ubutegetsi byatumye andi
mashyaka nayo yiremamo ibice bigendera ku matwara y’ubuhezanguni ashingiye ku bwoko
bw’abahutu byamenyekanye mu nyito ya “POWER PARMEHUTU”. Uyu mwaduko wahereye
mu ishyaka MDR yacitsemo ibice bibiri, MDR isanzwe na MDR Power yari ishigikiwe na
Karamira Froduard, Murego Donat n’abandi. Ishyaka PL naryo ryacitsemo ibice, PL Power
ishyigikirwa na Mugenzi Justin, Ntamabyariro Agnes, Komanda Mbonampeka Stanislas
n’abandi. Ishyaka PSD naryo ryacicemo ibice, PSD Power ishyigikirwa na Rafiki Yacynthe wari
Minisitiri w’Ibikorwa Remezo (MINITRAP), Nyungura n’abandi.
Ishyaka ya CDR n’ivuka ry’abahezanguni (Power) muyandi mashyaka byateje umwiryane mu
banyarwanda, bitiza umurindi Abahutu kwanga Abatutsi ndetse bidindiza ishyirwa mu bikorwa
by’amasezerano y’amahoro y’Arusha hagati ya FPR na guverinoma y’u Rwanda.
3.3.2. Ivuka ry’Umutwe w’Interahamwe n’indi mitwe yitwaraga gisirikare
Amateka yerekana ko ubutegetsi bwo mu Rwanda hagati ya 1990 na 1994 bwifashishije
urubyiruko mu mashyaka mu gucengeza amatwara y’urwango n’amacakubiri yagejeje u Rwanda
kuri Jenoside. Amashyaka yatangiye kureshya abantu mu ngeri zose ashakira cyane cyane mu
bakuru atibagiwe urubyiruko. Mu wa 1992 ni bwo urubyiruko rw’amashyaka rwashyigikiye ku
mugaragaro amashyaka rwari rumaze kwiyegurira. Urugero rwa hafi ni umutwe w’Interahamwe
wavutse uhereye ku ikipe ya Club Loisirs yayoborwaga na Kajuga Robert afatanije na Murenzi
62
Agace k’imbwirwaruhame ya Perezida Habyarima Juvenal, Kanguka yo kuwa 12/05/1992
41
Desiré wari umuyobozi wa PETRORWANDA63 mu wa 1991. Aba bagabo bombi bari
abarwanashyaka bakomeye ba MRND bakiri bato kandi bakunzwe cyane n’urubyiruko rwari
rutuye mu mujyi. Bamaze kwigarurira imitima y’urubyiruko rutari ruke, bashyikirije imigambi
yabo ubuyobozi bw’ishyaka MRND, iyo migambi yakirwa neza kandi umukuru w’Igihugu ari na
we washinze ishyaka MRND asezeranya inkunga iyo ari yo yose mu rwego rwo gufasha umutwe
wa JMRND-Interahamwe. Uyu mugambi wo gushyiraho umutwe w’Interahamwe umaze
gushyikirwa n’umukuru w’Igihugu, muri mitingi ya mbere y’Ishyaka MRND yabereye ku kibuga
cy’imikino i Nyamirambo, umunyamabanga mukuru waryo Matayo Ngirumpatse yashimangiye
igitekerezo cy’umukuru w’Igihugu cyo gukwirakwiza Interahamwe mu guhugu hose agaragaza
mu buryo buziguye uburyo zizafashwa. Mu ijambo rye yagize ati: “Natanze amabwiriza ko mu
kwezi kwa karindwi Interahamwe zigomba kuba ziri muri komini zose. Nahamagaye abakozi
bacu baba mu maperefegitura ngo bazabivugane n’abaperezida ba MRND mu maperefegitura,
dufite uburyo tuzabafasha ntashaka…ntagomba kuvuga hano ku buryo Interahamwe mu kwezi
kwa karindwi zizaba ziri hose”.
Mu ntangiriro za 1992, kubaka muri urwo rubyiruko icyo bitaga «uburwanashyaka» cyabaye
nk’irushanwa mu mashyaka yose. Ni muri urwo rwego havutse umutwe w’urubyiruko
rw’ishyaka MDR ruhabwa izina rya JMDR-Inkuba, mu ishyaka PSD havuka JPSD-Abakombozi
no muri PL havuka JPL. Ishyaka CDR n’ubwo ryari ritaremererwa mu rwego rw’amategeko ryari
rifite shami ry’urubyiruko JCDR-Impuzamugambi.
Muri mitingi nsobanurabubisha ya CDR yateranye ku itariki 20 Mata 1992 kuri Sitade
Nyamirambo, Bucyana Martin afatanije na Barayagwiza Jean Bosco ari na bo bashinze CDR
bashimangiye ko CDR ari ishyaka riharanira kunga no kurenganura inyungu za rubanda
nyamwinshi ari bo Abahutu. Mu mpera z’umwaka wa 1993, havutse udutsiko tw’abahezanguni
mu mashyaka, mu gisirikari no muri jandarumori twarwanyaga ishyirwa mu bikorwa
ry’amasezerano ya Arusha yari amaze gushyirwaho umukono. Bafatanyaga n’ibinyamakuru
byandika ndetse na RTLM yari imaze gushingwa. Mu gihe cya Jenoside urubyiruko rwibumbiye
mu mashyaka y’abahezanguni ari yo JMRND-Interahamwe, JPSD-Abakombozi, JCDRImpuzamugambi bafatanije mu gusoza umugambi wa Jenoside. Urundi rugero rugaragaza
63
André Guichaoua asobanura ko mu wa 1991 ari bwo Kajuga Robert yashinzwe ikipe y’umupira yitwa Club
Loisirs yaje kuvamo umutwe wa mbere w’Interahamwe ubwo Leta ya Habyarimana yari imaze kwemera
amashyaka menshi.
42
uruhare rw’abanyaporitiki mu gukwiza amacakubiri yaganishije kuri Jenoside n’ijambo Karamira
Froduard Visi-Perezida w’Ishyaka MDR yavuze akangurira imbaga nyamwinshi (Abahutu)
kwitandukanya n’Abatutsi. Ibyo yabivuze muri aya magambo: “twavuze neza ibyo mugomba
kwirinda. Muzirinde kurwanya undi muhutu. Twaratewe, ntitugomba kwitera na twe! Dukumire
umwanzi ushaka kutwambura ubutegetsi. Hutu Power, MDR Power, MRND Power, CDR Power,
Interahamwe Power, JDR Power, CDR Power, Abahutu bose turi Power”.
Kubaka uburwanashyaka birangiye ni bwo igikorwa cyo kwigisha urubyiruko intwaro kubyina
ijyana z’amashyaka, kwiyereka 64 cyatangiye. Mu 1992 urubyiruko rwari rwatoranyijwe muri
segiteri rwajyanywe mu bigo bya gisirikare i Gako mu Bugesera n’i Gabiro mu Mutara rutozwa
uburyo bwo kwica no gukoresha intwaro nk’imbunda na gerenade, ndetse n’iza gakondo.
Interahamwe zatwarwaga na bisi za ONATRACOM zafatiriwe, mu modoka za gisirikari
cyangwa mu zindi zabaga zakodeshejwe. Gutoranya abarwanashyaka byari bishinzwe abayobozi
b’ibiro nshingwabikorwa by’ishyaka, b’ubunyamabanga bw’igihugu nyirizina, babifashijwemo
n’abasirikari bakuru cyane cyane ab’umutwe warindaga Perezida Habyarimana (Abajepe).
Ababurugumesistiri bafatanije n’abakonseye ba segiteri bagize uruhare mu gufatanya n’inzego
z’ishyaka ndetse n’izi gisirikari mu gushishikariza urubyiruko kwinjira mu mutwe
w’Interahamwe no kwitabira imyitozo ya gisirikare. Mu gutoranya urubyiruko bashingiraga ku
miterere n’ubushobozi by’umubiri w’abifuzaga kwiyandikisha. Ariko abahoze ari abasirikare
bahitaga binjizwa muri uwo mutwe kubera ubunararibonye bari basanganywe . Nyuma y’igihe
kitari gito zamaragayo, zagarukaga zifite ubumenyi buhambaye nk’ubw’abasirikare. Zirangije
imyitozo zambitswe imyenda n’ingofero ziziranga maze zihabwa n’ibikoresho, birimo gerenade,
inkota, amashoka n’ibindi. Nyuma ni bwo izo Nterahamwe zakwirakwijwe mu gihugu cyose ari
na ko zikora ubwicanyi ahagiye hageragezwa iyicwa ry’Abatutsi. Zajyaga zigaragara aho MRND
yakoze mitingi ndetse n’ahabaga habereye imyigaragambyo.
3.3.3. Ishyirwaho rya Guverinoma y’inzibacyuho
Perezida Habyarimana amaze gushyiraho Minisitiri w’intebe Nsanzimana Sylvestre wari mu
ishyaka MRND yahuye kenshi n’abahagaraiye amashyaka kugira ngo bashyireho guverinoma
yahangana n’ikibazo cyariho cy’intambara. Bahura bwa mbere kuya 16 Kanama 1991,
64
Abo bitaga Abakombozi bagiraga umwiyereko bitaga kamucerenge; ingendo ya kamucerenge bakayita gukurura.
43
abanyamashyaka yandi ntibemeraga ko minisitiri w’intebe yava mu ishyaka rya MRND ariko
ingingo ya 12 mu itegeko-nshinga itaravugururwa yarabimwemereraga. Ayo mashyaka yanze
kujya muri guverinoma maze Minisitiri w’Intebe Nsanzimana Sylvestre ashyiraho guverinoma.
kuwa 18 Ukuboza 1991 Habyarimana yongeye guhura n’abahagarariye amashyaka ababwira ko
amashyaka yabo atagomba kwishyira hejuru y’andi, kandi ko minisitiri w’intebe yashyizweho
hakurikijwe itegekonshinga. Habyarimana yabemereye ko ibyo bifuza byazakorwa mu bihe biri
imbere ariko ko hagati aho ibirimo gukorwa biri mu murongo w’itegeko ririho. Icyo gihe
bifuzaga ko ububasha buri mu itegeko nshinga mu ngingo yayo ya 12 yabwamburwa bugahabwa
inteko ishinga amategeko. Bimaze kwanga abanyamashyaka batashye bavuga ko bakeneye inama
“Rukokoma” ariko Habyarimana we avuga ko amatora ari yo azakemura ibintu.
Guverinoma y’inzibacyuho yagiyeho kuya 30 Ukuboza 1991; PL, MDR, PSD na PSR zanga
kuyijyamo yavugaga ko guverinoma yagiyeho isa n’iyarisanzweho. Bayinengaga ibikurikira :
– Ntishobora guhamya demokarasi ishingiye ku mashyaka menshi,
– Ko itazashobora kugirana imishyikirano n’abadutera, ko itatugeza ku mahoro, ko
itazashobora gushyigikira amahoro n’umutekano mu gihugu cyose ngo yite no ku
burenganzira bwa muntu ;
– Ko idashobora gutuma impunzi zitahuka ngo banazishakire aho zitura ;
– Ko itazashobora kuzahura ubukungu, kandi ko itazashobora guhamagara inama
«Rukokoma» yo nzira yonyine babona yabakura mu butegetsi bw’ishyaka rimwe
ikabageza ku butegetsi bushingiye ku mashyaka menshi.
3.3.4. Imyigaragambyo y’amashyaka atavugaga rumwe na MRND
PL, PSD na MDR zishyize hamwe zigira ibyo zisaba Perezida Habyarimana maze
byakubahirizwa zikabona kujya muri guverinoma. Perezida Habyarimana yaje gushyiraho
Nsanzimana Sylvestre nka Ministri w’Intebe maze ayo mashyaka ahamagaza abanyamakuru mu
kiganiro kuya 15 Ukwakira 1991 yerekana ko atishimiye icyavuye mu kiganiro amashyaka
yagiranye na Habyarimana. Ntibyatinze, nyuma y’ibiganiro ayo mashyaka yagiranye na
Habyarimana, amashyaka MDR, PSD, PL na PSR yatangiye imyigaragambyo yo kwamagana
guverinoma. Aya mashyaka yarahagurutse arahagarara, ahangana mu bitekerezo yaba ari mu
44
byaro no mu mijyi. Yarivuze arivovota, aratongana aratongera, aratukana aratontoma, arajorana
arajombana ndetse arasogotana, arahondana aratwikana.
Imyigaragambyo ya mbere yatangiriye i Gitarama kuya 7 Mutarama 1992, ahahuriye abantu
batagira ingano berekana ko batifuza ubutegetsi buriho. Ku itariki ya 8 Mutarama 1992,
amashyaka ataravugaga rumwe na MRND yakoresheje imyigaragambo ikomeye mu Mujyi wa
Kigali. Iyo myigaragambyo yatangiye guhera saa kumi n’ebyiri za mu gitondo abantu benshi bari
bageze mu mihanda ya Nyarugenge ndetse no hirya mu komini z’Umujyi wa Kigali. Imihanda
irafungwa imodoka zirahagarikwa umujyi ubura amahoro. Bwari ubwa mbere abaturage
b’Umujyi n'aba Komini ya Nyarugenge by’umwihariko babona ibintu nk’ibyo. Uwo munsi
abigaragambya baturutse mu komini zose z’umujyi wa Kigali bahuriye muri “Rond point” ya
Kigali bakomeza bagana ku ngoro ya Minisitiri w’Intebe ku Kimihurura. Mu busitani bwa
Minisiteri y’Intebe ni ho babyiniye, bavuga ko bifuza gusesa guverinoma y’ishyaka rimwe rya
MRND, bashoje bavuga ko nibidakemuka buri wa gatatu w’icyumweru bazajya bishora mu
muhanda. Muri iyo myigaragambyo ntacyangiritse yewe nta n’uwabiguyemo. Nta duka
ryakinguye imiryango ndetse ari abakozi ba Leta n’abo mu bigo byigenga ntibitabiriye akazi ku
buryo busanzwe.
Ayo mashyaka yamaganaga uburyo Perezida Habyarimana n’ishyaka rye bari bakomeje
kubangamira ibiganiro by’amahoro no kugabana ubutegetsi kandi Habyarimana yari yaremeye ko
agiye guhindura Guverinoma akanashyiramo abo mu mashyaka ataravugaga rumwe na MRND.
Habyarimana icyo gihe yahinduye Guverinoma kuko ku itariki ya 30 Ukuboza 1991 ayishinga
Minisitiri w’Intebe Sylvestre Nsanzimana ariko ba Minisitiri bose bashyizwemo bari abo muri
MRND usibye umwe gusa Gaspard Ruhumuriza wakomokaga mu Ishyaka rya PDC
ryayoborwaga na Jean Népomuscène Nayinzira. Mu guhangana n’iyo myigaragambyo
y’amashyaka, hatoranyijwe abasore b’intarumikwa bo muri MRND bahabwa imbunda zo kujya
bahangana n’abo muri opposition.
Kuwa 19 Mutarama 1993, imyigaragambyo irangajwe imbere na MRND yabereye mu Mujyi wa
Kigali. Ku itariki 21 Mutarama 1993, Matayo Ngirumpatse, Perezida wa MRND ku rwego
rw’igihugu, yatangaje ko MRND itemera ibyagezweho mu masezerano y’amahoro birebana no
gusangira ubutegetsi.
45
3.3.5. Ishingwa ry’Ibitangazamakuru byari bishyigikiye umugambi wa Jenoside
Mu kunoza umugambi wa Jenoside, ubutegetsi bwa MRND bwashyigikiye ishingwa
ry’ibitangazamakuru bihembere urwango n’amacakubiri biganisha kuri Jenoside.
3.3.5.1. Ibitangazamakuru byahembereye urwango n’amacakubiri
Muri Mutarama 1992 ni nabwo hashinzwe Ikinyamakuru cyitwaga INTERAHAMWE cyari
gishamikiye kuri MRND kikayoborwa na Robert Kajuga wari umuyobozi w’Interahamwe ku
rwego rw’Igihugu. Iki kinyamakuru hamwe n’ibyitwaga Kangura, Kamarampaka, La Médaille
Nyiramacibiri, Echos des Mille Collines, Umurwanashyaka, biri mu byakwirakwije urwango
n’ubukangurambaga bwa Jenoside.
3.3.5.2. Uruhare rwa Radio-Tésion libre des Milles Collines (RTLM) mu gukwirakwiza
urwango rwibasira Abatutsi
Radio-télévision Libre des Mille Collines (RTLM), yatangiye itangaza makuru kuwa 8 Nyakanga
1993. Yari ifite icyicaro muri Segiteri ya Nyarugenge muri Komini ya Nyarugenge. RTLM
yashinzwe n’abayoboke ba MRND na CDR ikaba yari igamije gucengeza amatwara y’ishyaka
mu baturage ku buryo uwavuga ko yari radiyo ya MRND ataba yibeshye na gato.
RTLM yakoreraga muri Segiteri ya
Nyarugenge mu nyubako ya kabiri iri
ku muhanda KN 4 Ave i buryo uva ku
cyicaro cya Banki ya Kigali ugana ku
bitaro bikuru bya Kigali (CHUK).
Tariki 17 Mata 1994 mu gitondo nibwo
Ingabo za RPF-Inkotanyi zari mu
birindiro zabyo i Kagugu zarashe
studio n’iminara RTLM ntiyongera
kuvuga.Ubu hasigaye gusa igice
cy’umunara wayo.
Ishusho yavanywe ku murandasi www.lemonde.fr
46
Bamwe mu bagize uruhare mu gushinga RTLM hari Félicien Kabuga wari Perezida wayo,
Ferdinand Nahimana Umuyobozi wayo, Jean Bosco Barayagwiza akaba umuyobozi wungirije na
Phocas Habimana wakoraga mu buyozi ari n’umunyamakuru. Abanyamigabane b’ibanze b’iyi
radiyo rwagaragajwe na Tom Ndahiro ruriho abantu 1136 aho umugabane umwe wari
amafaranga 5000 Frw. Abanyamigabane b’icyiciro cya mbere ni Kabuga Félicien, Musabe
Pasteur, Ntilivamunda Alphonse, Nzirorera Joseph na Rwabukumba Seraphin. Abanyamigabane
b’icyiciro cya kabiri barimo Kamana Claver, Bagosora theoneste, Mbonye Kope Gratien na
Munyanganizi Donat. Icyiciro cya gatatu barimo Perezida Habyarimana Juvenal, Ngirabatware
Augustin, Sagatwa Elie na Simbikangwa Pascal. Icyiciro cya kane cy’abanyamigabane kigizwe
n’urutonde rw’abantu benshi barimo Joseph Serugendo, Ephrem Nkezabera, Augustin Hatari,
Charles Nzabagerageza, Silas Mucumankiko n’abandi bari ibyegera by’ubutegetsi65.
Iyi radiyo yamamaye cyane kubera ibiganiro mbwirwaruhame yahitishaga bihembera urwango
n’amacakubiri. Abanyamakuru bamenyekanye cyane kubera ibyo biganiro ni Gahigi Gaspard
wari umuyobozi ushinze gutunganya ibiganiro, George Ruggiu wari ufite ubwenegihugu
bw’ububiligi, Bemeriki Valerie, Kantano Habimana, Rucogoza Emmanuel, Nkomati Emmanuel,
Hitimana Noel, Joel Hakizimana, Ananiya Nkurunziza, Jean Baptiste Mbilizi wari ufite
ubwenegihugu bwa Zayire n’abandi.
RTLM yakoreraga ku butaka bwa Komini ya Nyarugenge igacishaho ibiganiro bigamije kubiba
inzagano mu banyarwanda ariko nta na rimwe ubuyobozi bwigeze bwiyama ubuyobozi bwa
RTLM, bufunge cyangwa bwirukane iyo Radiyo ku butaka bwayo.
Nyuma y’ihanurwa ry’indege ya Perezida Yuvenali Habyarimana kuwa 6 Mata 1994, RTLM
yatangaje ko Abatutsi ari bo bayirashe bityo ko Abahutu bagomba kwitabira icyo iyo radiyo
yitaga «intamabara ya nyuma» yo gutsemba Abatutsi. Imvugo yasubirwagamo kenshi ni iyo
“Gutema ibiti birebire”. Kubera ko iyi Radiyo yari yaramaze kwigarurira imitima y’abantu
benshi, byatumye ubwicanyi bugira imbaraga kandi bugakwirakwira vuba. Nta narimwe, yaba
ubuyobozi bukuru bw’igihugu, ubuyobozi bw’umugi wa Kigali cyangwa se ubwa Komini ya
Nyarugenge bwigeze bukoma mu nkokora gahunda ya RTLM yo kubiba amacakubiri no
gukangurira Abahutu kwica Abatutsi.
65
www.unictr.org, ICTR-99-52-T (Dossier Nahimana Ferdinand 23.9.2002). Structure de la Société RTLM S.A.
47
Félicien Kabuga, yari
Perezida wa RTLM
Ferdinand
Nahimana, Perezida
wa
Komisiyo
ishinzwe Tekinike na
programme
bya
RTLM
Barayagwiza
Jean Kantano Habimana, Valerie
Georges
Ruggiu,
Bosco, Umuyobozi wa Umunyamakuru
Bemeriki,
Umunyamakuru
komisiyo
ishinzwe
umunyamakuru
Imiyoborere
Iyi radiyo n’abanyamakuru bayo banakunze gukora icengezamatwara ryabo bifashishije
indirimbo za Simoni Bikindi na we uzwiho kuba yararirimbga indirimbo zahamagariraga
Abahutu kwishyira hamwe bakarwanya Abatutsi. Yari yarashinze itorero ryitwa “Irindiro” ari
naryo yacishagamo indirimbo nka “Mbwirabumva” na “Nanga abahutu”. Ng’uko uko urwango
rwagiriwe Abatutsi rwari rwarigishijwe, ibibatesha agaciro n’ibibaha isura mbi bikavugirwa mu
ruhame, hifashishije itangazamakuru, RTLM ikaba ku isonga.
3.3.6. Ishingwa ry’umutwe w’AMASASU66
Colonel Bagosora akimara kugaruka i Kigali avuye Arusha kuwa 9 Mutarama 1993, yakoresheje
inama zitandukanye na bagenzi be b‘intagondwa, barimo abasilikare bakuru nka Colonel Dr
Laurent Baransaritse wayoboraga ibitaro bya gisilikare bya Kanombe, Liyetona Kolonel Anatole
Nsengiyumva wayoboraga ingabo muri Gisenyi, Major Protais Mpiranya wayoboraga abasilikare
barindaga Perezida Habyarimana, Major Aloys Ntabakuze wayoboraga batayo parakomando,
Major Augustin Ntibihora wayoboraga serivisi yari ishinzwe ubwubatsi (Bâtiments militaires),
bashinze Ishyirahamwe ry’abicanyi mu ngabo z’u Rwanda baryita “AMASASU”. Iri
66
Alliance des Militaires Agacés par des Actions Surnoises et Séculaires des Unaristes
48
shyirahamwe ryayoborwaga na Bagosora, rikaba ryarabaye ku isonga yo gukwiza
ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside mu ngabo z’u Rwanda no gukangurira abasilikare kutazemera
kubana n’Inkotanyi, ahubwo bakitegura kurimbura Abatutsi kuko ngo Abatutsi bose bari ibyitso
by’Inkotanyi.
3.3.6. Ikwirakwizwa ry’intwaro mu baturage
Ukwezi kwa Mutarama 1994 kwaranzwe ku ruhande rumwe n’ibyishimo bya bamwe mu
Banyarwanda bari bishimiye ko abasilikare 600 b’inkotanyi n’abanyapolitiki babo basesekaye i
Kigali kuwa 28 Ukuboza 1993, baje kwitegura kwinjira mu nzego z’Inzibacyuho nkuko
zateganywaga n’amasezerano y’amahoro y’Arusha. Ku ruhande rwa Guverinoma y’u Rwanda
n’ingabo zayo, bo ntibabyishimiye, maze batangira ibikorwa by’ubukangurambaga bwa Jenoside
harimo gukaza imyitozo y’Interahamwe no kuziha intwaro. Mu Mujyi wa Kigali uwayoboraga
“auto-défense civile67” ni Komanda Bivamvagara akaba ari we wafatanije na Perefe w’Umujyi
wa Kigali Colonel Tharcisse Renzaho gukwirakwiza imbunda na gerenade muri ba Konseye
ndetse n’abayobozi b’imitwe y’Iterahamwe mu Mujyi wa Kigali.
67
Muri Kibungo yayoborwaga na Colonel Pierre Céléstin Rwagafirita; muri Kigali Ngari ikayoborwa na Major
Stanislas Kinyoni; i Cyangugu ikayoborwa na Colonel Singirankabo, i Gitarama ikayoborwa na Major JeanDamascène Ukurikiyeyezu, muri Butare na Gikongoro ikayoborwa na Colonel Aloyizi Simba wari ufite
abamwungirije barimo Colonel Alphonse Nteziryayo wagizwe Perefe wa Butare mu gihe cya Jenoside. Muri Gisenyi
na Ruhengeri auto-défense civile yayoborwaga n’abakuru b’ingabo muri izo Perefegitura aribo Colonel Anatole
Nsengiyumva ku Gisenyi na Augustin Bizimungu mu Ruhengeri.
49
UMUTWE WA KANE: JENOSIDE YAKOREWE ABATUTSI MU KARERE KA
NYARUGENGE
Imiterere y’Akarere ka Nyarugenge ubu ishingiye ku mpinduka zabayeho nyuma y’ivugurura
ry’imiterere ya Repubulika y’u Rwanda yabayeho muri 2006 muri gahunda yo kwegereza
abaturage ubuyobozi. Muri iryo vugurura Segiteri ya Nyarurama yometswe ku Karere ka
Kicukiro naho izindi segiteri zari zigize Komini ya Butamwa zahujwe na Komini ya Nyarugenge
bikora Akarere ka Nyarugenge. Mu rwego rwo kumenya uko Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu
Karere ka Nyarugenge uko gateye uyu munsi byatumye mu gukusanya amakuru dusuzuma uko
Jenoside yateguwe inashyirwa mu bikorwa dushingiye kuri izo komini ebyiri ari zo Komini ya
Nyarugenge na Komini ya Butamwa.
4.1. Gahunda yo gukwirakwiza umwuka mubi n’urwango ku Batutsi
Gahunda zose zigamije kubiba urwango ku batutsi zaheraga muri Komini ya Nyarugenge mbere
y’uko zikwizwa mu zindi komini zari zigize Umujyi wa Kigali. Ku itariki 8 Mutarama 1994
Perefegitura y’Umujyi wa Kigali yateguye inama yitabirwa n’inzego za gisirikare, amashyaka
yari igamije gutegura imyigaragambyo yakozwe ku itariki 9 Mutarama 1994 mu rwego rwo
kwamagana MINUAR. Kuri iyo tariki, igihe iyo myigaragambyo yarimo kuba, RTLM yarimo
gucishaho ikiganiro gikangurira Abahutu kwamagana MINUAR kubera ko irwanya Interahamwe
n’Impuzamugambi mu bikorwa byayo by’urugomo kandi ngo ikaba ishyigikiye FPR 68. Ku itariki
11 Mutarama 1994 habaye indi myigaragambyo yahuje MRND na CDR initabirwa na ba
Minisitiri Pauline Nyiramasuhuko na Callixte Nzabonimana n’abayobozi b’Umujyi wa Kigali.
Uyu mwuka mubi warakomeje kugeza Jenoside itangira muri Mata 1994.
4.2. Inzego z’ubutegetsi zatumye haba umwihariko mu itegurwa n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa
rya Jenoside mu Karere ka Nyarugenge
Akarere ka Nyarugenge kitwaga Komini ya Nyarugenge kugeza muri 1994 igihe Jenoside
yashyirwaga mu bikorwa. Guhera muri 1975 kugeza mu Ukwakira 1990 yitwaga Komini ya
Nyarugenge, ikaba yari icyicaro cy’inzego nkuru z’imitegekere y’igihugu zagize uruhare mu
68
Dr Bizimana Jean Damascène, Igihe.com yo kuwa 16 Mutarama 2017
50
gutegura no mu gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, haba mu Mujyi wa Kigali
n'ahandi mu gihugu. Reka tugaragaze zimwe muri izo nzego:
4.2.1. Ibiro by’Umukuru w’Igihugu (Présidence)
Ibiro by’Umukuru w’Igihugu byari muri Komini ya Nyarugenge bikaba byari biri aho ibiro
by’Umujyi wa Kigali n’Akarere ka Nyarugenge biherereye ubu. Ibiro bya perezida byari
bibangikanye
n'Urwego
rw’Igihugu
rw'Iperereza
rwitwaga
“Service
Central
des
Renseignements” ariho haberaga ibikorwa by’iyicarubozo ryakorerwaga Abatutsi, cyane cyane
guhera mu kwakira 1990 ubwo bashinjwaga kuba ibyitso by'Inkotanyi.
Benshi mu bahafungiwe barakubiswe cyane, bamwe barapfa, abagize amahirwe yo kuvamo
bakuramo ubumuga bukomeye. Ubuhamya bw’abafungiwe bakavamo bwumvikanisha neza
umugambi w’ubugome bwo kuburabuza no kurimbura Abatutsi wari ushyigikiwe n’urwego
rusumba izindi mu gihugu. Pascal Simbikangwa, umusirikare wari ufite ipeti rya kapiteni yari
icyamamare mu gukorera iyicarubozo abo Batutsi. Urugamba rwo kubohora u Rwanda rusoje
muri Nyakanga 1994, Kapiteni Pascal yahunze igihugu. Yamaze igihe ubutabera butazi aho
aherereye. Mu Kwakira 2008 yafatiwe mu kirwa cya Mayotte azira guhimba ibyangombwa.
Yahise anakurikiranwaho uruhare yagize muri Jenoside yakoreye Abatutsi. Ku itariki ya 24
Gicurasi 2018, yahamwe burundu ibyaha yaregwaga ahanishwa gufungwa imyaka makumyabiri
n’itanu. Ubu afungiye mu Bufaransa 69.
4.2.2. Urwego rw’ubugenzacyaha bitaga «criminologie»
Uru rwego rwakoreraga muri Jandarumori. Urwo rwego mbere rwitwaga Fichier central. Uru
rwego rwaje kumenyekanya cyane mu gukora urutonde rw’abantu babaga badashakwa na Leta
cyangwa se amabandi. Urwo rutonde rwaje kubanngikanywa n’urw’Abatutsi bari batuye muri
Nyarugenge bakanabishyira mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga (Informatique). Ibyo byatangiye mu
1992 bikorwa n’abajandarume b’Abafaransa bari bayobowe na Major Michel Laubardier 70. Abo
bajandarume bakoranaga na Majoro Laurent Munyakazi.
69
https://trialinternational.org/fr/latest-post/pascal-simbikangwa/, byasomwe kuwa 31 Gicurasi 2020
République du Rwanda, Rapport de la Commission Nationale Indépendante chargée de rassembler les preuves
montrant l’implication de l’Etat français dans le génocide perpétré, au Rwanda en 1994, Kigali, p. 79
70
51
4.2.3. Ikigo cya gisirikari cya Camp Kigali
Ikigo cya gisirikari cya Camp Kigali cyari giherereye muri Nyarugenge cyari mu bigo bikomeye
u Rwanda rwari rufite. Guhera mu Ukwakira 1990 cyari indiri y'ubugome n'urugomo
byakorerwaga Abatutsi bashinjwaga kuba ibyitso by'umwanzi wateye igihugu. Benshi mu
bafashwe babanje gufungirwa muri camp Kigali, bakorerwa amabazwa akaze mbere yo kujya
gufungirwa kuri sitade i Nyamirambo. Imwe muri za batayo zari muri Camp Kigali hari iyari
ishinzwe ubutasi yayoborwaga na Majoro Francois-Xavier Nzuwonemeye akungirizwa na
Kapiteni Innocent Sagahutu uvuka i Cyangugu 71. Muri iyi batayo habereye iyicarubozo rikomeye
kuko hafungirwaga Abatutsi bafatwaga mu byitso, bamwe baranahicirwa imirambo yabo
ikajyanwa muri morgue y’ibitaro bikuru bya Kigali bikitwa ko bishwe n’indwara ahubwo bazize
inkoni. Muri Camp Kigali ni na ho hiciwe abasirikari 10 b’Ababiligi bari barinze Minisitiri
Agatha Uwiringiyimana kandi abamwishe na bo bavuye muri Camp Kigali. Aha ni naho mu ijoro
ry’itariki ya 6 Mata 1994 indege ya Habyarimana ikimara guhanuka habereye inama yayobowe
na Colonel Bagosora yo kugena uburyo Jenoside igomba kwihutishwa. Kuri Mont Kigali habaga
indi Batayo yitwaga Huye yagize uruhare runini mu bwicanyi bwayogoje uduce twa Mumena,
Kivugiza, Saint André, Nyakabanda, Biryogo na Cyahafi. Bayoborwaga na Major Ntirikina
Faustin72.
Ishuri Rukuru rya Gisirikari na ryo ryari hafi y’icyicaro cya Minisiteri y’Ingabo muri
Nyarugenge. Indege ya Perezida Habyarimana igihanuka, muri ESM hateraniye inama zitegura
Jenoside zitumijwe Colonel Théoneste Bagosora. Igihe abasirikari b’Ababiligi bicwaga muri
Camp Kigali mu gitondo cyo ku itariki ya 7 Mata 1994 muri ESM harimo inama y’inzego nkuru
za gisirikari bari bibumbiye muri Comité de crise.
Inzego za gisirikari zagize uruhare rukomeye mu gukwiza urwango guhera mu 1991 aho
basobanuraga ko umwanzi ari Abatutsi bose n'abumvikana nabo kandi ko umuti ari ukubarimbura
bose. Muri Jenoside nyirizina aba basirikari bagize uruhare rukomeye mu bwicanyi bwibasiye
Abatutsi bo mu nkengero z’ibyo bigo uhereye ku Bitaro bya Kigali (CHK). Ibyo byatinyuye
abaturage bo mu Biryogo, Gitega na Cyahafi bishora mu bwicanyi.
71
72
Aba bombi baburanishijwe n’Urukiko Mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda Arusha muri Tanzania
République du Rwanda, Rapport de la Commission…
52
4.2.4. Ibigo by’imari byateye inkunga Jenoside
Akarere ka Nyarugenge karimo ibyiciro by’amabanki n’ibigo bikomeye bicunga amafaranga
yifashishijwe mu guha imyitozo abicanyi no mu kugura intwaro bakoresheje. Izo banki ni Banki
ya Kigali (BK), Banki y'Ubucuruzi y’u Rwanda (BCR) na Banki Nyafurika (BACAR).
Hakoreraga kandi na Minisiteri y’Imari n’Igenamigambi ndetse na Banki Nkuru y’Igihugu. Izo
nzego zose zayoborwaga n’abatoni b’ubutegetsi batangaga amafaranga ku buryo bworoshye kuko
bemeraga ibikorwa bibi yabaga agiye gukoreshwa.
4.2.5. Icyicaro cya Perefegitura y’Umujyi wa Kigali (PVK)
Kamini Nyarugenge ni yo yarimo icyicaro cya Perefegitura y’Umujyi wa Kigali yayoborwaga na
Perefe Tharcisse Renzaho guhera mu ntangiriro y’intambara yo kubohora u Rwanda. Niwe
wateguye akanayobora ibikorwa byose byo kurimbura Abatutsi. Jenoside itangira yahawe
ububasha budasanzwe aho yahaye amabwiriza yo kwica Abatutsi inzego z'ibanze yari ashinzwe
akoresheje kubaha imbunda no kubetegeka gushinga za bariyeri hirya no hino zihiga abo yitaga
abanzi n'ibyitso byabo. Perefe Renzaho yafatanyije n'abari ba Burugumesitiri Bizimana Jean wa
Komini ya Nyarugenge hamwe na Nyirinkwaya wayoboraga Komini Kacyiru. Ababurugumesitiri
bashyikirizaga amabwiriza abakonseye n'abaserire, na bo bakayshyira mu bikorwa. Ubwo
bubasha Perefe yari abufite no ku ngabo zose zakoreraga mu Mujyi wa Kigali, cyane ko na we
yari umusirikari mukuru.
4.2.6. Hotel des Diplomates
Yacumbikiye abakomeye bo muri MRND-CDR harimo abagize Leta y’Abatabazi n’abo mu
miryango yabo guhera mu ijoro ry’itariki ya 6 Mata 1994 indege y’uwari Perezida Habyarimana
ikimara guhanurwa. Nyuma yo kugenwa na Ambasaderi w’Ubufaransa mu Rwanda witwaga
Jean Michel Marleau no kurahira ku itariki ya 9 Mata 1994, abagize Leta y’Abatabazi
bakoresheje iyo hotel mu gutangiza ubwicanyi mu Mujyi wa Kigali n’ahandi hose mu gihugu
mbere y'uko bahungira i Murambi ya Gitarama. Mu gihe ariko Hotel des Diplomates
yacumbikiye abakuru b’abicanyi, ni byiza ko Hotel des Mille Collines yo yafunguriye imiryango
abahigwaga bose, abashoboye kuhagera benshi bakarokoka n’ubwo bagiriyemo ubuzima bugoye.
53
4.2.7. Igihugu cy’Itangazamakuru (ORINFOR)
Iki kigo cyashinzwe muri 1975 kiyoborwa na Mfizi Christophe kugeza mu 1992. Uretse kuba
cyarabarizwagamo Radiyo Rwanda yari radiyo imwe rukumbi yumvwaga n’Abanyarwanda bose
kugeza mu 1993 ubwo RTLM yavukaga, icyo kigo cyanakoraga umurimo wa Minisiteri
y'Itangazamakuru itarabagaho, kikageza ku bantu bose ibyemezo bikomeye by’ishyaka rya
MRND n'iby’inama y’abaminisitiri. Amabwiriza, amakuru n’amatangazo byanyuzwaga no mu
nyandiko z’Imvaho za buri cyumweru. Muri 1992 kandi ORINFOR yibarutse Terevisiyo y’ u
Rwanda, uburyo bwo gutara no gutangaza amakuru buriyongera.
Guhera mu 1990, Radiyo Rwanda yafashe umurongo w’ubutegetsi maze yamagana Inkotanyi
nabo ubutegetsi bw’icyo gihe bitaga ibyitso byazo. Yashyigikiye ubukangurambaga buryanisha
n’ubusumbanya Abanyarwanda bashingiye ku moko n’uturere, itera akanyabugabo ingabo zari
ku rugamba, ntiyigera ivugira inzirakarengane z'Abatutsi zatotejwe kuva mu Ukwakira 1990
igihe zafungwaga mu biswe ibyitso. Mu 1991 igihe amashyaka menshi yavukaga yagiye ku
ruhande rw’ishyaka ryari ku butegetsi rya MRND kandi yaragombaga kutabogama nk’uko
amategeko
yabiteganyaga.
Itangazamakuru
ryakoresheje
abanyamakuru
b’abahezanguni
bahemberaga urwango n’amacakubiri no gukwirakwiza ibinyoma. Rumwe mu ngero nyinshi ni
nko kuvuga ko abateye u Rwanda bari Abagande bari inyuma y’impunzi z’Abatutsi zari mu
mahanga.
Mu 1992 Radiyo Rwanda yahembereye ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi batagira ingano mu
Bugesera73 igihe umuyobozo wayo Nahimana Ferdinand yemeraga ko inyuzwaho itangazo
ry’ishyushyamutwe ryahamagariye Abahutu kwica Abatutsi kandi koko bakabikora. Icyo gihe
Radiyo Rwanda yakoragaho abanyamakuru n’abahezanguni barimo Florent Kampayana
wandikaga mu Mvaho, Jean Baptiste Bamwanga wakundaga gutumira abanyapolitiki
b’intagondwa muri Jenoside hagati bakagirana ibiganiro bya politiki, Frodouard Ntawurikura,
Augustin Karekezi waje kujya gukora kuri Radiyo Ijwi ry’Amerika n’abandi bahembereye
urwango n’amacakubiri yagejeje kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.
73
Itangazo ry’ibinyoma ryakwirakwijwe n’intagondwa z’Abahutu kuri Radiyo Rwanda ko hari Abahutu bakomeye
bagiye kwicwa n’Abatutsi bo mu Bugesera bohereza abana babo mu Nkotanyi
54
4.2.8. Radio Télévision Libre des Mille Collines (RTLM)
RTLM yashinzwe muri Mata 1993, itangira kumvikana mu Mujyi wa Kigali n'inkengero zawo
muri Nyakanga uwo mwaka. Yari mu murongo umwe na MRND wo gushyigikira ubutegetsi bwa
MRND bwariho, akarusho ikaba ko yavugaga ku buryo butaziguye ko Abatutsi bose bagomba
kwicwa kugira ngo ibibazo u Rwanda rwarimo birangire. Yatangiranye abanyamakuru b’umwuga
bavuye muri ORINFOR uhereye ku muyobozi mukuru wayo Ferdinand Nahimana.
RTLM yagize uruhare rutaziguye muri Jenoside kuko ari yo yarangaga aho Abatutsi bihishe
maze Interahamwe zikahabasanga zikabica. Yashimagije ubwicanyi bwakorwaga n’Interahamwe
kuri za bariyeri. Yatangaga amakuru y’ibinyoma ku ntambara hagati y’Inzirabwoba n’Inkotanyi,
aho yabuzaga Abahutu guhunga ngo bave mu murwa w’u Rwanda ahubwo ikabakangurira
kwikiza umwanzi aho yari hose. Yahaye urubuga abagize Leta y’Abatabazi bakwirakwiza
amatwara yabo yo kurimbura Abatutsi nta nkomyi, ndetse barayiherekeza kugeza mu buhungiro
muri Nyakanga 1994 imaze gutsindwa intambara y’amasasu 74.
4.2.9. Ibigo by’ubucuruzi (Amasoko, amaduka, inganda, …)
Ubuhamya bwatanzwe n’abahoze mu nzego z'ibanze bahamwe n’ibyaha bya Jenoside buhuriza
ku kuba Perefe Tharcisse Renzaho ari we wenyine watangaga essence ikoreshwa n’abari mu kazi
bose, ahereye ku gutwara Interahamwe zigiye kwica Abatutsu hirya no hino. Bayinyweraga kuri
Station ya ERP yari iruhande rwa Radiyo Rwanda. Perefe kandi ni we watangaga ibya ngombwa
byo kugenda ku modoka zose ziva mu Mujyi wa Kigali, cyane cyane izajyaga kuzana ibiribwa
n’ibinyobwa. Igihe ubwicanyi bwamaraga Abatutsi hagati ya Mata na Nyakanga 1994, ubuzima
bwarakomeje mu gace k'ubucuruzi nk’aho nta kibazo gihari kandi nyamara impande zose
Abatutsi baricirwaga kuri za bariyeri. Muri make umutungo mwinshi wari muri Nyarugenge
ugereranyije n’ahandi wateye inkunga ikomeye Jenoside kubera ko abicanyi ari ho bakuraga ibya
ngombwa byose bakeneye ari na yo mpamvu bamaze amezi asaga atatu yose bica Abatutsi.
74
Ikiganiro Bizimana yatangiye mu muhango wo gushyingura imibiri yabonetse mu Murenge wa Nyakabanda,
Kanama 2019
55
4.2.10. Uruhare rw’Amadini
4.2.10.1. Kiriziya Gatolika
Akarere ka Nyarugenge karimo ibyicaro by’amadini akomeye mu Rwanda, ahatangirwaga
amabwiriza n’amatangazo mbere y’uko agera mu bindi bice by’igihugu. Umuntu ahereye kuri
Kiriziya Gatolika ifite abayoboke benshi kurusha andi madini, umukuru w’abasenyeri, Musenyeri
Vincent Nsengiyumva yari atuye anakorera mu Kiyovu. Jenoside itangiye we na bagenzi be
ntibigeze bamagana ubwo bwicanyi bwakorerwaga inzirakarengane ziganjemo abayoboke babo.
Yahunganye na Leta y’Abatabazi ajya i Kabgayi. Kubera umubano ukomeye yari afitanye
n’abategetsi bakuru b’ishyaka rya MRND uhereye kuri Perezida Habyarimana ubwe, Musenyeri
Vincent Nsengiyumva yabaye umwe mu bagize Komite y’iryo shyaka mu gihe cy’imyaka irenga
icumi ayobora Komisiyo y’Imibereho Myiza y’Abaturage. Aho kwamagana no kurwanya politiki
y’ivangura rishingiye ku moko n’uturere yakorwaga na Perezida Habyarimana kandi igaragara ko
yima abana b’Abanyarwanda amahirwe, abagize iyo Komisiyo barayishyiye bavuga ko igamije
gukosora amakosa ya kera.
4.2.10.2. Itorero ry’Abangilikani mu Rwanda (EAR)
Muri 1994 Itotero ry’Abangilikani mu Rwanda, Diyosezi ya Kigali ryayoborwaga na Musenyeri
Adoniya Sebununguri yungirijwe na Musenyeri Jonathan Ruhumuriza. Aba bashumba bombi
nabo bakoranye bya hafi na Leta ya Juvénal Habyarimana. Bizimana yibutsa ko nyuma ya
Jenoside Jonathan Ruhumiriza yasimbuye Sebununguri wari warahunze ku buyobozi bukuru bwa
EAR. Abakirisitu baramwamaganye abandi bamushyigikiye, maze muri Kanama 1994 yandika
ibaruwa asa n’uwiyerurutsa avuga ko atigeze ajya mu nzego za Leta. Icyo gihe ngo yirindaga
gukoresha ijambo Jenoside ahubwo yavugaga ko u Rwanda rwahuye n’akaga, uburyo bumwe
bwo gupfobya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsu75.
4.2.10.3. Abayisiramu
Hari inkuru zitari zo zakwijwe n’abantu bamwe bavuga ko Abayisiramu batakoze Jenoside.
Nk’uko byagenze hose, hari bamwe mu Bayisiramu bakoze Jenoside, ariko haboneka n’abandi
75
Bizimana, op.cit.
56
bayirwanyije. Mu Karere ka Nyarugenge uwamamaye mu bwicanyi bwamaze imbaga y’Abatutsi
ni Konseye Amuri Karekezi wayoboraga Segiteri ya Biryogo afatanyije n’abasore b’Interahamwe
zo muri iryo dini barimo uwitwa Karimu wagendanaga imbunda. Mu Biryogo na Nyamirambo
hari abataragiye kuri za bariyeri ariko bakaranga aho Abatutsi bihishe bakicwa. Ngeze Hassan
wayoboraga Kangura na we yari umuyisiramu kandi uruhare rwe mu gutegura no gukangurira
gukora Jenoside rurazwi nk’uko byanemejwe n’Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha
Rwashyiriweho u Rwanda rwamuhanishije igihano cyo gufungwa imyaka mirongo itatu mu
200776.
4.3. Imibereho y’Abatutsi nyuma y’igitero cy’inkotanyi cyo kuwa 1 Ukwakira 1990
4.3.1. Muri Komini ya Nyarugenge
Inkuru y’Intambara yo kubohora igihugu yatangiye mu kwezi k’Ukwakira 1990 yaje isa
nitunguye benshi muri Komini ya Nyarugenge. Kuva Perezida Habyarimana yitabira ibirori byo
Kwambika Fred Rwigema ipeti rya “General Major” umwuka w’amacakubiri n’ubwo wari
usanzweho wahinduye isura. Inkuru imaze kumenyekana ko abateye u Rwanda ari impunzi zo
mu 1959 n’abana babakomotseho, byateye Abatutsi bari bakuru ubwoba bahereye ku ngaruka
zabaye mu 1960 na 1964 ubwo Inyenzi zagabaga ibitero ahantu hatandukanye mu gihugu. Kuva
icyo gihe imibanire yariho hagati y’Abahutu n’Abatutsi yarahindutse. Abahutu bahembera
umwuka w’urwikekwe no kutizera Abatutsi kubera ko Abahutu benshi bemezaga ko Abatutsi
bari bazi umugambi w’uko Inkotanyi zizatera u Rwanda.
Haje kwaduka imvugo nyinshi ndetse zihabwa urubuga n’abategetsi. Muri icyo gihe bamwe mu
Bahutu batangiye kujya bavuga ngo “Inyenzi zagarutse, ubwami bwagarutse”. Ubwo ingo
zihagarika umubano ndetse no kugenderana bavuga ngo “Abatutsi mutwihishemo”. Abana
batangira kubwira bagenzi babo ngo “mwe tuzabica” ndetse no mu bakuru byaravugwaga. Muri
uko kwiyegeranya, babinyujije mu mvugo mbi no gutukana by’urukozasoni, Abatutsi bahawe
akato ndetse no kurebwa nabi. Abajyaga basangira nyuma y’akazi ndetse n’aho bahuriraga
ntibyari bigishobotse kuko babonaga Umututsi nk’umwanzi wabo. Urugero mu kabari kabaga mu
nzu ya Colonel Nsekarije muri Serire ya Bwahirimba muri Segiteri ya Rugenge gakorerwamo na
murumuna wa General Gatsinzi kirukanwemo Abatutsi banyweragamo.
76
https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/hassan-ngeze
57
Urwikekwe rwarakomeje ndetse bituma misa y’igitaramo cya Noheli 1990 yagombaga kubera
kuri Kiriziya y’Umuryango Mutagatifu (Sainte Famille) iburizwamo na Padiri Karibushi kubera
umugambi mubi wari wateguwe muri iryo joro ku bakirisitu b’Abatutsi bagombaga kuza muri
icyo gitaramo77.
Mu Ukwakira Inkotanyi zitangiza urugamba rwo kubohora u Rwanda abaturage benshi ba
Komini ya Nyarugenge babaye nk’abatunguwe. Ariko hari n’abandi batigeze batungurwa kuko
amakuru menshi yatangiye guhwihwiswa mu 1988 bavuga ko impunzi zo 1959 na 1973 zahuye
zigashyiraho umuryango uzihuza. Mu 1989 hari ibinyamakuru byandikirwaga mu Rwanda
bitangaza ko impunzi zishaka gutaha ku ngufu. Ngeze Hassan wari umunyamakuru
w’ikinyamakuru Kanguka cyayoborwaga na Rwabukwisi Vincent bitaga «RAVI», asezera mu
kinyamakuru Kanguka ahita ashinga Kangura. Umunyemari Kajeguhakwa Valens wari
watangiye gutungwa agatoki ko hari aho ahuriye n’itahuka ry’impunzi yahise ahunga igihugu.
Iya 1 Ukwakira 1990 inkuru iba ibaye impamo Inkotanyi zinjirira ku mupaka wa Kagitumba.
Rugero Paulin wari ufite imyaka 31 muri icyo gihe yakoreraga muri «Quartier Matheus» ahitwa
kwa Fatake avuga uko yabonye impunzi zageze bwa mbere mu mujyi wa Kigali. Nicyo
cyamwemeje ko igihugu cyatewe n’abo bise icyo gihe «Inyangarwanda».
Rugero akomeza agira ati : «ku itariki ya 2 Ukwakira mu gitondo tuje ku kazi ni bwo mu mujyi wa
Kigali aho ikaragiro rya Nyagatare ryacururizaga amata n’ibiyakomokaho, ni hariya hubatse
inzu ya Ruhamyambuga Paul «City Plaza», twahabonye impunzi nyinshi zari ziturutse mu
Mutara. N’ubwo itegeko ryari ryagiyeho ko nta bantu bahagararana barenze batatu, abantu bari
bafite amatsiko yo kumenya uko ibintu bimeze kandi abari bafite ayo makuru ni abari bavuye i
Nyagatare. Bakomeje kuza ari benshi ariko ubwoba na twe buratwica kuko twabonaga
bidasanzwe. Aho ni ho bari bateraniye noneho abantu bakagira amatsiko yo kujya kubareba ari
na ko bababaza amakuru ariko abajandarume n’abasirikare bakabakumira kuko amabwiriza
yari yatanzwe ko nta bantu barenze batatu bahagararana 78».
Kuri iyo tariki ya 2 Ukwakira 1990 Perezida Habyarimana wari witabiriye inama muri Leta
Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika yasubitse inama ikitaraganya agaruka i Kigali. Mu ijambo rye kuri
Radiyo Rwanda yabwiye Abanyarwanda ko gihugu cyatewe n’abanzi b’amahoro, avuga ko ari
77
78
Ubuhamya bwatanzwe n’umuturage wa Rugenge warokotse Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, Mutarama 2019.
Ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Rugero Paulin, Nyakabanda, Werurwe 2019
58
Inyenzi-Nyangarwanda. Muri urwo rugamba rwari rutangiye u Rwanda rwatabawe bwangu
n’abasirikare b’igihugu cya Zayire 79 n’Ububirigi, igihugu cya Misiri gitanga intwaro ziganjemo
imbunda bitaga L4.
4.3.2. Muri Komini ya Butamwa
Intambara yo kubohora itangira igihugu itangira mu Ukwakira 1990, hari imvugo yateye mu
Bahutu bamwe nabamwe bari batuye muri Komini ya Butamwa bavugaga ko Inyenzi zateye u
Rwanda zishaka gutsemba Abahutu ndetse no Kugarura ingoma ya Cyami. Inkuru y’uko Igihugu
cyatewe yageze mu baturage b’i Butamwa ikererewe ho gatoya izanywe na Karinganire
wakoreraga umuzungu witwa Jean Pierre Charbonau80, icyo gihe wakoraga ataha i Butamwa
muri Serire Karukina. Amaze kugera aho yari atuye, yasanze abaturage bataramenya ko
intambara yatangiye ni uko afata umwanya wo kubibabwira babimenya batyo 81.
Nubwo Komini ya Butamwa yarigizwe na segiteri y’icyaro, umukwabu, amabariyeri ndetse
n’amarondo byahise bishyirwaho bityo bitangira kugenzurwa na Burugumestre wariho icyo gihe
Ruberangondo Stanislas abifashijwemo n’abapolisi ba Komini, ba konseye ba za segiteri, ba
resiponsabure n’abandi bari mu buyobozi. Kuva ku itariki 2 Ukwakira 1990, ubuyobozi bwa
Komini ya KOMINI YA BUTAMWAButamwa bwahagaritse imirimo mu biro bya Komini,
maze Munyakazi Jean Chrisostome wari umukozi wa Komini afatanije na Gahamanyi Geregori
wari umuyobozi wa Serire Karukina bakwirakwiza inyandiko mu baturage zo gushishikariza
Abahutu kurushaho kwanga Abatutsi, bavuga ko Abatutsi bashaka kugarura ingoma ya Cyami
yari yarabakandamije.
Izo ngorane Abatutsi b’i Butamwa bagize ziyongereyeho itotezwa n’amagambo yuzuyemo
incyuro babwirwaga n’abaturanyi b’Abahutu, batangira kubabwira ko bene wabo bateye, kandi
ko Abatutsi bateguye gucukura imyobo yo gushyiramo Abahutu. Abo batashyiragaho amakenga
cyane cyane ababaga baturutse kure y’aho batuye bahitaga babata muri yombi cyangwa se
bakanabica82.
79
Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo y’iki gihe.
Yakorega mu kigo cya CELA.
81
Ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Karinganire Dismas, Mageragere, Ugushyingo 2018
82
Ikiganiro twagiranye na Hitimana Pio, Mwendo, Ugushyingo 2018
80
59
Imibanire y’Abahutu n’Abatutsi n’ubwo hagati yabo wasangaga nta bibazo bikomeye cyane
birimo, Igitero cyo ku itariki ya 1 Ukwakira 1990 cyatumye Abahutu bagaragaza urwango ku
Batutsi. Urugero n’ibyabaye kuri Dismas Karinganire yakoraga muri CELA muri Rugenge.
Avuye ku kazi yanyuze mu kabari yari asanzwe anyweramo kari gaherereye hafi y’ibiro bya
Komini asangamo uwari Burigadiye wa komini witwa Kabera n’undi mugabo witwa
Munyakayanza, arabasuhuza maze asaba inzoga ya Primus. Nyuma batangiye kumushotora
haziramo no kumukubita bamuziza ko ngo bene wabo baje kubakura “Amata ku munwa” 83.
Muri Segiteri ya Rwesero uwari konseye Télesphore Gatare wari Umututsi84 akimenya ko
Inkotanyi zinjiriye i Kagitumba yabibwiye umuryango we ko Abatutsi bagiye kujya mu kaga
kuko yari asanzwe azi ibyabaye ku Batutsi igihe Inyenzi zateraga mu myaka ya 1960. Abaturage
ba Segiteri ye bashishikarijwe na Ndizihiwe Ananiya wiyitaga umunyabwenge 85 n’umugore we
Geneveva Kambayire kumukura ku buyobozi bwa segiteri azira ko ari Umututsi. Icyo gihe
banditse inyandiko zidasinye bazikwirakwiza hirya no hino bavuga ko Gatare naramuka asubiye
mu biro bya Segiteri bazamuca amaguru n’amaboko86. Imyigaragambyo yarakomeje uwitwa
Rutare, Gatete na Gatera bene Rutare, Mahembe Célestin, Helena umugore wa Gatabazi, bajya
ku isonga y’iyo myigaragambyo no gutesha agaciro uyu Konseye Gatare. Ibyo byakorerwaga
konseye wari warashyizweho n’abaturage mu gihe amatora y’abakonseye yabaye kuya 21
Mutarama 1990. Ibyo kandi byamukorerwaga Burugumesitiri Stanislas Ruberangondo abizi
ntiyagira icyo abikoraho. Konseye Gatare mu bushishozi yagiraga ahitamo gusezera ku buyobozi
bwa Segiteri ya Rwesero87.
Bariyeri zari zashyizwe mu mihanda nyabagendwa zaje kurindwa n’abasirikare bafatanyije
n’abasivili88. Imbere y’ibiro bya Komini ya Butamwa hari bariyeri y’abapolisi Burigadiye,
Kabera Stanislas na Munyakayanza Jean Chrisostome. Yariho kandi n’abasirikare ndetse
n’abasore baturukaga ahitwa i Rugendabari. Indi yari imbere yo kwa Padiri Karidinari iriho
abasirikari n’abaturage bari batuye hafi yayo. Uwazinyuragaho wese bamwakaga indangamuntu,
basanga ari Umututsi bakamwicaza aho bakamubuza urugendo. Iyakaremye Athanase wari
83
Ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Karinganire Dismas, Mageragere, Ugushyingo 2018.
Gatare Télesphore yabaye Konseye wa Segiteri ya Rwesero, yaje kwicwa muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.
85
Uyu Ananiya Ndizihiwe yigeze kuba Agronome.
86
Ubuhamya bwatanzwe n’umuturage ukomoka muri Segiteri Rwesero, Mageragere, Ugushyingo 2018.
87
Ubuhamya bwatanzwe n’umukazana wa Gatare Telesphore. Mageragere, Ugushyingo 2018.
88
Hari bariyeri yari mu Rugarama yari iriho abasirikare b’Abazayirwa.
84
60
Konseye wa Segiteri ya Rugarama abifashijwemo n’ubuyobozi bwa Komini n’inzego za
gisilikare bahise bashyira bariyeri ku Kimisange. Iyo bariyeri yaje kurindwa n’abasirikare b’u
Rwanda ndetse n’abasirikare ba Zayire bari baje gutabara u Rwanda mu ntambara rwari rurimo
na FPR-Inkotanyi. Hafi yaho gato hari indi yashyizweho irindwa n’abaturage bo muri Segiteri ya
Rugarama.
4.4. Bamwe mu bateguye bakanashyira mu bikorwa Jenoside muri Komini ya Nyarugenge
Komini ya Nyarugenge yari ifite umwihariko wo kuba icyicaro cy’inzego z’ubuyobozi ku rwego
rwo hejuru, Komini ya Nyarugenge yagombaga kuba ku isonga y’ishyirwa mu bikorwa
y’ibyemezo byose byafatwaga n’inzego cyane cyane iza gisirikare mu gushishikariza abaturage
kwitabira ubwicanyi. Usibye kuba Jenoside yarateguwe n’inzego z’ubuyobozi n’abategetsi bo
hejuru, muri Komini ya Nyarugenge, Jenoside yashyizwe mu bikorwa n’abayobozi bari bakuriye
inzego zose z’ubuyobozi bafatanije n’abasirikare. Ab’ingenzi twavuga ni aba bakurikira:
4.4.1. Colonel Tharcisse Renzaho
Colonel Tharcisse Renzaho yari umuyobozi w’Umujyi wa Kigali washyizweho na Perezida
Habyarimana hashize iminsi ine intambara y’Inkotanyi yo kubohora u Rwanda itangiyera kugera
Nyakanga 1994. Yari afite igitinyiro n’ububasha by’umusirikari mukuru mu ngabo z’u Rwanda.
Colonel Renzaho Tharcisse yagize
uruhare rukomeye mu gutegura no
gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe
abatutsi mu mujyi wa Kigali.
Yitwaje amategeko yo mu bihe
bidasanzwe maze yiha ububasha bwose
ndetse aburizamo n’inzego zagombaga
kumufasha gutegeka. Yasigaye akora
wenyine anyuze muri Komite y’Umujyi
Ishinzwe Umutekano.
Mu gihe cya Jenoside, Inama y’Umujyi nta jambo yagize kuko uretse no kuba benshi mu bari
bayigize nta bushobozi bari bafite kubera amashuri make, nta n’ubwo bashoboraga kugira ijambo
61
rivuguruza umusirikari mukuru mu bihe bikomeye by’intambara n’impinduka za poritiki 89.
Byongeye kandi, birazwi ko ubutegetsi bwa Habyarimana bwifashishije intambara kugira ngo
bugaragaze ko ibibazo by’Abanyarwanda byaterwaga n’abari hanze y’igihugu, kandi ko ikibazo
cyari hagati y’amoko y’Abahutu n’Abatutsi ko atari icya poritiki ye mbi. Tharcisse Renzaho
n’abari bamwungurije n’inzego zose z’ubutegetsi bari basangiye imyumvire n’ingengabitekerezo
y’ivanguramoko
yari
yaratangijwe
na
Perezida
Grégoire
Kayibanda
igashimangirwa
bidasubirwaho na Perezida Habyarimana abinyujije mu ishyaka rimwe rukumbi rye rya MRND.
Yikinze mu kiza cy’intambara maze ashyiraho amategeko yo mu bihe bidasanzwe nko kwitwaza
ibya ngombwa by’inzira zizwi nka “Laisser-passer, permis de résidence na “feuille de route”
bigamije kugenzura abaturage by’umwihariko Abatutsi bari biswe abanzi b’igihugu. Yagize
uruhare mu gutegura no kuyobora inama nkangurambaga zishishikariza abaturage kwitabira
ubwicanyi, gukwirakwiza intwaro mu bayobozi b’inzego z’ibanze no mu Nterahamwe no
kuyobora ibitero aho Batutsi bahungiye. Muri make, kuyobora Umujyi wa Kigali byamuhesheje
ubushobozi no kugira uruhare rukomeye mu gutegura no gushyira mu bikorwa umugambi
mubisha wo kwica Abatutsi mu Mujyi wa Kigali muri rusange no muri Komini ya Nyarugenge
by’umwihariko.
Renzaho Tharcisse yaburanishijwe n’Urukiko Mpuzamahanga wagiriyeho u Rwanda Arusha
muri Tanzaniya rumushinja Jenoside n’ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu harimo kwica no
gusambanya Abatutsikazi ku ngufu. Ku itariki ya 14 Nyakanga 2009, umushinjacyaha
yamusabiye igihano cyo gufungwa burundu. Nyuma yo kujurira, ku itariki ya 1 Mata 2011
yahamwe ibyaha yaregwaga n’icyo gihano 90.
4.4.2. Bizimana Jean
Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, nyuma yo kubona impamyabushobozi ya kaminuza yakoreze
imirimo mu ishyaka rya MRND no muri peresidansi y Repubulika bityo bikaba byaramuhaye
kuba umuntu wizewe muri politiki n’ubutegetsi. Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 itangira
yari afite imyaka 36 y’amavuko.Yari umuyoboke w’imena w’ishyaka rya MRND.Yateguye
89
Iki ni icyiswe Commission de synthèse yarimo Renzaho na Bagosora yashyizweho muri Nzeri 1990 kugira yige ku
bibazo by’ubwisanzure bwa poritiki mu Rwanda n’itahuka ry’impunzi.
90
https://trialinternational.org/fr/latest-post/tharcisse-renzaho, byarebwe kuri murandasi kuwa 11 Nzeri 2019
62
Jenoside muri komini yategekaga kandi yanavuzwe mu bitero by’Interahamwe yayoboye mu
kigo cyitiriwe Mutagatifu Pawulo, CELA no kuri Kiliziya y’Umuryango Mutagatifu ari kumwe
na Perefe Tharcisse Renzaho. Icyibukwa cyane kikaba ari icyo kuwa 14 Kamena 1994
cyaguyemo Abatutsi 44 91.
Abamenye Bizimana Jean batangazwa n’ubugome yakoze muri Jenoside kuko ubusanzwe nta
bukana yagaragazaga kimwe n’abandi bahezanguni92. Yari umuyoboke ucecetse wa MRND
utarabigaragazaga mu ruhame. Iyo uganiriye nawe aho afungiye i Mpanga wumva asa n’uwicuza
ibyo yakoze nk’umuyobozi wari mu butegetsi bwateguye bukanahagarikira Jenoside. Ariko
ntasobanura neza ibikorwa bye birimo ibizwi nk’ubwicanyi bwabereye kuri CELA muri Rugenge
ku itariki ya 8 Mata 1994 bunavugwa mu rubanza rwa Tharcisse Renzaho bari kumwe. Mu
buhamya atanga uruhare rwe bwite muri Jenoside asa n’uruca hejuru. Yanashatse kugira
Tharcisse Renzaho umwere nyiyabigeraho kubera ko yanyomojwe na Longolongo Huessein
bakoranye ubwicanyi bwose93.
Longolongo azi byinshi kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri segiteri ya Rugenge ku buryo
amakuru ye afite gihamya. Urukiko Gacaca rw’umurenge wa Rugenge rwmurenze ibyaha
bikurikikira kandi byose biramuhama: yari mu bitero byishe abari bahungiye muli CELA kuwa
22 Mata 1994, kuri Saint Paul 24 Mata 1994 no kuwa kuwa 14 Kamena 1994, kuri Sainte Famille
kuwa 17 Kamena 1994, kwica mu ngo ku matariki atandukanye kuva kuwa 07 Mata kugera 04
Nyakaganga 1994no gucura umugambi w’ubugizi bwa nabi94.
Bizimana yahunganye na Leta y’Abatabazi muri Zayire ahungukana n’ikivunge cy’impunzi
z’Abanyarwanda muri 1997. Yahise afatwa arafungwa. Mu kuburana kwe ntiyigeze agorana
kuko uruhare rwe bwite n’urw’ubutegetsi yakoreraga rwigaragazaga. Yarireze yemera ibyaha
byose yakoze akanasaba imbabazi abarokotse Jenoside cyane cyane abari95. Ubu afungiye muri
Gereza ya Mpanga iri mu Karere ka Nyanza mu Majyepfo y’u Rwanda nyuma yo kuburanishwa
91
Ibitero bikomeye byibasiye Sainte Famille, Saint Paul na CELA ku matariki atandukanye
Umutangabuhamya Gervais Dusabemungu ahamya ko mbere ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 yabonaga
Bizimana Jean nk’umuntu wacishaga make, werekanaga ko yakundaga abantu kandi akaborohera. Yakundaga
92
gukina umupira wa basiketi.
93
Ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Longolongo Hussein wari ukuriye Interahamwe zishe Abatutsi kuri CELA, Kigali, 2018
94
Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge w’Umurenge wa Rugenge, Nyarugenge, 2007
95
Ikiganiro twagiranye ku itariki ya 30 Ugushyingo 2018 i Mpanga
63
n’Inkiko Gacaca no guhanishwa n’igihano cyo gufungwa burundu ku itariki ya 9 Ugushyingo
200996.
4.4.3. Padiri Munyeshyaka Wenceslas
Padiri Munyeshyaka Wenceslas yari umusaseridoti muri Paroisse Sainte Famille iherereye muri
segiteri yitwaga Rugenge. Wenceslas Munyeshyaka akurikiranyweho icyaha cya Jenoside we
ubwe nk’umuntu wayiteguye, washishikarije abandi gukora Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.
Wenceslas yarenze ku inshingano ze zo kwigisha urukundo n’iyobokamana, ahubwo mu nyigisho
za kiriziya bimubera umwanya wo kubiba inzangano no gushishikariza Abahutu kwica Abatutsi.
Padiri Wenceslas yakoranye bya hafi cyane n’inzego za gisirikare n’Interahamwe mu
kuborohereza kwinjira gufata Abatutsi muri kiriziya aho bahungiye bakajya kubica. Icyo yakoze
n’uko yavanze Abatutsi bahungiye mu kiriziya no muri CELA n’Interahamwe mu rwego rwo
kumenya imibare n’ubwoko bw’Abatutsi bahahungiye.
Nyuma y’ibyumweru nka bibiri izo Nterahamwe zarasohotse ziragenda kubera ko zari zishoje
inshingano zari zahawe zo kumenya umubare w’Abatutsi bahahungiye no gukora urutonde
rw’Abatutsi bagomba kwicwa. Haje gukurikiraho gahunda yo guhererekanya Abatutsi bahungiye
muri Saint Paul na Sainte Famille bahunga ubwicanyi n’Abahutu bahunze imirwano hagati
y’ingabo zarwaniraga Leta yarimo gukora Jenoside. Padiri Wenceslas Munyeshyaka yinjiye muri
Kiriziya kubaza mu ruhame ashaka kumenya impunzi zifuza kujya mu duce twabohojwe
n’ingabo za FPR maze mu ijwi riranguruye avuga ati: “Inyenzi nizijye ku ruhande
biyandikishe!”. Ibyo yabibajije ku mugaragaro kugira ngo Abatutsi bahahungiye bigaragaze.
Inkurikizi yabyo ni uko yanditse amazina y’Abatutsi ku mpapuro ebyiri, rumwe aruha MINUAR
urundi aruha Interahamwe ari na rwo bagenderagaho baza kujonjora Abatutsi bagomba kwicwa.
Urwo rupapuro ni rwo interahamwe zifashishije itariki 14 Kamena 1994 zijonjora Abatutsi
bageze ku ijana biganjemo abasore bajya kubica.
Tariki ya 17 Kamena 1994 yinjiye mu kiriziya abwira impunzi z’Abatutsi ko abasirikare
b’Inkotanyi baraye batwaye Abatutsi, ngo ntibikange babonye Interahamwe zije kwihorera.
96
Urukiko Gacaca rw’umurenge wa Nyarugenge, Nyarugenge, 2009 na https://www.justiceinfo.net/en/hirondellenews/21990-en-en-091109-rwandagacaca-life-sentence-for-former-mayor-bizimana1279712797.html, byarebwe kuri
murandasi kuwa 15 Nzeri 2019
64
Ntibyatinze kuko byageze saa yine Interahamwe zikaza zikica Abatutsi bari bahasigaye.
Imyitwarire ya Padiri Wenceslas Munyeshyaka yatumye Abatutsi benshi bicwa tariki 17 Kamena
1994 mu gitero cyayobowe na Major Laurent Munyakazi ku bufatanye na Colonel Tharcisse
Renzaho. Josephat Umwangavu avuga ko Padiri Munyeshyaka yatindije gahunda MINUAR yari
ifite yo guhungisha Abatutsi ibajyana ku ruhande rwagenzurwaga n’ingabo za FPR. Muri iki
gikorwa cyo guhungisha Abatutsi, Wenceslas Munyeshyaka yafashe urutonde rw’Abatutsi
basabye guhungishwa ku ruhande aruha Interahamwe byazifashije kuza kujonjora abagabo
n’abahungu batwawe kwicwa. Ubundi buryo yakoresheje ni uko yagabanyije umubare
w’abagomba guhungishwa mu gihe ingabo za MINUAR zitari zibuze imodoka zo gutwara izo
mpunzi97.
Padiri Wnceslas Munyeshyaka ntiyatinye gusambanya abakobwa n’abagore bari bahungiye kuri
Ste Famille mu rwego rwo kwigura kugira ngo baticwa ariko ntibyababuzaga kugirirwa nabi.
Ababyanga bo bahitaga bicwa. Urugero rw’ihohoterwa ryakozwe na Padiri Munyeshyaka
Wenceslas ni iraswa rya Hyacinthe Rwanga, umukobwa wa Karoli Rwanga wifujwe na Padiri
ariko Hyacintha arabyanga. Ntibyatinze kuko Hyacinthe yahise yicwa arashwe n’umusirikare
wari waje kureba Padiri aho kuri Sainte Faimille. Mu gihe Jenoside yari irimo gukorwa, Padiri
Wenceslas Munyeshyaka yashyize bariyeri yarindwaga n’abasirikare n’Interahamwe ku
marembo yombi ya kiriziya mu rwego rwo gukumira Abatutsi kwinjira muri Sainte Famille98.
Intambara irimbanyije muri Kigali, Padiri Munyeshyaka yahungiye i Kabgayi aho yakomereje
Jenoside.
Nkuko inkiko gacaca mu murenge wa Gahogo zabigaragaje, yafatanyije ubwicanyi b’abitwa
Murwanashyaka na Bizimungu bitaga Shitani. Nyuma ya Jenoside yahungiye mu Bufaransa aho
akora imirimo y’ubusaseridoti muri za paruwasi zinyuranye guhera icyo gihe. Guhera muri
Nyakanga 1995, Munyeshyaka yarezwe mu gihugu yari amaze guhungiramo kugira ngo
akurikiranweho uruhare yaba yaragize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Ku itariki ya 20
Werurwe 1996, urukiko rw’i Nimes mu Bufaransa rwemeje ko rudafite ububasha bwo
kumuburanisha
97
98
nk’umunyamahanga
wakoreye
ibya
mu
mahanga
kandi
abikorera
African Rights, Issue 9, Father Wenceslas Munyeshyaka. In the Eyes of Survivors of Sanite Famille, pp. 39, 1999
Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Gahogo, Muhanga, 2009
65
abanyamahanga. Abamureze barajuriye ariko ubutabera bw’Ubufaransa kudindiza urwo rubanza
rwe. Ku itariki ya 21 Kamena 2018, nibwo ubutabera bw’Ubufaransa bwakuriye inzira ku
murima abaregaga bose Padiri Munyeshyaka Wenceslas buvuga ko nta byaha bumukekaho99.
Ku ruhande rw’u Rwanda, Padiri Munyeshyaka yaburanishijwe n’Inkiko Gacaca za Segiteri ya
Rugenge kuba ku isonga mu bwicanyi bwabere ku Kiriziya cyitiriwe Umuryanho Mutagatifu
n’ikigo cya Saint Paul, gusambanya abatutsikazi ku gahato bari bahungiye muri iyo kiliziya. Ku
itariki ya 30 Kamena 2009, Urukiko Gacaca rwa Gahogo rwamukatiye adahari gufungwa
burundu100.
4.4.4. Lieutenant Colonel Munyakazi Laurent
Mu myaka ya 1990 kugeza mu gihe cya Jenoside, Lieutenant Colonel Munyakazi Laurent yari
umuyobozi w’Ikigo cya Jandarumori cya Muhima. Uwitwa Hamidu Safari yavuze ko
yamwiboneye n'amaso ye atanga gerenade, ngo amaze kubaza impamvu nta mwanda wari uhari.
Aha Safari yasobanuye ko ngo yashakaga kuvuga ngo kuki nta mirambo y'Abatutsi yari ihari.
Muri 2005, Urukiko Gacaca rwo muri segiteri ya Rugenge rwamuhamije ibyaha bya Jenoside
yakorewe Abatutsi 1994, birimo kuba yarayoboye ubwicanyi bwabereye kuri Kiriziya
y’Umuryango Mutagatifu. Urukiko rwa Gacaca rwo mu cyahoze ari Segiteri ya Rugenge, mu
Mujyi wa Kigali mu mwaka 2006 rwamukatiye igihano cyo gufungwa burundu. Ku itariki ya 17
Nzeri 2013 yaguye mu Bitaro Bikuru bya Kaminuza i Kigali nyuma y’igihe afungiwe muri
gereza ya Kimironko.
4.5. Uruhare rw’abayobozi n’abakozi ba Komini ya Nyarugenge mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa
rya Jenoside
Abayobozi n’abakozi ba Komini ya Nyarugenge bagize uruhare rukomeye mu gutegura no
gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Uruhare rwabo rwagaragariye mu bikorwa
bitandukanye birimo gushishikariza abaturage kwitabira kwinjira mu mitwe yitwara gisirikare
nk’Interahamwe n’Impuzamugambi, gutanga intwaro mu baturage no guhuza ibikorwa mu gihe
ubwicanyi bwarimo bukorwa. Muri abo bayobozi twavuga aba bakurikira:
99
https://trialinternational.org/fr/latest-post/wenceslas-munyeshyaka, byasomwe kuri murandasi kuwa 14 Nzeri 2019
Imyanzuro y’Urubanza Gacaca mu murenge wa Rugenge.
100
66
4.5.1. François Karera
Mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda, François Karera yari amaze imyaka igera
kuri ine atakiri Burugumesitiri wa Komini ya Nyarugenge. Nyamara hari impamvu nibura ebyiri
zituma ahuzwa na Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri iyi Komini. Iya mbere ni uko kubera igihe
yayiyoboraga yari umuturage wayo atuye muri Segiteri ya Nyamirambo, Serire ya Kivugiza,
akaba atarigeze ahimuka no mu gihe yahabwaga indi mirimo yakurikiye kuba Burugumesitiri wa
Komini ya Nyarugenge. Ntiyigeze atakaza imbaraga cyangwa ijambo ku baturage bari bahatuye.
Icya kabiri ni uko yari Perezida w’Ishyaka rya MRND muri iyi komini. Kandi iryo shyaka ni ryo
ryateguye Jenoside riyishyira mu bikorwa rinashishikariza abaturage kwishora mu bwicanyi. Ibyo
rero byatumye akora Jenoside mu bice bimwe bya Komini ya Nyarugenge.
Muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, Karera yicishije Abatutsi i Nyamirambo aranabasenyera. Si
aho gusa kuko yanagize uruhare mu iyicwa ry’Abatutsi baguye muri Kiriziya ya Ntarama 101
kandi yicisha n’abandi muri Komini Rushashi102.Tugarutse kuri Nyarugenge, imbere yo kwa
Karera i Nyamirambo hari bariyeri yacungwaga’abapolisi batatu n’Interahamwe, bose bakaba
bari barinze urwo rugo. Hiciwe Abatutsi barimo Rukemampunzi, Murekezi, Mazimpaka, Joseph
Kahabaye, Léonard, Murekezi n’abana be batatu, Kabuguza, Enode Ndoli, John, Nana, Bosco na
Kazadi, ku itariki ya 7 Mata 1994. Hari n’abandi abo bambari bishe barimo umugore wa
Rukemampanzi wiciwe iwe i Rwarutabura aho yari yihishe, Palantin Nyagatare, Félix Dix na
Adolphe biciwe mu ngo zabo muri uko kwezi kwa Mata, Félicien n’abana be babiri, Gangi
Innocent, Renata, Kazungu bose biciwe i Nyamirambo 103.
Ingabo za FPR-Inkotanyi zimaze kubohora igihugu Karera François yarahunze. Ku itariki ya 20
Ukwakira 2001
yafatiwe muri Kenya
yoherezwa mu rukiko mpuzamahanga rwari
rwarashyiriweho u Rwanda Arusha. Agejejwe mu rukiko yarezwe ibyaha byibasiye
inyokomuntu, gutegura ubwicanyi bwakorewe aho yari atuye ku Kivugiza, ku Kiriziya gaturika i
Ntarama muri Kanzenze, Nyamata kuri Paruwasi n’ahandi. Ku itariki 7 ukuboza 2007 yahamijwe
101
Le Procureur c. Francois Karera, Jugement portant condamnation, affaire n° ICTR-OI-74-T, Arusha, le 07
décembre 2007, p.159
102
Idem
103
TPIR, Le Procureur c. François Karera. Le jugement portant condamnation, Arusha, le 7 décembre 2007, p.29
67
ibyaha yaregwaga akatirwa n’urukiko mpanabyaha byashyiriweho u Rwanda igihano cyo
gufungwa burundu104.
4.5.2. Roza Karushara
Mu gihe Jenoside yakorerwaga Abatutsi mu 1994, Roza Karushara yari Konseye wa Segiteri ya
Kimisagara atuye muri Serire ya Kamuhoza ariko akomoka muri Komini Bwakira, Perefegitura
ya Kibuye. Yabanje kuba resiponsabule wa Serire yari atuyemo anahafite akabari kari gaherereye
hafi y’uruganda rutunganya amazi rwa Kimisagara. Nyuma Burugumesitiri Karera yaje
kumubonamo umuntu bakorana bya hafi maze mu 1983 amugira Konseye wa Segiteri ya
Kimisagara. Nkuko abamuzi benshi babihamya, yari umugore w’igishegabo, umunyagitugu, urya
ruswa ndetse n’umwicanyi na mbere y’uko Jenoside itangira. Mu gihe u Rwanda rwagenderaga
ku ishyaka rimwe rukumbi rya MRND yagaragazaga ko ari inkoramutima yaryo. Ikindi ni uko
yakoranaga bya hafi na burugumesitiri na perefe mu gukandamiza abaturage no guhohotera
Abatutsi by’umwihariko 105.
Intambara yo kubohora u Rwanda itangiye mu 1990 n’amashyaka menshi ya politiki yongeye
guhabwa urubuga yarushijeho kugaragaza ko ashyigikiye ubutegetsi bwa Perezida Juvénal
Habyarimana n’imikorere yayo 106. Kugira ngo abonere iri shyaka abayoboke nyuma 1991,
yashinze ishyirahamwe aryita Abiseki mu magambo ahinnye. Mu magambo arambuye bivuga
“Abishyize hamwe ba Segiteri ya Kimisagara”107.
Aho Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi itangiriye, Karushara yayigizemo uruhare rukomeye, kuva mu
ikubitiro kugera mu mpera zayo. Yihutiye gukoresha inama Interahamwe, cyane ko yari afite
imitwe yatorejwe ku biro bya segiteri ye. Inama zakorerwaga ahitwa ku Ntaraga108. Ntabwo
kandi yayoboye ubwicanyi mu segiteri ye gusa. Yazengurukaga henshi mu Mujyi wa Kigali,
cyane ko yari azwi n’abaturage kandi akorana n’abayobozi hafi ya bose. Ndetse yaje no kwica no
104
Idem, p.160
Jean de Dieu Kayiranga, warokokeye i Kimisagara, Kimisagara, 14 Nyakanga 2018
106
Twashishikariza buri wese gusoma igitaba cyanditswe na African Rights, Rwanda. Moins innocentes qu’il n’y
parait. Quand les femmes deviennent meurtrières, Londres, 1995, pp. 121-136. Umwimerere w’iki gitabo uri mu
cyongereza ku mutwe ugira uti: «Not so Innocent: When Women Become Killers. Kiboneka mu masomero menshi
mu Rwanda no mu nzu zigurisha ibitabo
107
Idem, p.129
108
Idem, p. 122
105
68
bindi bice by’igihugu nka za Rushashi aho uwari Burugumesitiri Karera François yavukagaar
naho yahungiye mbere yuko ava mu gihugu n’i Runda. Ubuhamya kandi bugaragaza ko hari
n’Abatutsi yiyiciye ubwe. Zimwe mu ngero nyinshi ziriho, twavuga nka Sezirahiga wari
umupolisi wa Komini ya Nyarugenge. Yanateye umuryango wa Alphonse Ndegeya
aramusenyera na we ubwe amutwikisha amapine y’imodoka109.
Karushara yagize uruhare mu kwichisha abantu benshi. Yicishije umugore witwaga Jean d’Arc
Mukamusoni wari warashakanye na Antoine Bernier Mbarushimana wari ufite sosiyete itwara ba
mukerarugendo yitwaga Mimosa Travel Agency. Uyu nyakwigendera ngo yari yabashije
guhungishwa na Colonel Gendarme Laurent Rutayisire wakomokaga muri Perefegitura ya
Gikongoro wakoranaga ubucuruzi n’umugabo we. Ukurikije imyanya yagiye ayobora muri
Jandarumori, Rutayisire yari afite ububasha bwo kurwana kuri Mukamusoni akamukura mu
menyo ya Karushara n’abicanyi be ariko si ko byagenze. Mbere ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi
mu 1994, Colonel Laurent Rutayisire yayoboraga ibiro by’iperereza muri Jendarumori y’Igihugu
hanyuma muri Jenoside agirwa Umukuru wa Etat-Major wungirije wa Jandarumori y’Igihugu.
Colonel Rutayisire yari amukuye aho yari atuye ku Ibereshi rya Nyamirambo mu modoka ya
gisirikare ya blindé. Colonel yari mu modoka ye naho blindé yarimo Mukamusoni iyikurikiye.
Izo modoka zombi zigeze hafi yo kwa Karushara ku Kimisagara, Interahamwe zari kuri bariyeri
zirazihagarika. Colonel Rutayisire yasabwe kwerekana abantu yari atwaye muri blindé.
Yarazitakambiye ngo ze kuyisaka ariko ziranga. Zakuyemo Mukamusoni hanyuma zihamagara
Konseye Karushara ngo avuge ikimukwiye. Karushara yahise ategeka ko Interahamwe zimuca
umutwe ziwumanika ku rubambo zirutera kuri bariyeri ngo hatazira undi muntu ugerageza gukiza
umututsi. Urugamba rwo kubohora u Rwanda rumaze gusatira umurwa mukuru, Rose Karushara
yahungiye muri Zayire; n’ubu nta we uzi irengero rye.
Karushara Rose yahamwe n’ibyaha byo gushishikariza abahutu kwica abatutsi, kuyobora ibitero
bigamije kwica abatutsi no gusahura imitungo yabo muri Kimisagara, Nyakabanda, Muhima
n’ahandi. Urukiko Gacaca rwamukatiye adahari igihano cyo gufungwa burundu 110.
109
110
Idem, p.132
Urukiko Gacaca rwa Nyamirambo, Nyarugenge, 2009
69
4.5.3. Odette Nyirabagenzi
Odette Nyirabagenzi yari Konseye wa Segiteri ya Rugenge mu gihe cya Jenoside. Yavukiye ku
Kabasengerezi muri Segiteri ya Rugenge aho se yari yari atuye kuva kera aturutse muri
Perefegitura ya Byumba. Uyu se yategetse Segiteri ya Rugenge kugera atabarutse mu 1990.
Abamuzi bavuga ko yayoboye neza iyo segiteri kandi ko nta we yahutazana bityo akaba yarasize
inkuru nziza imusozi. Nyuma y’urupfu rwa se, Nyirabagenzi ari mu biyamamarije kumusimbura.
Ariko amatora yaje kwegukanwa na Pierre Sebushishi Nyirabangezi abona amajwi ya kabiri,
bityo akaba umwungiriza we. Intambara yo kubohora u Rwanda itangiye mu 1990
Burugumesitiri Karera yakuyeho Sebushishi amusimbuza Nyirabangenzi kuko ari we bari bahuje
gahunda y’icyo gihe irimo no gutoteza Abatutsi111.
Mu gihe cya Jenoside Nyirabagenzi yahagarikiye ubwicanyi bw’Abatutsi muri segiteri
yayoboraga cyanecyane muri Saint-Paul, kuri Paruwasi ya Sainte-Famille no muri CELA.
Yabaga ari kumwe n’abategetsi ba perefegitura, aba komini n’abandi ari bo Colonel Tharcisse
Renzaho wari Perefe w’Umujyi wa Kigali, Padiri Wenceslas Munyeshyaka, Angéline
Mukandutiye wari umugenzuzi w’amashuri w’akarere ka Nyarugenge, abasirikare, abajandarume
n’Interahamwe bahaga amabwiriza yo kwica. Igihe kinini Nyirabagenzi yabaga yambaye
gisirikare cyangwa imyambaro y’Interahamwe kandi afite imbunda. Antoine Gasarabwe wahaye
ubuhamya African Rights yemeza ko hari igihe yamubonye afite imbunda yo mu bwoko bwa G3
n’iyo mu bwoko bwa pistolet112.
Nyirabagenzi yicishije Abatutsi benshi bari muri Sainte-Famille na Sainte-Paul. Ku itariki ya 14
Kamena 1994, yazanye Interahamwe batoranya abasore biganjemo abize barenga mirongo
itandatu (60) bajya kubica. Iminsi itatu nyuma yaho ni bwo Ingabo za FPR-Inkotanyi zaje
kurokora abahungiye muri Saint-Paul. Muri uko kwezi kwa Kamena hagati ni na bwo yicishije
André Kamenya wari umuyobozi w’ikinyamakuru Rwanda Rushya cyakundaga kunenga
ubutegetsi bwa Habyarimana. Nyuma yo kumuvutsa ubuzima Nyirabagenzi yishimiye urupfu rwe
abibwira impunzi zari muri ibyo bigo by’abihayimana. Urupfu rwe kandi rwamuteye ishema ryo
111
Igitabo cya African Rights twigeze kwifashisha cyanditse inkuru ndende ku ruhare rwa Odette Nyirabagenzi muri
Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri Rugenge. Umuntu yasoma birambuye ku izi mpapuro zikurikira, 136-146
112
African Rights, Rwanda, Moins innocentes qu’il n’y paraît…, p. 139
70
gukomeza kwica Abatutsi bari basigaye 113. Muri icyo gihe Odette Nyirabagenzi yari yararembeje
Padiri Célestin Hakizimana wayoboraga ikigo cya Saint-Paul kuko yakoraga uko ashoboye kose
ngo arwane ku Batutsi. Nyirabagenzi yazanaga amalisiti ariho Abatutsi ashaka Padiri Célestin
akamutsembera ko atabanga, noneho akamucunaguza amubuza amahoro 114. Ibyo Padiri Célestin
yabikoraga azi ko byatuma yicwa ariko agahitamo kurengera intama ze. Igihe Umujyi wa Kigali
wafatwaga, Odette Nyirabagenzi yahungiye muri Zaire ntiyagaruka mu Rwanda.
Urukiko Gacaca rwa Segiteri ya Rugenge rwahamije Nyirabagenzi Odette ibyaha bya Jenoside
birimo kuba ku isonga mu bwicanyi bwibasiye inyokomuntu, kuyobora ibitero bigamije kwica
abatutsi. Yakatiwe igihano cyo gufungwa burundu adahari115.
4.5.4. Euphrasie Kamatamu
Uyu mugore wamamaye mu gutoteza Abatutsi no kubarimbura yari Konseye wa Segiteri ya
Muhima. Yakomokaga muri Komini ya Kagano muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. Kimwe
n’umugabo we, bari abayoboke b’imena ba MRND. Umugabo we Thomas Habyarimana yari
umukozi w’ikigo cy’amaposita mu Rwanda akaba na Perezida wa MRND muri iyo segiteri
umugore we yayoboraga. Euphrasie yahoraga yambaye ishapuke kandi ntiyasibaga misa
yumviraga muri Paruwasi ya Sainte-Famille no mu gihe cya Jenoside.
Mu gihe cya Jenoside, iwe yahagize icyicaro gikuru cy’ubwicanyi. Abana be bose harimo
n’ab’abakobwa bakoze Jenoside. Mu rugo iwe niho hakorerwaga urutonde rw’abagombaga
kwicwa, hakabikwa intwaro n’amasasu kandi akanahatangira amabwiriza yo kwica. Yakoranaga
n’umuyobozi wa Jandarumori ya Muhima, akanaherekeza Interahamwe aho zagendaga
zivumbura abagombaga kwicwa kandi akanagenzura imikorere ya za bariyeri. Nk’uko ubuhamya
bubyemeza, Kamatamu yagize uruhare rutaziguye mu kurimbura imbaga y’Abatutsi muri segiteri
yayoboraga n’ahandi hanyuranye. Umusaza Nkuliliyinka warokokeye muri Muhima ariko
abahungu be batatu bose bagahitanwa na Jenoside yemeza ko Kamatamu yicishe umwana we
muto witwaga Théogène Nkulikiyimfura wigaga mu mwaka wa kane muri APACOPE 116.
113
Idem, pp. 143-144
Etienne Nkerabigwi, uwarokokeye muri Saint-Paul, Kabuga, Kuwa 02 Ukuboza 2018
115
Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Muhima, Nyarugenge 2009
116
African Rights, op.cit, p. 149
114
71
Kamatamu yanagabije Interahamwe umwana witwaga Idrissa Nsanzimfura, umuhungu wa
Seleman Gasasira. Interahamwe zabanje kujya impaka zimwe zemeza ko agomba kwicwa izindi
zitabishyigikiye. Hanyuma zamujyanye kwa Konseye Kamatamu arazitegeka ngo nibakureho
umwanda. Zihita zimwica ubwo.
Kamatamu yasahuye ibintu byinshi by’Abatutsi kandi akoresha uburyo bwinshi bwo kubambura
amafaranga. Hari abagore n’abakobwa yandikishirije amarangamuntu arimo ubwoko bw’ubuhutu
ariko agaca inyuma akabwira Interahamwe zirakaza zikabica. Ibyo byabaye kuri Emerthe
Twagirimana.
Mu gihe Ingabo za FPR-Inkotanyi zari zigiye gufata umujyi wa Kigali no gukiza Abanyarwanda
ingoma y’abicanyi, Euphrasie Kamatamu yahungiye muri Zayire. Yahungutse mu 1996 ahita
afungirwa kuri «Brigade ya Gendarmerie» ya Muhima na yo imujyana muri Gereza Nkuru ya
Kigali. Euphrasie Kamatamu n’umugabo we Thomas Habyarimana baburaniye imbere
y’urugereko rwihariye rw’urukiko rwa mbere rw’iremezo rwa Kigali mu 1998. Muwa 2000
urubaranza rwari rukiburanishwa, yaguye muri gereza azize uburwayi 117.
4.5.5. François Havugimana
François Havugimana alias Mavuba yari Interahamwe kabuhariwe yo mu Nyakabanda. Ni
mwene Augustin Bahufite na Euphrasie Nyirankima. Mbere gato y’uko Jenoside itangira yari
yaragizwe umusoresha wa Komini ya Nyarugenge. Muri icyo gihe hari Interahamwe nyinshi
zashakiwe akazi. Yari yarahawe imyitozo ihagije ya gisirikare kandi akabyigamba ahantu hose
ari na ko yambaye ibirango bya MRND cyangwa CDR. Yakundaga kugendana n’izindi
Nterahamwe n’Impuzamugambi zayogoje Nyakabanda nka Jean Nepomuscène Mbarushimana,
Félix Ntamfurayishyari, Fidèle Namahoro, Athanase Bucyana na Jean de Dieu Rwemalika.
Bakundaga kuba bari ku kabari kitwa Café de Nyakabanda cyangwa ku kabari k’umugabo
witwaga Musonera kari mu Kagali ka Munanira aho bitaga kuri Etat-Major.
Muri Jenoside Havugimana yarayogoje mu Nyakabanda na Rwezamenyo akoresheje imbunda na
za gerenade. Mu bo yishe harimo Gashagaza, Christiane Mukandekwe n’abandi benshi. Yajyaga
117
Ubuhamya bwatanze na Epaprodite Nyiringondo na Benoite Gakwaya, Muhima kuwa 02 Ugushyingo 2018.
72
no ku rugamba kurwana n’ingabo za RPF-Inkotanyi mu bice bya Nyamirambo cyane cyane
ahagana mu mpera za Kamena 1994 igihe Kigali yari igoswe n’Ingabo za FPR-Inkotanyi118.
Urukiko Gacaca rwa Segiteri ya Nyakabanda rwahamije Francois Havugimana ibyaha bya
Jenoside birimo kuba ku isonga mu bwicanyi bwibasiye inyokomuntu, kuyobora ibitero bigamije
kwica abatutsi. Yakatiwe igihano cyo gufungwa burundu y’umwihariko adahari119.
4.5.6. Callixte Kalisa
Uyu Kalisa nawe yari umusoresha wa Komini ya Nyarugenge muri Segiteri ya Biryogo. Kandi
yari umwe mu bari bagize komite ya Serire Rwampara ari na ho yari atuye. Mu gihe cya Jenoside
yahawe imbunda ayogoza agace yari atuyemo yica Abatutsi. Kalisa yaje gufungirwa muri Gereza
ya Karubanda nyuma yimurirwa mu ya Kigali. Yaguye muri gereza azize uburwayi mbere yuko
inkiko gacaca zitangira120.
4.5.7. Angéline Mukandutiye
Angelina Mukandutiye yari yakomokaga muri Komini ya Giciye muri Perefegitura ya Gisenyi.
Muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, Angéline Mukandutiye yari umugenzuzi w’amashuri abanza
muri Komini ya Nyarugenge akaba n’umuyobozi w’ishyirahamwe ry’abakozi b’iyo komini.
Kubera uwo mwanya yari afite mu buyobozi, byatumye yigarurira imitima y’Abaturage ba
Segiteri ya Rugenge, yigize umuyobozi w’umutwe w’Interahamwe muri Segiteri.
Angéline Mukandutiye yari inshuti magara ya Odette Nyirabagenzi. Mu matora y’abajyanama ba
komini yabaye muri Mutarama 1990, Mukandutiye yashyigikiye bikomeye cyane Nyirabagenzi
ngo atorerwe kuyobora Segiteri ya Rugenge kugira ngo asimbure se André Budala. Ubwo yagira
ngo akumire uwitwaga Sebushishi Petero bitaga umunyenduga kuko yakomokaga i Gitarama mu
cyitwaga Komini ya Taba. Amatora yaje gukorwa, abaturage batora Pierre Sebushishi. Akimara
gutorwa, Mukandutiye Angélina na Nyirabagenzi Odeta bahoraga bamuteranya kuri
Burugumesitiri François Karera. Ntibyatinze rero kuko Burugumesitiri Francois Karera yaje
kumwirukana amusimbuza Odette Nyirabagenzi wari waramukurikiye mu majwi. Mu gihe cya
118
Olivier Mugema warokokeye mu Nyakabanda, Nyakabanda, 20 Kanama 2018
Urukoko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Nyamirambo, Nyarugenge, 2009
120
Joseph Muyombanowarokokeye mu Biryogo, Biryogo, kuwa 12 Nzeri 2019
119
73
Jenoside, Mukandutiye ntiyatanaga na mucuti we bafatanyije ibikorwa byose by’ubwicanyi muri
Rugenge.
Muri raporo yasohowe mu 1995 n’amashyirahamwe aharanira uburenganzira bw’Ikiremwamuntu
ya CLADHO na Kanyarwanda ivuga ko mu gihe cya Jenoside inama z’Interahamwe zo
kurimbura Abatutsi zaberaga kwa Angéline Mukandutiye. Ni na ho hakorerwaga urutonde
rw’abagombaga kwicwa n’igenzura ry’ibimaze gukorwa121. Iyi raporo ikomeza ivuga ko
Mukandutiye yari mu bateguye ishimutwa n’iyicwa by’Abatutsi 100 bari muri Kiliziya ya Sainte
Famille no mu kigo cy’ababikira ba Calcutta tariki ya 16 Mata 1994. Tariki ya 24 Mata 1994,
mukandutiye yagize uruhare mu iyicwa ry’abasore b’Abatutsi 35 mu kigo cya CELA, abasore 7
bari muri Saint Paul, abasore 17 muri JOC. Tariki ya 14 Kamena 1994, yagize na none uruhare
mu kwica abasore 44 bari muri Saint Paul, André Kameya ku itariki ya 15 Kamena 1994
n’abandi basore b’Abatutsi 8 bakuwe muri Kiliziya y’Umuryango Mutagatifu kuwa 18 Kamena
1994 n’abandi122.
Angéline Mukandutiye alias «Inspectrice» yaburanishijwe n’Urukiko Gacaca rw’umurenge wa
Rugenge aregwa ibyaha bya Jenoside bikurikira: kurema umutwe w’abagizi ba nabi no kuba iwe
ariho Interahamwe zaherwaga ibkoresho n’amabwiriza ngo zijye kwica kuri CELA, St Paul na
Ste Famille. Yaburanishijwe n’Urukiko Gacaca adahari, urukiko gacaca rumukatira icyaha cya
burundi y’umwihariko kuwa 23 Ugushyingo 2008123.
121
Commission d’enquête CLADHO-KANYARWANDA, Rapport de l’enquête sur les violations massives des
droits de l’homme commises au Rwanda à partir du 06 avril 1994, première phase, Kigali le10 décembre 1994, p.
237
122
Ubuhamya bwa Rutayisire Masengo Gilbert, uwarokokeye muri Rugenge, Rugenge kuwa 10 Ukwakira 2018
123
Urukoko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Muhima, Nyarugenge, 2008
74
Angéline Mukandutiye n’umugabo we Marc
Sahunkuye bagize uruhare mu gutegura
Jenoside yakoreweAbatutsi muri Segiteri ya
Rugenge. Yigaragaje cyane mu iyicwa
ry’Abatutsi bari barahungiye muri St Paul,
CELA, Ste Famille no mu babikira bo mu
Muryango wa Thereza w’i Calcuta.
Ifoto yakuwe ku rubuga rwa www.rba.co.rw, kuwa 26 Gicurasi 202
Mu mpera z’umwaka wa 2019, Angelina Mukandutiye ni umwe mu Banyarwanda bahoze ari
abarwanyi ba FLN/MRCD bacyuwe n’ingabo za Kongo FARDC. Minisiteri y’Ubutabera
yarisanzwe izi ibikorwa by’ubunyamaswa byaranze uyu mugore mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe
Abatutsi muri 1994 yahise imukurikirana. Ku itariki ya 28 Ukuboza 2019, Minisitiri w’Ubutabera
akaba n’Intumwa nkuru ya Leta, Johnston Busingye, yatangaje ko Mukandutiye Angeline ufite
igifungo cya burundu yakatiwe n’Inkiko Gacaca ariko ntaboneke ngo agikore, yatawe muri
yombi ajyanwa gufungirwa muri Gereza ya Mageragere124.
4.5.8. Théogène Rutayisire
Uyu Rutayisire avuka mu Gakinjiro. Se Kabego yari yarigeze kuba Brigadier wa Komini ya
Kiyovu. Muri Jenoside rwagati Perefe w’Umujyi wa Kigali Colonel Tharcisse Renzaho yamugize
Resiponsabure wa Serire ya Gakinjiro mu Murenge wa Cyahafi. Yasimbujwe mugenzi utari
waragaragaje umwete mu guhiga Abatutsi no kubica.
Jenoside ihagaritswe Rutayisire yahungiye muri Zayire agaruka mu 1996. Yaje gufungwa ariko
ntiyatinda muri gereza. Inkiko Gacaca zigiye gutangira Rutayisire yarahunze kuko yari afite ibyo
yishinja kandi yari yarafunguwe mu buryo budasobanutse. Mbere gato y’uko Inkiko Gacaca
zitangira imirimo yazo ni bwo yahunze Igihugu. Byerekana ko yahungaga ubutabera kuko yari
azi ibyo yari yarakoze noneho byari bigiye kuvugirwa ku Karubanda n’abantu bari
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https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubutabera/jenoside/article/mukandutiye-wamamaye-mu-mutwe-w-interahamweyatawe-muri-yombi, inkuru yasomwe kuwa 26 Gicurasi 2020
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barabihagazeho. Hari gutangwa n’ibindi birego atari yarabajijweho ngo anisobanureho mu
Rukiko rusanzwe. Nta wamenya aho yahungiye.
Mu rukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Cyahafi rwamureze kwamamara mu bwicanyi,
gushishikariza gukora Jenoside, ubwicanyi bw’abantu barega 30 biciwe mu Gakinjiro
n’ubwicanyi bwabereye ahandi hatandukanye. Yakatiwe gufungwa burundu adahari mu rubanza
rwosomwe mu ruhame kuwa 29 Mata 2009125.
4.5.9. Gabriel Mbyariyehe
Mbyariyehe Gabriel yari Konseye wa Segiteri ya Nyarugenge. Yahagarikiye ubwicanyi
bwibasiye Abatutsi muri Serire Quartier Commercial yakorerwagamo imirimo y’ubucuruzi no
muri Serire Kiyovu. Muwa 1990 yari ahagarariye abacuruzi mu mugi wa Kigali. Kuva ku itariki
ya 1 ukwakira 1990 Inkotanyi zitangira urugamba rwo kubohora u Rwanda, Mbyariyehe
yafatanyije na Perefe Tharcisse Renzaho kubuza amahwemo Abatutsi bacururizaga muri Quartier
Matheus na Commercial. Ku itariki ya 3 Ukwakira 1990 hamenyekanye ko hari Abatutsi bahunze
barimo Ndahiro Jean Baptiste, Kirenga, Ruhamyambuga Paul n’abandi. Mbariyehe afatanyije na
Tharcisse Renzaho bafatiriye imitungo yabo irimo amazu, ibicuruzwa n’amamodoka nyuma biza
gutezwa cyamunara. Mu gihe cya Jenoside, yakanguriye Abahutu kwica Abatutsi anatanga
ibikoresho byo kwica, gusenya no gusahura no gutwika. Abahungu be babiri ari bo Murangira
Gervais bitaga Rasta na Murengezi Gabriel bitaga Gaby nabo bavugwa muri ibyo bikorwa. Uwa
mbere agihunguka yarafashwe afungirwa muri Gereza ya Nyarugenge, nyuma yaje gufungurwa
ku bw’imbabazi za Perezida wa Repubulika ahita ahunga igihugu. Nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe
Abatutsi mu 1994 Mbyariyehe Gabriel yarahunze ntiyagaruka mu Rwanda. Umuhungu we
Murengezi Gabriel yarezwe urupfu rwa rwa Auberthe na Iyamuremye Emmanuel, gusambanya
abagore ku ngufu, gutunga imbunda no kwambara gisirikare, kujya mu bitero, gutanga Alice na
mugenzi bakabica no gusambanya Vestine ku gahato. Yakatiwe gufungwa burundu
y’umwihariko ku itariki ya 21Kamena 2008 126.
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126
Urukiko Gacaca rw’umurenge wa Cyahafi, Nyarugenge, 2009
Urukiko Gacaca rw’umurenge wa Nyarugenge, Nyarugenge, 200!
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4.6. Uko Jenoside yateguwe ikanashyirwa mu bikorwa muri Komini ya Nyarugenge na
Komini ya Butamwa
Ivangura hagati y’Abahutu n’Abatutsi muri Komini ya Nyarugenge kimwe n’ahandi ryatangiye
kuva muri 1959 rigamije gusobanurira Abahutu uwo mututsi ari we. Nubwo byari bigoye ko
Abatutsi bahita bamenya ibyari bigamijwe usibye guhita bahangana n’ingaruka z’ako kanya
z’ayo macakubiri, icyari kigamijwe cyari kugira ngo igihe nikigera cyo kurimbura Ababtutsi
hatazabaho kwibeshya. Iri vangura ryakozwe mu bihe bitandukanye kandi mu nzego zose za Leta
n’izigenga, bicengezwa no mu mashuri. Mu rukerera ry’ijoro rishyira iya 1 Ukwakira 1990,
Radiyo Rwanda yatangaje ko igihugu cyatewe n’umwanzi bavugaga ko ari abantu baturutse i
Bugande. Bahise bashyiraho uburyo budasanzwe bwo gucunga umutekano. Nta bantu
bagombaga guhagararana barenze batatu, ni ko amabwiriza mashya yavugaga.
Imibanire hagati y’Abahutu n’Abatutsi yarahindutse kuko hajemo urwikekwe. Abatutsi biswe
abagambanyi, abarunari n’andi mazina yo kubatandukanya n’abandi kandi mu byukuri Abaturage
bose ntibari basobanukiwe neza n’ibirimo gukorwa. Abategetsi na bo batangiye kureba nabi
abatutsi, turaburabuzwa aho unyuze bakakuvugiriza induru kandi nta ruhare ufite mu rugamba
igihugu cyarimo 127.
4.6.1. Ifungwa n’itotezwa ry’Abatutsi biswe ibyitso by’Inkotanyi muri Komini ya
Nyarugenge
Kuya 3 Ukwakira 1990 abantu batangiye gufatwa n’inzego z’umutekano. Abari basobanukiwe
n’uko ibintu bimeze n’ingaruka z’igitero cy’Inkotanyi gishobora kugira ku Batutsi cyane cyane
batangiye guhunga. Kuri iyo tariki ni bwo hatangiye gufatwa abantu uruhongohongo bakajyanwa
ahantu hatazwi. Mukakimenyi Spéciose avuga ko abaturanyi babo ndetse n’inshuti batangiye
kushisha bakajya batubwira ngo tubihishemo, ko turi abagambanyi n’ibindi tutari dusanzwe
tubumvana” 128.
Mu ijoro ry’itariki ya 4 rishyira iya 5 Ukwakira 1990, mu Mujyi wa Kigali humvikanye amasasu
abanyakigali n’abaturage ba Nyarugenge by’umwihariko batari barigeze bumva. Mu rukerera
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128
Ubuhamya bwatangiwe i Kanyinya, kuya 12 Ukuboza 2018.
Ikiganiro na Mukakimenyi Speciosa, Mageragere, Nzeri 2018.
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bariyeri zari zashyizwe ahantu henshi mu mujyi n’ingo z’Abatutsi zatangiwe gusakwa. Bwakeye
hafatwa Abatutsi cyane cyane abari mu butegetsi, abikoreraga cyane cyane imirimo y’ubucuruzi,
ndetse n’abandi bakoreraga imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta bafataga nk’abanyabwenge. Hirya no
hino intero yari uko Inyenzi-nkotanyi zashatse gufata umujyi wa Kigali, ingabo z’u Rwanda
zikazihashya. Mu rukera bariyeri zari zashyizweho hirya no hino, abasirikare n’abajandarume
barangajwe imbere na ba konseye, ba resiponsabure babayobora mu ngo z’Abatutsi cyane cyane
abari bajijutse cyangwa se bakomeye kubera imirimo bakoraga (abakozi ba leta n’abacuruzi)
babaziza ko basangiye umugambi n’inkotanyi. Gufata Abatutsi byakozwe muri gahunda yiswe
iyo gufata «Ibyitso», ikaba yariganje cyane muri Komini ya Nyarugenge.
Abafashwe barakubiswe babasiga ari intere, bafungwa nabi, bicishwa inzara, bagaburirwa ibiryo
byanduye. Hari benshi bahasize ubuzima, n’abandi bitabye Imana bamaze gusohoka muri gereza.
Ifatwa ry’aba bantu ryarimo ubugome n’amayeri menshi; nk’iyo binjiraga mu rugo rw’uwo
babaga baje gutwara bakoraga uko bashoboye bakerekana ko yari atunze imbunda cyangwa
ibindi bikoresho. Mbere y’uko bamutwara, babanzaga kwereka abaturanyi be ko koko ibyo
bamuvuga kuba icyitso cy’Inkotanyi ari ukuri. Ngubwo ubundi buryo ububi n’ubugome
bw’Umututsi bweretswe Umuhutu. Aho ni ho imvugo kandi yamamaye ya «Mutwihishemo
yaturutse»129. Dore uko ifatwa n’itotezwa ry’abiswe ibyitso by’Inkotanyi ryagenze muri segiteri
za komini ya Nyarugenge n’iya Butamwa
4.6.1.1. Segiteri ya Nyarugenge
Muri Segiteri ya Nyarugenge ahitwaga mu Kiyovu cy’Abazungu hafashwe Bwana
Munyembaraga Narcisse wari umukozi wa Minisiteri y’Ubwikorezi n’Itumanaho, Tamba
Charles, Bwana Ntashamaje Antoine, Rugema Donatien, n’abandi. M kwakira 1990, Perefe
Renzaho yakoze urutonde rw’abiswe ibyitso by’Inkotanyi n’abagambanyi b’igihugu barenga
40130. Amaze gukora urwo rutonde, abifashijwemo na Mbyariyehe Gabriel wari Perezida
w’Abacuruzi akaba na Konseye wa Segiteri ya Nyarugenge yashyikirije ikirego Parike ya Kigali
anaha Perezida wa Repuburika urutonde rw’abo bantu atanga n’ibimenyetso mpimbano
129
Iyi mvugo yerekanaga ko Umututsi atari umwere kandi akayibwirwa n’umuntu wari usanzwe ari inshuti ye, ko
ibyo yakora byose bitakuraho ubugambanyi afite ku mutima.
130
Ibicuruzwa byabo byari mu mangazini ndetse n’ububiko byaje gufatirwa, bigurishwa cyamunara. Umucamanza
Jean Hategekimana wari perezida w’urukiko rwa mbere rw’iremezo rwa Kigali niwe watanze ubwo burenganzira.
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byerekana ko ihunga ryabo rifitanye isano n’igitero cy’Inkotanyi cyo kuya 1 Ukwakira 1990
n’amasasu yarashwe mu Mujyi wa Kigali mu ijoro ryo kuya 4 rishyira iya 5 Ukwakira 1990.
Hagati aho imitungo y’abo bacuruzi ubuyobozi bw’umujyi wa Kigali bwarayifatiriye butegereje
icyo Parike ya Repuburika ya Kigali ibivugaho. Ntibyatinze kuko urukiko rwa Mbere rw’Iremezo
ruyobowe na Hategekimana Jean rwemeje ko imitungo y’abo bacuruzi itezwa icyamunara
amafaranga agashyirwa mu isanduku ya Leta ; ni ukuvuga mu mutungo w’Umujyi wa Kigali.
Abo bantu bafatiriwe ibyabo bari abacuruzi bakomeye ndetse ubucuruzi bwabo bwari bushingiye
ku bwikorezi no gutumiza ibintu mu mahanga ku buryo utahuza ugosohoka kwabo mu gihugu 131
n’igitero cy’Inkotanyi cy’iya 1 Ukwakira kuko n’ubundi bari basanzwe basohoka kenshi. Benshi
muri bo usanga barasohotse hagati y’itariki ya 29 Nzeri n’iya 4 Ukwakira 1990. Perefe Renzaho
Tharcisse amaze guhabwa ubwo burengenzira bwo gufatira no guteza cyamunara imitungo yabo
yafatanyije na Konseye Mbyariyehe Gabriel wari Perezida w’abacuruzi akabana yari na Konseye
wa Nyarugenge na Ruzindana Obed muramu wa Colonel Renzaho Tharcisse, Mathias (nyir’inzu
yubatse i Remera hafi ya Prince House) na Basabose mu kwigabiza imitungo y’abo bitaga Ibyitso
by’Inkotanyi bahoze bafite ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi i Nyarugenge bakaza guhunga mbere gato no
mu gihe Inkotanyi zinjiiriraga i Kagitumba mu Ukwakira 1990132.
Muri iyo nyandiko kandi, Perefe Tharcisse Renzaho yerekana ko abenshi muri abo bahunze
basize bafungiranye ibicuruzwa byabo mu maduka no mu bubiko kugira ngo havuke ikibazo ku
isoko ry’igihugu. Perefe Renzaho yemeje kandi ko agatsiko k’abo bacuruzi kari karangajwe
imbere na Assinapol Rwigara, Ruhamyambuga Paul, Tito Musoni na Aloys Kaberuka. Perefe
yashimangiye ko abo bantu bahurira mu tubari nko kwa Thaddée Hitimana, i Remera cyangwa
kwa Eduard Kimenyi kuri kontineri yari imbere y’ahahoze Ponts et Chaussées ubu hubatse Chic,
mu migambi yo kugambanira igihugu no gushaka uko FPR-Inkotanyi yafata ubutegetsi. Perefe
Renzaho avuga ko bitangaje kuba abo bantu bafitanye amasano ya hafi kandi benshi muri bo ari
abavuka ku Kibuye na Gitarama. Ibicuruzwa byabo byaje gufatirwa 133 binatezwa cyamunara134.
Igurishwa ry’ibi bicuruzwa ntiryitaye ku bari barabisigiwe kuko ababifatiriye bakanatanga
131
Benshi muri bo batumizaga ibicuruzwa hanze, bafite imodoka zikurayo imizigo.
Ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Rugero Paulin, Nyakabanda, Werurwe 2019
133
Inyandiko yifatira yasohotse kuya 30 Ugushyingo 1990.
134
Itegeko ryasinywe kuya 5 Ukuboza 1990.
132
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uburenganzira bwo kubigurisha bemezaga ko abo babisigiye cyangwa abashakanye n’abo bantu
bari barahunze, babigurisha maze amafaranga bakayohereza aho bahungiye 135.
Muri abo bahunze icyo gihe harimo aba bakurikira: Bayigamba Alexis wari ufite Quincallerie
bitaga NOVA yari imbere ya Electrogaz station ya Kigali, Ruhamyambuga Paul yahunganye
n’umugore we wari umunyeshuli muri APACE, na Joseph Mimire, Kayihura Claver bitaga
“Mille Collines” bashinjaga guha FPR-Inkotanyi amakuru no gukorana n’abanyamakuru
b’abazungu. Muwa 1990, yari afite aho abika imyenda ya caguwa muri Quartier Matheus no mu
mazu ya Ndamage Eliabu. Ubucuruzi yabukomereje muri Kenya, mu Bubirigi na Uganda,
Ndahiro Jean Baptiste na Kirenga Edouard abavandimwe ba Sakumi Anselme baregwa ko
bateguraga gucyura umwami Kigeri V Ndahindurwa, Musoni Tite wahunze kuya 3 Ukwakira
1990 anyuze i Bugesera, Bayingana Victoire murumuna wa Musoni Tite ajyana na mubyara wa
Rwigara Assinapol witwa Nsengimana Aloys alias Gasatsi.
Rwakana Herrmogene wari ufite iduka imbere y’ahahoze gare mu mugi, Rumongi Roger,
Uwobahora Déo wari ufite iduka hagati y’ahahoze gare ya Kigali na MIJEUMA wahunganye na
Ndahiro Jean Baptiste na Rutayisire, umucuruzi w’i Cyangugu, Kaberuka Aloys wari ufite iduka
n’ububiko iruhande rwa Pharmacie Ramji, Ntakirutimana Jean washatse gutorerwa kuba Konseye
wa Segiteri ya Nyarugenge waregwaga gutegura ibitero by’Inkotanyi muri Nyarugenge aramutse
atorewe uwo mwanya, Mimire Joseph inshuti ya Ruhamyambuga Paul waregwaga kugeza
ubutumwa ku byitso by’Inkotanyi byabaga biri mu gihugu, Gahizi Thadée, Ngarambe Bosco
waregwaga gufatanya na Mimire Joseph kugura mu cyamunara imodoka n’amazu bya Leta ku
nyungu z’Inkotanyi. Abandi bafashwe ni Semanzi Jean Bosco mwene Semanzi François wishwe
muri Jenoside i Butare waregwaga kugura inzu y’umugabo witwa Birikunzira yari mu Rubirizi
n’ikamyo ya rukururana ya Kayombya Robert abigurira Fred Rwigema, Bisakaza Privat
yaregwaga kuba Umuforoderi kandi akanatwara ubutumwa bw’Inkotanyi, Rutayisire Déo
yaregwaga gukwirakwiza amakuru ya FPR Inkotanyi muri Quartier Commercial, Kimenyi
Edouard, Muhawe Jean yakoranaga ubucuruzi na Rwakana Hermogene, Rwigara Assinapol,
Nkurunziza Charles, Nsengimana Aloys bitaga Gasatsi ahunga yajyanye na Bayingana Victor
135
Kangura no 7, Ugushyingo 1990, p.14 : uburenganzira bwogufatira no kugurisha ibicuruzwa by’Inkotanyi
n’ibyitso byazo bwenewe n’inzego zibishinzwe. Uburenganzira bwatanzwe n’urukiko rwambere rw’iremezo rwa
Kigali mu izina rya Juje Perezida Jean Hatagekimana.
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nyiri Prince House kuya 3 Ukwakira 1990. Yaregwaga ko ari umwe mu batumwa n’umwami
Kigeri V Ndahirwa ndetse akaba yari no mu mugambi w’iraswa ry’umugi wa Kigali ryabaye mu
ijoro ry’iya 4 rishyira iya 5 Ukwakira 1990, Iyamuremye Uzzia muramu wa Musoni Tito
yafunzwe mu byitso ariko aza kurekurwa. Yaregwaga iraswa ry’umujyi wa Kigali na Camp
Kigali mu ijoro ry’itariki ya 4 rishyira iya 5 Ukwakira 1990 ari ku musozi wa Kigali. Hafashwe
kandi Nsanzurwimo Gaetan, Bahizi Evariste, Ntaganda Joseph, Ntaganira alias “Dodo”
murumuna wa Mimire Joseph, Ntazinda Augustin, Butera Ignace wari ufite iduka muri Matheus.
Yarafashwe anafungwa mu byitso, Ntaganda Thomas, Karambi Innocent, umuhungu wa
Mutangana wari ufite uruganda rw’amabuye “Volta Super”, Murengezi uva inda imwe na Hussen
Mugwaneza, Ntaganda Innocent alias Rukoro wari atuye i Nyamirambo mu 1990. Yaje
guhungira i Burundi anyuze i Bugesera. Muvunyi Samson wari afite iduka muri Quartier
Matheus akava inda imwe na Karumura waregwaga kuba intasi ya FPR-Inkotanyi, Rucakatsi
wakoranaga cyane na Muvunyi Samson, wahunze igihe barimo bafata ibyitso by’Inkotanyi,
Kayigamba Pierre wari umucuruzi watumizaga ibintu mu mahanga akaba yari afite iduka
n’ububiko hagati ya Caritas ubu hubatse Centenary House na Etablissement Rwanyindo
waregwaga kuba atanga amakuru umunsi kuwundi mu bayobozi ba FPR Inkotanyi kubibera mu
Rwanda n’abandi.
Ndahiro Jean Baptiste uri mu bambuwe ibicuruzwa bye avuga ko umunsi Inkotanyi zinjirira i
Kagitumba aribwo we na murumuna we Edourd Kirenga basohotse mu gihugu. Amakuru y’uko
Inkotanyi zizatera u Rwanda yari ayazi ariko yari azi ko ibizakurikiraho bishobora kuba bibi
ahitamo kujyana n’umuvandimwe we. Imodoka ze z’ubwikorezi zari muri Kenya zitegereje
kuzana ibicuruzwa mu Rwanda. Ndetse hari imwe yari mu nzira igaruka yari itwaye ibicuruzwa
bya Kabuga Félicien. Imaze gupakurura yo n’indi modoka nto yari yasigaye i Kigali zarafashwe
zijyanwa ku biro bya Komini ya Nyarugenge bavuga ko nyirazo ari Inyenzi ariko nyuma zaje
guhabwa mukuru we Sakumi Anselme. Kubera kumara igihe kirekire zidakoreshwa zari zimaze
kwangirika. Ibindi yambuwe n’ibyari mu iduka n’ububiko yakoreragamo byari mu nzu
y’umugabo witwa Pio Semaheru. Harimo ibintu bifite agaciro karenze miliyoni cumi n’umunani.
Hari amafaranga yari amaze iminsi acuruzwa, hari amasheki yari yishyuwe atarajyana kuri konti
bayasanze mu mutamenwa bayashyira abari bayatwishyuye babaha amafaranga. Renzaho na
Gabriel Mbyariyehe wari Perezida w’abacuruzi, Obed Ruzindana wari umucuruzi akaba na
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muramu wa Renzaho, Mathias, Basabose n’abandi bafatanyije kugurisha ibintu bya bagenzi
babo. Mbyariyehe yaje gukuramo amafaranga menshi mu iryo gurisha ry’imitungo y’abo bari
bise Ibyitso by’Inkotanyi, bityo bimufasha kubaka inzu yari yaramunaniye iri i Nyarugenge 136.
4.6.1.2. Segiteri ya Rugenge
Mu ijoro ry’iya 4 rishyira iya 5 Ukwakira 1990 harashwe amasasu mu Mujyi wa Kigali bavuga
ko ari Inkotanyi zaraye zirasa ariko mu byukuri n’igikorwa kitari gifite aho gihuriye n’ukuri.
Kuya 5 Ukwakira bwakeye umujyi nta buzima ufite abaturage birirwa mu rugo zabo kubera
ubwoba. Mu sa mbiri za mu gitondo, Abajandarume bo ku Muhima bazindukiye mu ngo
z’abaturage. Konseye wa Rugenge, Mukandutiye Angélina wari umugenzuzi w’ifasi y’amashuri
ya Nyarugenge, Resiponsabule wa Bwahirimba witwaga Laurent n’undi muserire witwaga
Narcisse n’abandi ni bo bagendaga barangira abajandarume ingo z’Abatutsi. Icyo gihe muri
Rugenge hafashwe umugabo witwa Rwanga Charles, Mudenge Samuel, Ndemeyo bitaga
Umuhudi, Ingénieur Aristarque, Murigande wakoraga muri Minisiteri y’Ubuhinzi n’Ubworozi na
Niyibizi Bonaventure wari umukozi wa USAID.
Hafashwe kandi umudamu wa Ruzindana Léonald witwaga Mariya, Kabaka Daniel na Kabera
Assiel wari umaze iminsi mike ahungutse avuye i Burundi aje gutura muri Rugenge. Hafashwe
kandi Akili Remy wari umushoferi w’amakamyo mu Sosiyeti y’Igihugu yari Ishinzwe
Ubwikorezi (STIR). Uyu mugabo igihe yari afunzwe yicishijwe inzara nyuma baza
kumunywesha akadobo k’irangi rya SIRWA bamubwira ko ari amata y’Abatutsi. Ubwo yari
afunguwe, Akili Remy yararwaye bikomeye ndetse bimuviramo urupfu kuko usibye n’irangi
bamunjwesheje, yakubiswe kenshi kandi agakubitwa mu kico 137.
Abatutsi bafatiwe muri Segiteri ya Rugenge bahurijwe n’abafatiwe mu tundi duce twa Kigali kuri
Jandarumori ya Muhima mbere y’uko bajyanwa ku kibuga cy’imikino cya Nyamirambo. Aho mu
kibuga cy’imikino barabashinyaguriye kuko babanje kwicishwa inzara, barisha ubwatsi bwo mu
kibuga. Igihe batangiye kubazanira ibyo kurya babibaheraga mu nkweto babaga bambaye.
136
137
Ubuhamya bwa Ndahiro Jean-Baptiste, Nyarugenge, Gashyantare 2019.
Ubuhamya bwa Mudenge Martin wamenye ubuzima bwa Akili Remy, Muhima, Ukuboza 2018.
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Imiryango iharanira uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu yaratakambye maze abantu bari bafashwe
bajya gufungirwa muri Gereza ya Kigali yari izwi ku izina rya 1930 138.
4.6.1.3. Segiteri ya Muhima
Muri Segiteri ya Muhima, abajandarume bari bakwiriye hose, bashyizeho amabariyeri, babuza
abantu kugenda. Hakurikiyeho kwinjira mu ngo z’Abatutsi bavuga ko bagiye gusaka imbunda
zaraye zirasa mu mujyi. Ni bwo batangiye kurizwa amakamyo ya jandarumori bajyanwa mu kigo
cya jandarumori ku Muhima. Abasigaye baturijwe ayo makamyo n’ubundi bashyizweho ingenza
kugira ngo badatoroka.
Amabwiriza y’ibyakorwaga muri icyo gihe yatangwaga n’abayobozi b’ingabo na Jandarumori.
Abandi babigizemo uruhare ni Bagambiki Emmanuel wari Perefe wa Kigali na Karera François
wari ukiri Burugumesitiri wa Komini ya Nyarugenge. Konseye wa Muhima n’abaresiponsabure,
Komanda wa Jandarumori ya Muhima Munyakazi. Kapiteni Simbikangwa wayoboraga umutwe
Bitaga “Escadron de la Mort”.
Muri Segiteri ya Muhima, Serire ya Kabasengerezi hafashwe uwitwa Kayumba Demeyo,
Karangwa Manassé, Karamaga Charity, Mboninkesha Théogène, Gakwaya Gamariel, Karangwa
Paul w’umwubatsi, Kanamugire François bitaga “Gitoki” wari ufite igaraji rikomeye ku Kicukiro
ndetse yakinaga umukino wo gusiganwa mu modoka, Nzungize Antoine, Rwagasana James,
Kayirangwa Euphrasie wakoraga muri Banki ya Kigali, murumuna we Iribagiza Claudette na
basaza be babiri, Kayijamahe William, Karekezi Jean Claude, Safari Jean, Mbaraga Viateur,
Nyiringondo Epaphrodite wari uvuye muri Kenya mu kazi, Muhizi Edouard, Gisigisigi Evariste,
Rutayisire Déo bitaga Tigana, Safari Jean wari umukozi wa BCR, Nyiringondo Epaphrodite wari
umukozi wa ERP. Muri icyo gikorwa cyo gufata ibyitso hishwe umusore witwaga Samuel
wavukaga i Mabanza ku Kibuye. Abandi bafashwe ni bashiki ba Mayeri Eustache babiri bari
barashakiye i Bugande baraje kubasura. Nyuma baje gufungurwa basubirayo.
Abatutsi bafungiwe kuri Burigade ya Muhima ariko ntibahatinda kuko bajyanwe kufungirwa
hamwe n’abandi bari bavuye ahandi ku Kibuga cy’imikino i Nyamirambo. Bahageze, bicishijwe
inzara, barakubitwa kubera inzara batangira kurya ibyatsi. Aho imiryango iharanira
138
Ikiganiro na Patrick Kamanzi, Rugenge, kuwa 19 Nyakanga 2018
83
uburenganzira bw’ikiremwa muntu itakambiye batangira kubaha igikoma ariko babura uko
bakinywa kuko cyazaga gishyushye cyane ndetse nta bikombe byo kukinywesha bafite. Ni bwo
rero mu bari bacyambaye inkweto batangiye kuzifashisha kugira banywe icyo gikoma.
4.6.1.4. Segiteri ya Biryogo
Muri Segiteri ya Biryogo, Emmanuel Gahinda139 yafashwe mu biswe ibyitso by’Inkotanyi ubwo
bavugaga ko Inkotanyi zaraye zirasa amasasu mu mujyi wa Kigali. Mu rukerera kuya 5 Ukwakira
1990 yagiye gufata imodoka ye aho yari yaraye ku muryango w’aho yakoreraga asanga
abasirikare bahashyize bariyeri. Bakimubona bahise bamwaka indangamuntu. Benshi muri bo
bajyaga baza kunywera iwe ariko nta bucuti budasanzwe bari bafitanye. Indangamuntu ye yari
yanditsemo ko ari Umututsi ahita ahagarikwa yicazwa hamwe n’abandi bari bafashwe. Urundi
rugo rwasatswe mu gihe cyo gufata Ibyitso ni kwa Cyabakanga wakoraga muri banki.
Abajandarume bageze iwe basanga adahari batwara umugore we Ryabazayire Gérardine n’abana
be babiri. Abandi bafashwe bagafungwa ni umugabo witwa Rugeri-Nsinga wavukaga ku Kibuye
na nyina babanaga140.
Muri Segiteri ya Biryogo hafashwe na none Kalinda Emmanuel, Musafiri bitaga Muhamazi,
Disimas wakoraga mu ruganda rwakoraga amarangi rwitwaga SIRWA, Ntaganda wakoraga kwa
SIEVA, Gahigiro Sixbert, Vincent, Mutabaruka Silas, Ryabazayire Gérardine n’abana be
Rutagengwa Serge na Ruzindana Regis, Dukuzumuremyi Eugène wari umwarimu ku ishuri rya
Camp Kigali, Safari umuhungu wa Buhigiro n’abandi. Bigeze ahagana saa tanu z’amanywa,
abasirikari bari bamaze guhagarika abantu bageze kuri mirongo itanu bataramenya icyo bazira
kuko hari abandi berekanaga ibya ngombwa bagatambuka nta kibazo. Ikamyo ya jandarumori ni
yo yahabakuye ibajyana kuri Burigade ya Muhima ahahurijwe Abatutsi bafashwe mu duce
dutandukanye tw’umujyi wa Kigali. Benshi muri bo bari bakubiswe ndetse banakomeretse cyane.
Imodoka za jandarumori zongeye kubavana kuri Burigade ya Muhima ziberekeza i Nyamirambo
ku kibuga cy’imikino. Mu nzira abajandarume babaga bicaye muri karisori y’imodoka bagenda
bakandagira abantu mu mutwe n’inkweto ari na ko babakubita ibirindi by’imbunda.
139
Gahinda Emmanuel yari umucuruzi waje gutura mu Rugunga mu 1982 avuye mu Bunyambiriri. Aho mu
Rugunga yakoreraga ubucuruzi, benshi mu bakiriya be bari abasirikare bigaga mu ishui rikuru rya gisirikare ESM.
140
Ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Rutayisire Eugène, Biryogo, tariki ya 27 Nzeri 2018.
84
Muri stade harimo ingeri nyinshi z’abantu; usibye abagabo n’abasore, abagore n’abana nabo bari
bafungiwe ahongaho. Nyuma y’iminsi ibiri bari aho ku kibuga cy’imikino nta mazi yo kunywa
cyangwa ifunguro, abantu baje gutaka inzara, basaba abajandarume bari barinze iyo stade
kubarekura bagataha. Ku munsi wa gatatu ni bwo Umuryango Utabara Imbabare w’u Rwanda
wazaniye abari aho igikoma. Icyo gikoma ntibyari byoroshye kukinywa kuko nta bikombe byari
bihari. Abari bacyambaye inkweto, kuko benshi bagendaga bazita, bazifashishije kugira ngo
babashe kuzinywesha icyo gikoma.
Abajyanama segiteri na ba resiponsabure ba serire bahamagajwe kuri Stade basabwa kujonjora
abantu, buri wese agendaga yerekana umuturage utuye muri serire ayobora kandi agatangirwa
ubuhamya ko ari umuturage mwiza cyangwa utari mwiza. Uwatangirwaga ubuhamya bwiza
yahitaga arekurwa agataha141.
4.6.1.5. Segiteri ya Nyamirambo
Abafashwe mu byitso muri Segiteri ya Nyamirambo muri Serire ya Gatare ni Rubayiza,
Nteziryayo Eugène, Gatera Mbogo, Primiyani waje kugwa muri gereza igihe yafungwaga
n’abandi. Muri Serire Kivugiza hafashwe Kahabaye Joseph, Ruremesha Léonard, Disi Félix,
Rukemampunzi Stanislas n’ummugore we Mariyana, Gatali Camille, Nteziryayo Léonard
n’abandi. Benshi muri aba bari inshuti za François Karera ariko ntibyamubujije kubarega
ibinyoma. Mu ifatwa ryabo yavugaga ko bafatanye Stanislas Rukemampunzi amasasu yari
yahishe mu mata, ko Joseph Kahabaye bamufatanye amasasu yahishe mu icukiro, Disi Félix na
Habimana bo bari bafite umugambi wo kwica Abahutu batuye Kivugiza bakabajugunya mu
byobo iyo FPR-Inkotanyi itsinda. Aba bagambaniwe na Noël Hitimana wari umwanditsi
w’ikinyamakuru Kangura na François Karera wari Burugumesitiri wa Komini ya Nyarugenge
icyo gihe. Igihe cy’ifatwa cy’abiswe ibyitso by’Inkotanyi nanone, Joséphine Mukaruhungo
yafungishije Mukabalisa na Florida nyuma baje kwicwa mu ntangiriro ya Jenoside yakorewe
Abatutsi. Undi wagize uruhare mu gufatisha abatutsi ni umugore witwa Madeleine Senguri.
Yahoze ari umukozi wa RWANDEX i Gikondo aza no kuba mu Mpuzamugambi za CDR. Avuka
muri Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri, akaba yarashakanye n’umugabo wahoze mu ngabo z’u Rwanda.
Mu gihe cy’ifatwa ry’abiswe ibyitso by’Inkotanyi, Madeleine Senguri na we yagambaniye
141
Ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Emmanuel Gahinda, Nyarugenge kuwa 10 Nzeri 2018.
85
umugabo w’Umututsi witwaga Ruremesha arafungwa, nyuma aza kwicwa igihe Jenoside
yakorwaga ku Kivugiza142.
4.6.1.6. Segiteri ya Nyakabanda
Muri Segiteri ya Nyakabanda kimwe n’ahandi hose, Umututsi yahuye n’ibibazo bikomeye cyane
cyane abakoraga mu nzego bwite z’ubutegetsi bwa Leta, abanyabwenge, abakoraga imirimo
y’ubucuruzi n’abakoreraga imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta. Kuya 3 Ukwakira inzego
z’umutekano zatangiye gufata abantu. Paulin na mugenzi we Louis bari batuye mu Nyakabanda
ariko bagacururiza muri Quartier Matheus. Barafashwe bajyanwa mu kigo cya Camp Kigali
bahahasanga bandi bagera kuri 15. Paulin Rugero aragira ati “Icyo gihe batwicaje ku kibuga cya
basket cyari imbere y’amashuri abanza ya Camp Kigali. Igihe ibyacu batangiye kubyiga haje
umugabo wari usanzwe unzi witwaga Adjudant Chef Rutamujyanye wakundaga kuza ku kazi aho
nakoreraga muri Matheus ankura mu bandi ndataha. Mu bo twari kumwe aho ngaho nari nzi
n’umusore witwaga Kayiranga twakoranaga muri Matheus nasizeyo igihe nari ndekuwe ariko
sinongeye kumuca iryera kugeza magingo aya. Bivuze ko yiciwe aho ngaho143”.
Ku itari ya 4 ishyira iya 5 Ukwakira 1990 ni bwo mu mujyi humvikanye amasasu. Bukeye ni bwo
bavuze ko Inkotanyi zarashe umujyi wa Kigali ariko ko ingabo z’u Rwanda zazirukanye. Rugero
arongera ati:
“nari ntuye mu Nyakabanda hafi ya Hotel Baob, nitegeye neza Nyarugenge. Iryo joro naraye
ndeba amasasu anyuranamo aturuka mu kigo cya gisirikare cya Camp Kigali. Nayabonaga
neza kuko nari nitegeye umujyi. Andi yavaga ku Muhima mu kigo cya Jandarumori. Bukeye
batubujije gusohoka ariko ubwo abasirikare n’abajandarume bari bageze hose ndetse no mu
ngo z’abantu. Mu baturanyi banjye telephone zaracicikanaga abantu babazanya amakuru
y’ibyaraye bibaye. Nka saa mbiri n’igice za mu gitondo hari umuturanyi wanjye wambwiye
ko hari abantu bafashwe na Jandarumori b’abakozi ba Leta”. Ubwo harimo abitwa:
142
–
Businge Jeanne wakoraga muri Ambassade ya Kenya, ubu ukora muri RIAM;
–
Munyembaraga Narcisse144 wakoraga muri MIJEUMA ;
Ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Rugundana Vedaste, kuwa 20 Nzeri 2018.
Ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Rugero Paulin, Nyakabanda, Werurwe 2019
144
Munyembaraga afunguwe yaje yagiye gukora muri MINITRANSCO, yaje no kuba Umuyobozi Mukuru w’Iposita.
143
86
–
Sisi Evariste bitaga « SIEVA »
–
Gasamagera Wellars abajandarume batwaye baboshye bamukuye aho yari atuye munsi
y’amashuri ya Kabusunzu ;
–
Ruhatana Ignace wari umukozi wa Minisiteri y’Imigambi ya Leta ;
–
Nyakwigendera Ruhatana Ignace yashyizwe mu itsinda ryaregwagamo abantu hagati ya
1988 na 1990 basohotse mu gihugu bakabonana n’Inkotanyi ;
–
Maziyateke Claire wari umukozi w’Ambasade y’Ababirigi mu Rwanda ;
–
Kayiranga n’umugore we Thérèse bari batuye iruhande rwa burigade ya Nyamirambo ;
–
Karangwa Claver n’umukobwa we Karangwa Assumpta wari umunyamakuru kuri Radiyo
Rwanda ;
–
Nzungize145 wari utuye hafi y’umuhanda wa kaburimbo umuhanda witiwe Kadhafi ugana
Kimisagara ;
–
Kayiranga François n’umugore we Thérèse bari batuye hafi ya burigade ya Nyamirambo
babatesha kurera abana babo b’impanga bari bakiri bato cyane. Thérèse 146 yagiye
gufungirwa muri gereza ya Gitarama, naho Kayiranga afungirwa muri gereza ya 1930.
–
Rugero Paulin, n’abandi.
Rugero Paulin aratubwira uko nyuma yo gufatwa kuya 3 Ukwakira 1990 mu gitondo muri
Matheus akarekurwa ku mbabazi za Adjuda Shefu Rutamujyanye, yongeye gufatirwa iwe mu
rugo afungirwa ku kibuga k’imikino cya Nyamirambo:
“Mu gitondo nka saa tatu abasirikare bagera ku munani bayobowe na Lt Kalisa uvuka mu Buliza
bageze iwanjye mu rugo bayobowe n’uwari umuserire. Bakomanze ku rugi rw’irembo umukozi
ajya gufungura, bamubaza ko naharaye na we abasubiza ko mpari. Binjiriye ku muryango
w’uruganiriro ninjye ubwanjye wabafunguriye ariko basanze nsa n’uwiteguye gusohoka. Ikintu
cya mbere bambajije, habe no kumbwira ijambo waramutse, ni ahantu naba nziranye n’umugabo
witwa Gatemberezi. Nababwiye ko muzi ko atuye mu Nyakabanda. Ubwo bahise baboneza mu
byumba basaka inzu yanjye baruhukira ku cyumba umugore wanjye yari aryamyemo n’umwana
w’uruhinja kuko twari tumaze icyumweru kimwe twibarutse. Ntibatinye kureba ibyo aryamiye no
145
Uyu Nzungize amaze gufungurwa yahise yitaba Imana azize uburozi yaba yaraherewe muri gereza igihe yari
afunzwe.
146
Theresa afatwa yarakubiswe cyane. Ageze muri gereza ya Gitarama barakomeje baramukubita ku buryo ubu
ubona ko yagize ikibazo gikomeye ku buzima bwo mu mutwe.
87
gusesera munsi y’ibitanda ngo barasaka imbunda. Bavuye mu cyumba umugore wanjye yari
aryamyemo barambwira ngo nimbereke aho nahishe imifuka y’amasasu Gatemberezi yazanye
iwanjye n’aho imbunda yo mu bwoko bwa MG (Machine Gun) naraye ndashisha ibitse.
Nababwiye ko ibyo bintu nta byo dufite kandi ko ntabizi kuko ntari umusirikare ko bafite
uburenganzira bwo kurebera aho bashaka.N’umujinya mwinshi umwe anshyira imbere ngo
tugende. Umugore wanjye wari ku kiriri ndetse n’abana banjye nta we nabwiye aho ngiye kuko
uwo mwanya batigeze bawumpa. Ngenda ntyo nsiga ab’iwanjye barira. Tugeze hanze banshyize
mu modoka ya VW Kombi, tunyura imbere ya “Hotel Baobab” twinjirira ku muryango wa kane
w’ikibuga cy’imikino. Muri Stade nasanzemo abantu batagira ingano. Ntangira gukubitwa
bambwira kwemera imbunda n’amasasu bafatiye iwanjye. Kuri uwo mugoroba bigeze nka saa
moya baje kunshaka aho nari ndyamye ku ibaraza ry’igice cya stade gisakaye. Nabonaga noneho
igisigaye ari ukunyica; baransohoye nsanga ya modoka yanzanye mu gitondo yiteguye kunjyana.
Banyinjijemo ariko nza kumenya noneho uwari uyitwaye. Yari itwawe n’umusirikare w’umu
Sergeant watwaraga umusirikare witwa Nyampame wari utuye i Nyamirambo. Nabonye kandi Lt
Kalisa wari waje iwanjye mu gitondo. Bageze aho nari ndyamye, baravuze ngo cya kindi
cy’imifuka y’amasasu kiri hehe? Ubwo bahita bambwira ngo tugende ujye kutwereka aho
wahishe imbunda ya MG n’amasasu Gatemberezi yasize iwawe. Kugeza iyo saha kandi
amakamyo (ya Benz na IVEKO) yari akizana abantu gufungirwa aho kuri stade”.
4.6.1.7. Segiteri ya Kimisagara
Muri Segiteri ya Kimisagara hafashwe uwitwa Kabuguza wari ufite umugore ufite “station” ya
Essence ku Giticyinyoni. Hafashwe kandi umugabo witwa Kabanda Anastase wari utuye muri
Serire ya Akatabaro. Aba bagabo bafunguwe nyuma y’ibyumweru bibiri bagaruka mu ngo zabo
ubona barazahaye bikomeye kubera imibereho mibi bagiriye mu buroko 147.
4.6.1.8. Segiteri ya Cyahafi
Mu gitondo cy’iya 5 Ukwakira 1990 ahitwa kuri “TEZEFU” hashyizwe bariyeri ikomeye
y’abasirikare, abandi basirikare bamanuka hafi y’Akabari bitaka “Imararungu” bahasiga ikamyo
yarimo abandi bantu bafashwe muri icyo gitondo. Abo basirikare binjira mu rusisiro bajya gusaka
147
Mudacyahwa Emmanuel, Kimisagara, Nzeri 2018
88
mu ngo z’Abatutsi bari bahatuye. Abo basirikare bahise bajya mu rugo rw’uwitwa Rodomo
Aloys, ariko ntibahamusanga. Begereye imbere gato basimbuka igipangu cy’umugabo witwa
Gatsimbanyi Ernest bavugaga ko atunze imbunda. Bakigera imbere mu rugo rwe ntibarindiriye
ko ba nyiri urugo bafungura urugi. Bamubajije ibibazo byinshi birimo aho abitse imbunda atunze
kandi akayirashisha. Yabawiye ko kuva avutse atigeze akora ku mbunda. Bamubajije kandi igihe
aherutse kujya mu mahanga, we abasubiza yuko adaherutse mu mahanga ahubwo ko ari
umukobwa we witwa Gasengayire Assumpta wakoraga icyo gihe muri MINITRAPE. Ni bwo
nawe yiyongereye ku rutonde rw’abashakishwa. Gatsimbanyi bamwurije ikamyo ajya
gufungirwa i Gikondo ahari hagenewe kubika ifarini yabaga yavuye mu ruganda rwa Kabuga
Felicien i Byumba. Undi wafashwe agafungwa ni umugabo witwaga Ndayambaje Pierre wari
umukozi wa Minisiteri y’Imigambi ya Leta (MINIPLAN). Hafunzwe kandi Munyankindi
wubakishaga amazu. Ifatwa n’ifungwa rye ryatumye Veneranda bari barashakanye uvuka ku
Gisagara asubizwa iwabo kubera ko uruhushya rwo gutura no kuba mu mujyi rwari rwarahawe
umugabo we Munyankindi rwari rumaze guteshwa agaciro. Undi ni Nyirabazungu wari
wariyanditse ku mubiri we ngo “Vive Kigeli V”. Undi wafashwe ni’umutegarugori witwaga
Mariya umugore wa Rwamasirabo Antoine. Uko ari batatu bafunguwe nyuma y’amezi
atandatu148.
4.6.1.9. Segiteri ya Gitega
Rukeza wari resiponsabure wa Serire yaherekeje abasirikare mu rugo rwa Kinyange Daniel.
Bakimukubita amaso baramubajije ngo kuki atabyutse ngo ajye gukora umuganda wo gutema
ibihuru aho inyenzi zihishe. Kinyange yahise abasubiza ko atari azi iyo gahunda y’umuganda,
arababwira ati noneho reka mfate umupanga tugende. Barazamuka bageze hafi y’umugabo witwa
Nayino, haza umugabo wari utuye muri Camp Kigali witwa Cyrille wavukaga mu Ruhengeri,
arababwira ngo Daniel ajya i Bugande afite amakuru y’inyenzi. Umupanga bahise bawumwaka
baramushorera bamugeza ku ikamyo ya Iveko yari ihahagaze baramuterura bamujugunyamo,
asangamo abandi bagenda babakubita 149.
Kabagema Daniel wakoraga muri Ambassade y’Ubufaransa mu Rwanda, avuga ko inkoni ari cyo
gikoma cyanyobwaga n’abari bafunzwe bazira kuba ibyitso by’Inkotanyi. Igihe yafatwaga kugera
148
149
Ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Gatsimbanyi Félicien, Gitega kuwa 10 Mutarama 2019
Ikiganiro na Mparabanyi Faustin warokotse Jenoside, Gitega kuwa 15 Mutarama 2019.
89
ageze muri gereza yarakubiswe cyane ndetse biranakomeza. Ubu yakuyemo ubumuga n’ubu
agendana. Undi wafashwe ni Karangwa Claver n’umukobwa we Assumpta Karangwa wari
umukozi wa Radiyo Rwanda, Gatsimbanyi na Albert wari ufite ateliye y’ubudozi bita «Albert
Supply».
Kabagema Daniel avuga ku buzima bari barimo icyo gihe bafunze n’ubwicanyi bwakorerwaga
abo bitaga ibyitso by’Inyenzi-Inkotanyi. Muri gereza ya 1930, cyane nijoro bajyaga baza gutwara
abantu bakajya kwicwa. Hishwe umugabo witwa Kimenyi wavukaga ku Kibuye akubiswe cyane
n’abarindaga gereza bamusanze aho imfungwa zihagarikaga kugeza igihe ashiriyemo umwuka.
Umugore wa Muvala Valens umwe wakinaga umupira igihe bazaga gufata abo bica bamukuruye
imisatsi yari iboshye iracika amaze atangira kuva amaraso mu mutwe.
Hari umujandarume Lt Bizumuremyi alias «Rutuku» wavukaga muri segiteri ya Rugenge wari
ushinzwe umutekano mu mujyi na we wazaga gutwara abantu aho bitaga mu kiriziya. Abongabo
irengero ryabo ntiryamenyekanaga. Ubwo bwicanyi bwategurwaga n’ubuyobozi bwa gereza
bufatanyije na jandarumori. Bwamaze amajoro abiri maze amakuru agera ku miryango iharanira
uburenganzira bw’ikiremwa muntu. Ni bwo iyo miryango n’abahagarariye ibihugu byabo mu
Rwanda bazaga gusura izo mfungwa. Ubwicanyi bwabaye nkubuhosha ariko noneho haza
amayeri yo amayeri yo kugaburira izo mfungwa amafunguro ahumanye. Nyuma y’iryo surwa
Kabagema Daniel na Karangwa Claver wari umuturanyi we, umunsi abahagarariye ibihugu
byabo mu Rwanda basuraga gereza ya 1930 ni bwo basohotse muri gereza. Hasohotse kandi
n’abandi bakoreraga ambasade n’indi miryango mpuzamahanga yakoreraga mu Rwanda. Ajuda
shefu Barakengera Théoneste wayoboraga gereza ya 1930 ni we wahaye ibya ngombwa bisohoka
abari bafunguwe. Kuva icyo gihe kandi abasigayemo bagiye babohereza kubafungira muri gereza
zitandukanye 150.
4.6.1.10. Segiteri ya Muhima
Intambara yo kubohora u Rwanda itangira kuya 1 Ukwakira 1990, ubuyobozi bwa Segiteri ya
Muhima kimwe n’ahandi bwatangiye kuvangura abaturage bayo. Ubuyobozi icyo gihe bwaba
ubwa gisivili cyangwa ubwa gisirikare bwashimangiye ko umwanzi yateye igihugu kandi ko
uwateye ari umututsi bityo imiryango y’Abatutsi itangira kurebwa nabi. Icyo gihe Abatutsi bitwa
150
Ikiganiro na Kabagema Daniel, Gitega 16 Mutarama 2019.
90
Inyenzi, inyangarwanda, inzoka n’andi mazina yari agamije kwerekana uko umututsi atari
umuntu nk’abandi cyangwa se ari umuntu usuzuguritse. Icyo gihe kandi mu mbwirwaruhamwe
za Perezida Habyarimana Juvénal zakanguriraga abaturage kumenya neza abaturanyi babo kuko
abateye u Rwanda ari impunzi z’Abatutsi kandi bakaba bafitanye isano “Buri wese yikebuke
yirebe”.
Abaturage hagati yabo, kubera izo mbwirwaruhamwe zanyuraga kuri Radiyo Rwanda, imibanire
yarahindutse batangira koko kwishishanya, ndetse Abahutu batangira kureba nabi Abatutsi. Ibyo
byagaragariraga mu mvugo cyangwa amagambo Abatutsi babwirwaga ndetse n’ibikorwa
by’urugomo bari basigaye babakorera. Imvugo ziganisha ku rwango nk’abana b’inzoka, abana
b’inyenzi, kubatera ubwoba ngo nibatabuza inyenzi zene wabo gutera igihugu ko bazashira nta
muntu n’umwe zizasanga mu gihugu. Mu bari bafite inshuti z’Abahutu zahise zibacikaho bitwaje
ko Abatutsi babagambaniye151.
4.6.1.11. Segiteri ya Kanyinya
Ku mashuri abanza ya Kanyinya, Mudadari Justin wigeze kuba Burugumesitiri wa Komini
Shyorongi, muri icyo gihe akaba yari umwarimu n’umuyobozi w’iryo shuri, ntiyigeze aha
amahwemo abana b’Abatutsi bahigaga. Muhawenimana Denyse wigaga mu mwaka wa Karindwi
icyo gihe kuri iryo shuri yibuka itoteza Mudadari Justin yakoreraga abanyeshuri b’Abatutsi.
Yagize ati: “nibuka ko Mudadari yazengurukaga mu mashuri yose abwira abanyeshuri ngo
Abatutsi barimo nibahaguruke bamara guhaguruka akabwira abasigaye ngo ngaho namwe
nimwirebere!152”
4.6.1.12. Segiteri ya Nzove
Impore avuga ko igitero cyo kuwa 1 Ukwakira 1990 cyaraye kibaye aribwo amakuru yasakaye
aho yari atuye muri Segiteri ya Nzove ko Inyenzi-Inkotanyi zateye zinyuze ku mupaka wa
Kagitumba. Icyo gihe kandi radiyo Rwanda mu biganiro byayo yavugaga ko abateye bafite
imirizo. Ubutegetsi bwakomeje kwigisha ko abateye ari ibisimba, ariko ntibyatinda abantu baza
gusobanukirwa kuko hari abantu bafunzwe bafatiwe ku rugamba ndetse n’abandi bafatiwe mu
151
152
Ubuhamya bwa Nyiringondo Epaphrodite, Muhima, kuwa 7 Ukuboza 2018
Ubuhamya bwa Muhawenimana Denyse, Kanyinya, kuwa 12 Ukuboza 2018
91
bikorwa by’ubutasi i Kigali n’ahandi bafungirwa muri Gereza ya 1930. Igihe cyo gufungurwa
kwabo no gusubiza imfungwa, benshi ni bwo Impore yasobanukiwe ko Inkotanyi atari ibisimba
ahubwo ari ugusebanya.
Impore akomeza avuga ko aho yari atuye hatangiye kuza urwikekwe hagati y’Abahutu
n’Abatutsi. Abahutu bavugaga ko Abahutu ari abagambanyi, abarunari n’andi mazina y’ivangura
n’iteshagacirokandi mu byukuri Abatutsi ntibari basobanukiwe neza iby’intambara y’Inkotanyi.
Abategetsi nabo batangiye kureba nabi Abatutsi, baraburaburabuzwa, aho Umututsi anyuze
bakakuvugiriza induru kandi nta ruhare afite mu rugamba igihugu cyarimo.
Abatutsi bafashwe nk’ibyitso muri Segiteri ya Nzove ni Gasamagera Gabriel bitaga
“Locomotive” wo mu Nzove. Inkotanyi zitera baramusenyeye bamutwikira n’imodoka. Akimara
gufungurwa, yahise ahunga n’umuryango we bajya gutura ku Kivugiza i Nyamirambo. Undi
watwikiwe ni Gafurumba Désiré nawe wari utuye mu Nzove153.
4.6.1.13. Segiteri ya Butamwa
Ifatwa ry’ibyitso mu gitondo cyo kuya 5 Ukwakira 1990 ryajyanye n’iyicwa ry’Abatutsi. Radiyo
Rwanda mu rukerera imaze gutangaza ko abantu bose baguma mu ngo zabo ko akazi
gahagaritswe uwo munsi, usibye abakozi bakoreraga ELECTROGAZ n’ibitaro, Karinganire
Dismas wari wagiye mu rukerera agiye ku kazi yiboneye ubwe amaraso atemba ku mihanda
ubwo yari kumwe n’umukoresha we bajyanye aho yakoreraga mu kigo cya CELA. Imodoka za
MINITRAP zatwaraga amazi nizo zakoraga isuku zigenda zimena amazi ahabaga hiciwe abantu.
Mu bafashwe mu byitso by’Inkotanyi i Butamwa, hafunzwe Kayitani mwene Maritini na
Gatarayiha Geregori. Hafashwe kandi undi witwaga Kalisa ariko we yaje gufungurwa bidatinze
avugiwe na Konseye Kangavera Xaveri wategekaga Segiteri ya Butamwa amaze gusimbura
Nkurikiyimfura Augustini wari waratowe n’abaturage. Umunsi abo bagabo bafatwa batwawe
n’imodoka ya komini yabajyanye i Nyamirambo kuri sitade baherekejwe n’abapolisi. Baje
gufungurwa nyuma y’amezi atandatu nta cyaha bagaraweho, nta ndishyi bahawe ahubwo
baramugajwe n’inkoni n’ubuzima bubi bwo muri gereza154.
153
154
Ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Impore Innocent, Nzove, kuya 12 Ukuboza 2018
Ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Karinganire Dismas, Mageragere, 11 Ugushyingo 2018
92
4.6.2. Imibereho y’abiswe ibyitso by’Inkotanyi
Imibereho y’abari bafashwe mu byitso yakomeje kuba mibi uko bukeye. Harimo gukubitwa buri
munsi, inzara, inyota n’ibindi. Ku itariki ya 6 Ukwakira abantu bari aho muri stade bari batangiye
gusonza noneho batangira kurisha ibyatsi. Hari igiti cy’ipapayi n’igiti cy’umwembe muri stade.
Uwabaga agiye kwihagarika yarwaniraga gukuraho amababi kugira ngo abashe gukamuramo
utuzi. Nyuma gato Umuryango Nyarwanda Utabara Imbabare wazaniye igikoma abari aho ariko
habura ibikombe byo kukinyweramo. Ni bwo abantu batangiye kwiga ubundi bwenge bwo
kunywa bakoresheje inkweto. Ubwo kandi nticyageze kuri bose kuko byari nko kurigata. Bukeye
bwaho haje ibitoki by’imineke byari bipakiwe mu modoka ya MINITRANSCO ariko banga
kubiha abari bafunze, abantu nabwo barushaho gusonza. Imiryango irengera uburenganzira
bw’ikiremwamuntu imaze kumenya ko hari abari kwicwa urubozo yaje gusura aho kuri stade.
Icyavuye muri iryo surwa n’uko kuya 7 Ukwakira 1990 hatangiye igikorwa cyo kuvangura
abantu hakurikijwe amaperefegitura bakomokamo. Hanze aho imodoka zihagarara hari za bisi
n’amakamyo menshi abategereje. Kubera ibyaha abantu baregwaga byatumaga ntawajyanwaga
gufungirwa aho uvuka. Rugero Paulin uri mu bari bafunzwe bamubwiye ko agomba kujya
gufungirwa muri gereza “Special” ya Ruhengeri kuko hejuru y’imifuka y’amasasu n’imbunda ya
MG yashinjwaga baje noneho kuvuga ko ari Liyetona wafatiwe ku rugamba.
Rugero akomeza agira ati: «imodoka zijya i Byumba, Kibungo ndetse n’abagomba gufungirwa
muri Gereza ya 1930 bose bavanywe muri stade. Bisi ya Ruhengeri yaraje tuyijyamo tujyeze muri
Rond Point ya Kigali abasirikare ba Zayire bari batabaye u Rwanda bashaka kuturasa.
Bihosheje turakomeza na bwo tugeze imbere yo kwa Sakumi ku Muhima tuhasanga abasirikare
b’abazayirwa baraduhagarika ariko ntibatugora. Tugeze Nyabugogo bahise baduha abasirikare
baduherekeza hanyuma tugeze ku Giticyinyoni umushoferi wari udutwaye avuga ko mazutu afite
ari nke itamugeza mu Ruhengeri. Hashize isaha bategereje ko ababishinzwe banywesha imodoka
twarimo, umushoferi n’abasirikare bari baturinze bakomeza i Gitarama.
Saa mbiri z’ijoro ni bwo twageze i Gitarama kuri gereza, badukura mu modoka noneho
abasirikare bihererana abanyururu twari tuhasanze barababwira ngo batwice. Umugambi wo
kutwica wamenyekanye bamaze akanya babijyaho impaka birangira abanyururu babyanze maze
abari batuzanye aho bongera kutubwira ngo dusubire mu makamyo imodoka zikomeza zigana i
93
Nyanza. I Nyamza twahageze mu rukerera tuhasanga abacuruzi b’i Nyanza, abarimu
batwigishije mu mashuri abanza nabo bafunzwe bitwa ibyitso by’Inkotanyi. Twarafunzwe kugera
muri Gashyantare 1991155».
4.6.3. Irekurwa ry’abiswe ibyitso by’Inkotanyi
Abafashwe mu byitso by’Inkotanyi baregwaga icyaha cyo kugambanira Igihugu. Abahutu
b’intagondwa bavugaga ko icyo cyaha gihanishwa urupfu kandi umuntu agahita yicwa. Nyuma
haje gushyirwaho akanama gashinzwe ijonjora ry’abafashwe mu byitso kuva intambara itangiye
mu Kwakira 1990. Ako kanama kashinzwe uwari Umushinjacyaha Mukuru Bwana Alphonse
Marie Nkubito waje kuba Minisitiri w’Ubutabera nyuma ya Jenoside. Bakunze gushyira mu
majwi ko na we yari icyitso cy’Inkotanyi kubera kurekura bamwe mu bari bafashwe. Ako
kanama gashyirwaho kari kasabwe gukorana ubushishozi kagafungura abarengana.
Sebagabo Alphonse wabarizwaga i Gikondo mu nyandiko yise “Ka kanama kari kayobowe na
Nkubito Alphonse ngo kaba kararekuye Inkotanyi n’ibyitso byazo kiyushye icyuya kurusha
abakibize bazifata”156, yandikiye Porokireri Nkubito urwandiko arunyuza muri Kangura nyuma
y’irekurwa rya Sebera Antoine na Landouald Ndasingwa. Umwanditsi avuga ko baza gusaka kwa
Antoine Sebera bahasanze imbunda esheshatu zingana n’umubare w’abasore bafatiye mu
gishanga munsi yo kwa Sebera barimo kurasa. Landouald Ndasingwa we yafunzwe aregwa kuba
ari we wari gutegura umunsi mukuru Inkotanyi zimaze gufata ubutegetsi157. Umwanditsi
yasabaga ko ako kanama gaseswa kagasimburwa n’urukiko rwa gisirikare kandi ko n’ibyitso
byarekuwe byaburanishwa n’urukiko ruburanisha abahungabanyije umutekano wa Leta. Ku
itariki ya 27 Ukuboza 1990 ni bwo hari hateganyijwe iburanishwa rya mbere ry’abari bafungiye
icyaha cyo kuba ibyitso by’Inkotanyi158. Urubanza rwabereye mu nzu y’Inama Igihugu Iharanira
Amajyambere yakoreragamo by’agateganyo. Mu itsinda rya mbere ryarimo Narcisse
Munyambaraga159, Charles Mukurarinda160, Carpophore Gatera, Emmanuel Ntakiyimana, Jean
155
Ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Rugero Paulin, Nyakabanda, Werurwe 2019.
Kangura N° 6, Ukuboza 1990, urupapuro rwa 10-11.
157
Idem
158
Kangura n°7, Ukuboza 1990, urupapuro rwa 6
159
Icyo gihe Munyambaraga Narcisse yari Umuyobozi Mukuru w’Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Amaposita mu Rwanda
160
Mukurarinda Charles yakoreraga Palloti-Presse
156
94
Baptiste Karinijabo, Charles Tamba, Ignace Ruhatana, na Donasiyani Rugema. Baregwaga ibi
bikurikira:
–
Kuba bari mu Rwanda no mu mahanga cyane cyane muri Uganda hagati y’umwaka wa
1988 na 1990 baragiranye ubucuti n’umutwe w’Inkotanyi wari ugamije kuvutsa amahoro
n’ubumwe abaturarwanda.
–
Kuba umwe ku giti cye cyangwa afatanyije n’uwundi barafatanyije n’Inkotanyi batera
iterabwoba ndetse n’intambara
–
Kuba bari mu Bugande barafatanyije mu migambi yayo 161.
Irindi tsinda ryashyizwemo Jean de Dieu Kabengera, Fidèle Niyonkuru, Athanase Karake ryo
ryaregwaga ibi bikurikira :
-
Kuba bari mu Rwanda batunze cassette irimo ibintu bifitanye isano n’Inkotanyi.
-
Kuba Fidèle Niyonkuru yaramenye imigambi y’Inkotanyi ntabimenyeshe ubutegetsi162.
Izo manza zarasubitswe ababuranyi bamaze gusaba kongererwa igihe cyo kwiga neza urubanza
zishyirwa kuwa 9 Mutarama 1991. Mu ntangiriro za Gashyantare 1992, mu bari bafungiye muri
Gereza ya 1930 harekuwe Munyambaraga Narcisse, Rugema Donatien, Mukurarinda Charles,
Ntakiyimana Emmanuel, Gatera Carpophore, Comanda Munyagatanga, Colonel Uwihoreye
wahoze ari umuyobozi w’ishuri rya Jandarumori EGENA waziraga kwima amasasu abasirikare
bityo Inkotanyi zigafata umujyi wa Ruhengeri nta nkomyi, Mugabo Jean Damascène n’abandi.
Abari bamaze kurekurwa, benshi muri bo bangiwe gusubira ku kazi bahozeho kuko wasangaga
ahenshi barasimbujwe. Ibyo byabaye cyane cyane abakoraga mu bigo bya leta. Icyo gihe kandi
ubuyobozi bwohereje imodoka za Perefegitura y’Umujyi wa Kigali na bisi za ONATRACOM
gufata Abatutsi mu mugi wa Kigali bakabasubiza ku ivuko bitwa ko ari imihirimbiri.
4.6.4. Ibyiswe gushyingura Fred Rwigema muri Komini ya Nyarugenge
Mu ntangiriro z’Ugushyingo 1990 ni bwo urupfu rwa General Major Fred Rwigema
rwamenyekanye binyuze kuri Radiyo Rwanda. Iyo nkuru ikimenyekana, abategetsi barishimye
bemeza ko urugamba Inyenzi zashoje zirutsinzwe ku mugaragaro, inzirabwoba zihimba
indirimbo zerekana ko urugamba zirushoje.
161
162
Kangura n° 7, Ukuboza 1990, urupapuro rwa 6
Idem
95
Tariki ya 5 Ugushyingo 1990 hatangizwa ibikorwa byo gushyigikira ingabo byabimburiwe
n’umuhango wiswe uwo guhamba Generali Fred Gisa Rwigema. Ibi byateguriwe muri buri
Segiteri, mu bigo bya Leta n’ibyigenga ndetse no mu bigo by’amashuri aho abaturage bikoreye
imitumba n’ingiga z’ibiti bakajya kubujugunya mu byobo byari byaracukuwe n’inzego
z’ubutegetsi nk’inkimenyetso ko Rwigema ahambwe. Abitabiriye uwo muhango, bagiye
baririmba indirimbo yari yarahimbwe n’Inzirabwoba ndetse yigishwa abanyeshuri hirya no hino
mu mashuri163.
Uburyo iki gikorwa cyateguwe muri segiteri za Komini ya Nyarugenge, abayobozi babigizemo
uruhare n’itotezwa ryakorewe Abatutsi muri uwo muhango nibyo bigaragara mu bika bikurikira.
4.6.4.1. Segiteri ya Nyarugenge
Abari muri urwo rugendo bahagurukiye kuri Rond Point imbere y’ahahoze “Etablissement
Rwandais” bafata umuhanda ujya mu Gakinjiro baca imbere ya Burigade ya Muhima bazamuka
umuhanda ujya ku isoko rya Nyarugenge. Bakomereje ku ku muhanda wa «Quartier
Commercial» berekeza n’ubundi aho bari baturutse, muri Rond-Point. Ubwo bagendaga
baririmba indirimbo yari imaze iminsi yigishwa kandi inaririmbwa kuri radiyo ivuga ngo:
“Ngabo z’u Rwanda dukomere, inyangarwanda twazikubise inshuro, zifuza icyazizanye…”,
indirimbo ishobora kuba yarahimbwe na Colonel Rusatira.
Umuhango w’uwo munsi wasorejwe muri Rond Point hagati mu busitani. Icyo gihe bashyizeho
indangururamajwi batangira kubyina ikivunge. Ubuzima bwari bwahagaze muri «Quartier
Matheus na Commercial». Mu mbwirwaruhamwe zahavugiwe abategetsi bavuze ko
inyangarwanda bazisubije inyuma ariko bashimangira ko abaturage baba maso kugira ngo birinde
umwanzi kandi ko umwanzi atari kure ahubwo abarimo 164.
4.6.4.2. Segiteri ya Rugenge
Muri Segiteri ya Rugenge hateguwe gahunda ishushanya ikinamico ryo gushyingura Fred
Rwigema nk’ikimenyetso cy’uko inzirabwoba zitsinze urugamba. Inzego zose ari iza Leta, ibigo
byigenga n’amashuri byahawe amabwiriza ajyanye n’icyo gikorwa baranagishishikarizwa. Icyo
163
164
Ubuhamya bwatanzwe n’uwari muri urwo rugendo rwakozwe mu mpera z’Ukwakira 1990.
Ikiganiro na Rutayisire Masengo Gilbert, Rugenge kuwa 10 Ukwakira 2018
96
gikorwa cyaranzwe n’iterabwoba ku miryango y’Abatutsi aho Konseye na ba Resiponsabure
bavugaga ko utitabira uwo muhango baza kumufata nk’umwanzi w’igihugu.
Abaturage ba Rugenge n’abanyeshuri b’ishuri ribanza ry’Umuryango Mutagatifu babanje gutema
ibihuru mu mpande z’ishuri. Banyuze ku biro bya Segiteri bahetse imitumba baririmba, bajya
kuyishyingura ahitwa “Kinamba ya Kabiri” munsi y’ikiraro ku muhanda uturuka mu Kanogo
ugana Nyabugogo. Wabonaga abaturage n’abayobozi ari abasivile, abasirikare n’abajandarume
bishimye cyane bavuga ko bahambye umwanzi. Ku Kinamba ni ho babyiniye indirimbo za
gisirikare birangiye abantu barataha 165.
4.6.4.3. Segiteri ya Muhima
Urupfu rwa Fred Rwigema rwakiriwe nk’ikimenyetso simusiga cy’uko inzirabwoba zatsinze
intambara. Konseye Euphrasie Kamatamu yatumyeho abaturage abinyujije kuri ba Resiponsabule
kuza mu gikorwa cyo gushyikira ingabo. Icyari giteganyijwe cyari umuhango wo guhamba
Rwigema. Abaturage hafi ya bose bahuriye ku biro bya Segiteri bitwaje imitumba iri ku
mitambiko berekeza ku muhanda wa Kinamba bajya kuyijugunya mu mugezi wa Nyabugogo.
Icyo gihe bagendaga baririmba indirimbo ifite igitero kivuga ngo “Ngabo z’u Rwanda dukomere
inyangarwanda twazikubise inshuro zifuza icyazizanye…”. Mu gutaha, abari bayoboye icyo
gikorwa n’abaturage bamwe na bamwe bajya gukomeza kwishima banywa inzoga. Abatutsi muri
icyo gihe bagize ubwoba kuko bari batangiye kwitwa inzoka, inyenzi n’andi bityo batangira
kugenda bikandagira. Bamwe mubayoboye icyo gikorwa cyo gushyingura Rwigema, harimo
responsabule wa Serire ya Kabasengerezi, Mukandutiye Angélina wari umuyobozi w’ishuri rya
Sainte Famille kuko ni we wari urangaje imbere abarimu n’abanyeshuri ba Sainte Famille.
Nyirabagenzi Odetta wari konseye, Munyampama Zéphirin, Bigirabagabo Jean Marie Vianney
wakoraga muri SONARWA n’abandi166.
4.6.4.4. ya Biryogo
Inkuru y’uko Rwigema atakiriho imaze gusakara kuri radiyo hatangiye kunyura indirimbo ya
gisirikare yavugaga ko inzirabwoba zivuganye Rwigema shefu w’inyenzi. Kuva icyo gihe
165
166
Idem
Ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Charles Kabanda, Muhima, 15 Ukwakira 2018
97
abahanzi benshi berekeje inganzo yabo kubibera ku rugamba batangira guhimba ndirimbo ziha
imbaraga inzirabwoba ku rugamba ariko zishimangira ububi bw’Inkotanyi bashaka kuvuga
Abatutsi. Haciyemo iminsi itari mike m gihugu hose haririmbwa indiririmbo zivuga ko
inzirabwoba zatsinze urugamba hanategurwa igikorwa cyo gushyingura Fred Rwigema kugira
ngo bereke Abanyarwanda ko intambara yarangiye. Abahutu batangije imvugo ivuga ngo
“ak’Abatutsi kashobotse”. Iyo mvugo yarakomeje no mu gihe cya Jenoside. Hahise hategurwa
mu gihugu cyose ikinamico rishushanya ishyingurwa rya Fred Rwigema nk’ikimenyetso
simusiga ko intambara irangiye kandi abayishoje batsinzwe.
Muri Segiteri ya Biryogo, icyo gikorwa cyayobowe na Karakezi Amuri, Kalingene Kalisiti wari
umunyamabanga wa Karekezi kuri segiteri, Iriniga Sudi, Karimunda Djafar wari nyumba kumi
n’abapolisi bakoreraga kuri segiteri. Imbaga y’abaturage yahurijwe ahakoreraga Colichimie 167
mu Kanogo. Ku gicamunsi, bahaguruka berekeza mu Rugunga bahetse imitumba n’ibyapa
byanditseho amagambo atandukanye. Bakomeza umuhanda unyura hagati ya Lycée de Kigali na
CSK, bakomereza muri Rwampara bagera ahitwa kuri “Mirongo ine”. Urugendo rwakomereje i
Nyamirambo, bakatira kuri Station ya ERP bafata umuhanda wa Kivugiza berekeza ku irimbi ryo
mu Rugarama ari na ho umuhango wo guhamba Rwigema warangiriyeikinamico. Bahavuye baje
kuri Stade barabyina karahava bishimye ko intambara bayitsinze. Bavuye muri iryo kinamico
uwitwa Karingene Kalisiti yabwiye abantu ati: “ubu turajya gukarabira mu kabare k’umututsi!”.
Bageze mu Biryogo bahise bajya muri bare y’Umututsi witwaga Cyabakanga bahageze banywa
inzoga, barabyina karahava barangije bahava batamwishyuye. Nyuma y’uwo muhango Abatutsi
b’aho mu Biryogo babonaga ko bitoroshye kuba mu gihugu. Ibintu byahise byigaragaza kuko
bavugaga ko umwanzi ari nta wundi ari umututsi168.
4.6.4.5. Segiteri ya Nyamirambo
Inkuru y’urupfu rwa Fred Rwigema imaze kumenyekana, ubuyobozi bwa Segiteri ya
Nyamirambo kimwe n’ahandi mu gihugu, bwateguye gahunda yo gushyigikira Inzirabwoba mu
ikinamico ryo gushyingura Rwigema. Uyu muhango wayobowe n’uwari Konseye wa Segiteri ya
Nyamirambo Froduard Munyaneza afatanije n’abaresiponsabure ba za Serire. Aba bayobozi nibo
167
168
Ni aho bita Ku mazi
Ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Rutayisire Eugène, Biryogo, kuwa 20 Ukwakira 2018
98
bashishikarije iamashuri yose kwitabira iyo gahunda, amasomo arasubikwa. Abanyeshuri bo mu
Rugarama bahagurukiye ku ishuri bikoreye imitumba baza kuyijugunya mu irimbi, bahavuye
bajya ku Kivugiza ku kibuga cy’umupira bahahurira n’abandi banyeshuri bari kumwe
n’abaturage ba Kivugiza na Gatare. Abanyeshuri n’abaturage bo ku Mumena bamanukanye
imitumba bajya kuyijunya mu Rwampara gahunda bayikomereza ku kibuga cyo ku Mumena.
Byari byateguwe banaririmba indirimbo zo gushyigikira Inzirabwoba, ariko cyane cyane
bacyurira Abatutsi ko akabo gashobotse169.
4.6.4.6. Segiteri ya Nyakabanda
Umuhango wo gushyingura Rwigema wabaye mu rwego rwiswe gushyigikira ingabo z’u Rwanda
ku rugamba. Mu Nyakabanda icyo gikorwa cyobowe na Ruyombyangoro wari konseye w’iyo
segiteri muri icyo gihe. Abaturage ba Rwezamenyo barimo n’abanyeshuri n’abarimu b’ikigo
cy’amashuri abanza yo ku Ntwari bahuriye n’abaturage, abaserire na ba resiponsabure ba serire
Munanira zombi kuri “Tapis Rouge”. Hari abari bafashe amashuka bafunika imitumba
barayikorera bamanuka umuhanda ugana Nyabugogo bambuka hakurya ku mugezi wa Mpazi ari
naho bajugunye iyo mitumba bavuga ko bashyinguye Rwigema. Bahindukiye bagiye kwifatanya
n’abaturage ba Nyamirambo ku kibuga cy’imikino cya Kigali. Mu nzira bagaruka bagendaga
baririmba indirimbo za gisirikare bari barigishijwe, bagashyiramo amagambo y’agashinyaguro ku
wapfuye. Ubwo ni ko bagendaga bakubita abantu batari baje muri ibyo birori byabo.
Abaturage ba Segiteri ya Nyakabanda hafi ya bose bagiye muri uwo muhango abenshi babitewe
n’ubwoba, abandi babijyamo kuko byafatwaga nk’umwera uturutse ibukuru. Bageze ku kibuga
cy’imikino cya Nyamirambo bamaze guhura n’abaturutse i Nyamirambo ariko bo umuhango bari
bawukoreye mu irimbi rya Kabeza barabyinnye karahava, bavuga ko Gashakabuhake
bamutsinsuye kandi ko urugamba barutsinze. Indirimbo ziririmba ubutwari bw’inzirabwoba ni zo
zahimbaje ibyo ngirwa birori. Usibye abaturage b’izo segiteri, hari hateraniye kandi abanyeshuri
bo mu bigo by’amashuri atandukanye yari muri izo segiteri170.
169
170
Ikiganiro na Rugundana Vedaste warokotse Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, Nyamirambo kuwa 20 Nzeri 201816
Ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Mugema Olivier, Nyakabanda, kuwa 20 Gashyantare 2019
99
4.6.4.7. Segiteri ya Kimisagara
Muri Segiteri ya Kimisagara, ikinamico ryo gushyingura Fred Rwigema ryakozwe tariki 5
Ugushyingo 1990, ubuyobozi butegeka abaturage bose kucyitabira. Ikindi n’uko muri Segiteri ya
Kimisagara hari igitugu gikomeye cyaterwaga na Konseye w’iyo segiteri Karushara Rose
bakundaga kwita “Inyamaswa-ngore”. We na ba resiponsabure be bazengurutse Segiteri yose
bategeka abaturage kwitabira. Karushara n’abamufashaga babishyizemo iterabwoba bavuga ko
utaza gushyingura afatwa nk’umwanzi w’igihugu. Nguko uko abanyarwanda benshi babigiyemo,
yewe n’abari basobanukiwe ikibyihishe inyuma bitabiriye uwo muhango kugirango baramuke.
Abaturage ba Kamuhoza, Katabaro, Ntaraga na Kimisagara bafatanije n’abanyeshuri bo mu
mashuri yo muri Kimisagara bahagurukiye ahari ibiro bya Segiteri bamanuka Kimisagara bagana
Nyabugogo bakomeza bagana ku mugezi wa Nyabugogo mbere y’uko ugera ku isoko rya
Kiruhura. Imitumba bari bikoreye bayijugunya mu mugezi wa Nyabugogo. Icyo gihe bafashe
imitumba bayambika amashuka hanyuma barikorera bagenda baririmba indirimbo za gisirikare
zari zimaze iminsi zihimbwe. Imihanda yari yuzuye icyo gihe. Bagenda bavuga amagambo atuka
nyakwigendera! Igikorwa cyari kiyobowe na Karushara Rose, Resiponsabure Kavumbutse
Yoramu, Muberuka Adiriyani, Karoli Burumbuke, abapolisi bo kuri Segiteri ndetse n’abari
baturutse kuri Komini ya Nyarugenge. Ibyo birangiye abaturage bose bagarutse kuri Segiteri
barabyina karahava bishimira ko bavuye gushyingura Fred Rwigema 171.
4.6.4.8. Segiteri ya Cyahafi
Muri Segiteri ya Cyahafi abaturage bitabiriye icyo gikorwa ari benshi nkuko cyari cyateguwe
naKonseye Rwanda Christophe n’abaresiponsabure n’amaserire ya Kora, Gakinjiro, Kakirinda na
Kanyanza. Abaturage bahagurukiye mu Gakinjiro hafi y’ahahoze Café Nectar bitwaje imitumba
berekeza i Nyamirambo ku kibuga cya “Tapis Rouge” bayobowe na Rwanda Christophe wari
konseye waje gukurwaho n’amatora. Bahageze bafatanyije na segiteri ya Nyamirambo na
Nyakabanda muri cyo gikorwa cyitwaga icyo gushyingura Rwigema 172.
171
172
Ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Mudacyahwa Emmanuel, Kimisagara, Nzeri 2018
Ubuhamya bwa Mparabanyi Faustin, Gitega, Mutarama 2019
100
4.6.4.9. Segiteri ya Gitega
Abari ku isonga muri icyo gikorwa harimo Konseye wa Gitega Mbonyimana Stanislas Alias
“Pépé” afatanyije na Rukeza wayoboraga Serire Kinyange, Ntawiha François wari umucamanza
akaba akaba yari aumwe mu bari bagize komite ya serire ya Gacyamo. Bategetse abaturage bose
n’amashuri abanza yo ku Gitega kwitabira iyo gahunda ndetse bagenda baririmba indirimbo bari
bari barigishijwe mu rwego rwo kwizihiza urupfu rwa Fred Rwigema. Umututsi utitabiriye iyo
gahunda yafashwe nk’umwanzi aratotezwa173.
4.6.4.10. Segiteri ya Kanyinya
Bimaze kumenyekana ko Fred Rwigema yapfuye, ku ishuri rya Kanyinya, abana bose
bigishwijwe indirimbo yo kuzaririmba igihe bazaba bagiye mu ikinamico ryo gushyingura Fred
Rwigema, bakaba barayiririmbaga buri munsi mu rwego rwo kwitegura. Mu barimu bayigishije
harimo Mudadari Justin wari umuyobozi w’ishuri na bagenzi be. Bamwe mu Batutsi bari
basobanukiwe bakimara kumva ko Fred Gisa Rwigema yishwe bacitse intege. Imvugo y’uko
Abatutsi bihishe mu bahutu yarakomeje; Abahutu batangira gucyurira Abatutsi iby’urupfu rwa
Fred Rwigema, yewe n’abatari bazi iyo bigana. Abahutu barishimye cyane bavuga ngo “Aka
Batutsi kashobotse”.
Muri Serire ya Kanyinya Gashumba Andereya ni we washishikarije abaturage gahunda yo
gushyingura Fred Rwigema. Uwari Resiponsabure wa Taba witwaga Tanganyikan’abandi nka
Butuyu, Nyabunyoro Benjamini wabyinaga mu itorero “Irindiro” rya Bikindi, Vedaste alias
Gikongoro, umupolisi witwaga Kamuhanda na Burugumesitiri wa Komini Shyorongi Hitimana
Alexandre mwene Sebastiani wari umaze gusimbura Kaneza Andereya.
Urwo rugendo rwo kujya mu ikinamico ryo gushyingura Fred Rwigema rwahagurukiye i
Kanyinya ku mashuri berekeza i Nyamweru babyina, bagaruka aho ku ishuri i Kanyinya, maze
iyo mitumba bayishyingura munsi y’ishuri. Uwari uyoboye abanyeshuri n’abarezi yari Mudadari
Justin n’abarimu bitwa Védaste alias Gikongoro, Alivera umugore wa Gikongoro nibo bari
barangaje imbere abo banyeshuri n’abarimu. Bamwe mu banyeshuri bari babikazemo cyane
twavuga Ndayambaje mwene Sentibagwe waje kujya mu mutwe w’abacengezi ubu akaba
173
Ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Gatsimbanyi Félicien, Gitega, Mutarama 2019
101
yaratashye, Albert mwene Birigamba, Ntibitura Bonaventure n’abandi. Uwo munsi ntiwari
uw’abarezi n’abanyeshuri gusa kuko abaturage bose ba Kanyinya baturutse mu maserire yose
bitabiriye iryo kinamico bari kumwe na ba resiponsabure babo na Konseye Gashumba
Andereya174.
4.6.4.11. Segiteri ya Nzove
Gushyingura Rwigema muri Segiteri Nzove byarakozwe kandi byitabirwa n’abaturage benshi,
ibigo by’amashuri n’ubuyobozi. Konseye Karangwa Alexandre na ba Resiponsabure b’amaserire
nibo bari babiyoboye. Kubera ko mu Nzove ari iwabo wa Habimana Bonaventure bitaga
Muvoma, umwuka wo kwanga Abatutsi wari ukabije kuba mubi. Icyo gihe bikoreje abaturage
imitumba. Konseye Karangwa yakoresheje urugendo maze agenda asoma amagambo yari
yanditse ku rupapuro avugira mu ndangururamajwi avuga ko Gashakabuhake bamwivuganye
kandi ko ingabo z’u Rwanda zikomeje gushaka umwanzi aho ari hose175. Icyo gihe abaturage
bose bahagurukiye ku biro bya Segiteri ya Nzove bakomeza umuhanda ugaruka ahitwa Nyabihu
mu cyerekezo cy’iwabo wa Habimana Boaventure wari Umunyamabanga Mukuru wa MRND.
4.6.6. Ikinamico ryo gushyingura Fred Gisa Rwigema muri Komini ya Butamwa
Abaturage b’i Butamwa bakimara kubimenya ku dusozi hafi ya twose abantu baraye bavuza
induru n’amadebe176. Igihe abasirikare ba Habyarimana bari babonye agahenge mu mpera
z’Ugushyingo 1990, gahunda yo gushyingura Rwigema ni bwo yateguwe maze inashyirwa mu
bikorwa muri Komini ya Butamwa. Ba konseye na ba resiponsabure n’abayobozi b’ibigo
by’amashuri ni bo bashinzwe icyo gikorwa maze babishishikariza abaturage. Bashyizemo
iterabwoba babwira abaturage ko utaza muri iyo gahunda bamufata nk’inyangarwanda.
Muri Komini ya Butamwa umuhango wabereye muri Segiteri ariko gahunda bayirangiriza ku
kibuga cy’umupira kiri ku mashuri abanza ya Butamwa. Kuri icyo kibuga cyahuriweho
n’abaturage ba Segiteri ya Butamwa, Rwesero na Rugarama n’ibigo by’amashuri byari muri izo
segiteri. Hari Ruberangondo Stanislas, ba Konseye Kangavera Xaveri, Iyakaremye Athanase,
174
Ubuhamya bwa Muhawenimana Denyse, Kanyinya, kuwa 12 Ukuboza 2018
Ayo magambo yavuzwe na Konseye Karangwa Alexandre bitaga Matene igihe cy’urugendo bise gushyingura
Rwigema mu rwego rwo gushyigikira ingabo zari ku rugamba.
176
Ubuhamya bwatanzwe n’umuturage wa Mageragere warokotse Jenoside, kuya 15 Ugushyingo 2018.
175
102
Dusabe Theresa wayoboraga ikigo nderabuzima cya Butamwa, abayobozi b’ibigo by’amashuri,
abarimu n’abanyeshuri babo. Hari kandi Musabende Alphonse wari konseye wa Nyarubande,
Kanyandekwe wari umaze gusimbura Gatare wategekaga Segiteri ya Rwesero, Bakinahe
wakoreshaga “Animation” abakozi ba Komini ya Butamwa akaba ari na we wari
umushyushyarugamba icyo gihe. Indirimbo zaririmbwe icyo gihe zaterwaga na we bityo
akongeramo amagambo y’urukozasoni mu ndangururamajwi yari yitwaje 177.
Muri Segiteri ya Kigali yayoborwaga na Ubarijoro Jean Damascene 178 wahoze ari umupolisi wa
Komini ya Butamwa yafatanyije na Setiba Joseph n’abaresiponsabure kuyobora icyo gikorwa.
Abaturage bitabiriye ari benshi bayobowe na ba resiponsabure babo, abarezi n’abanyeshuri
b’ikigo cya Karama bayobowe n’umuyobozi w’ikigo baje kwifatanya n’ingabo z’igihugu
kwishima kubera ko zatsinze umwanzi. Abitabiriye bari bitwaje imitumba y’insina bagenda
baririmba kandi bishimye bayijugunya mu mugezi wa Nyabugogo. Mu nzira bagendaga
baririmba indirimbo za gisirikare zakundaga guhita kuri Radiyo Rwanda zirata ubutwari
bw’Inzirabwoba. Barangije uwo muhango bakomereje ku biro bya Segiteri ya Kigali bacinya
umudiho biratinda babwira abaturage ko batakomeza kwirara ahubwo bafata ingamba zo
kwirindira umutekano 179.
4.6.7. Imyitwarire y’abayobozi n’abaturage mu gihe cy’amashyaka menshi
Muri Nyakanga 1990 Perezida Juvénal Habyarimana, yashyizeho komisiyo yagomba kuvugurura
poritiki yayoboraga igihugu. Muri Kamena 1991 itegekonshinga ryemeye amashyaka menshi
gukora poritiki. Ku mashyaka agera ku icumi, ane niyo yaje afite imbaraga kandi atavuga rumwe
n’ubutegetsi bwa Habyarimana ari yo MDR, PSD, PL na PDC180. Kuva ayo mashyaka yaduka
yishyize hamwe atangira kurwanya ishyaka rya MRND ubundi yaro yihariye ubuyobozi. Mu
1992 nibwo Perezida Habyarimana yemeye gushyikirana n’ayo mashyaka. Ntibyatinze havuka
ishyaka rya CDR ryavugaga ko rirengera rubanda Nyamwinshi. CDR yaje gufatanya na MRND
177
Ubuhamya bwatangiwe i Mageragere, Mutarama 2019.
Ubarijoro Jean Damascene na Kangavera Xaveri bahoze ari abapolisi nyuma baza kugirwa abakonseye bikozwe
na Burugumestre Ruberangondo Stanislas, Ubarijoro Jean Damascene asimbura Twagirimana Simoni , Kangavera
Xaveri nawe asimbura Nkurikiyimfura Augustini bari baratowe n’abaturage mu matora y’abakonseye yabaye
mujyihugu hose kuya 26 Mutarama 1990.
179
Hitimana Pio warokotse Jenoside akaba ari muri bamwe bitabiriye ikinamico ryitiriwe iryo gushingura Gen Fred
Rwigema, Mwendo kuya 14 Ukwakira 2018
180
Alison Des Forges (1999), Rwanda. Aucun Temoin ne doit survivre, Paris, Edition Karthala, pp.
178
103
biba amashyaka yanga ikitwa umututsi. CDR mu nama zayo yavugaga ko u Rwanda
ruzazamurwa n’amazuru y’abana barwo. Muri Mata 1992 nibwo amashyaka atavuga rumwe
n’ubutegetsi bwa Habyarimana yinjiye muri guverinoma 181. Ibika bikurikira birereka iyo
myitwarire muri segiteri zose yaje kwibumbira mu karere ka Nyarugenge.
4.6.7.1. Segiteri ya Nyarugenge
Segiteri ya Nyarugenge yari ifite umwihariko kuko amashyaka hafi ya yose ni ho yari yarahisemo
gushyira ibyicaro byayo. Muri Gicurasi 1992, Interahamwe za MRND ziyobowe n’uwitwa
Cyabingo afatanyije na Kirenge zishe abasore babiri bo mu ishyaka rya MDR zikoreshe
udushoka imbere y’inzu bitaga SOFERWA ya Havugimana Emmanuel alias Nyirarucyaba182.
Muri iyo minsi kandi umusore wakoreraga mu mujyi i Nyarugenge witwaga Rwema Wilflred
wari utuye i Gikondo akaba yari n’umuyoboke w’ishyaka PL yakubiswe bikomeye n’abapolisi ba
Komini ya Nyarugenge baramuvunagura abwirwa ko Leta atari iya PL. Kuya 28 na 29 Gicurasi
1993, Interahamwe n’Impuzamugambi zashyamiranye n’urubyiruko rwa PL abantu batanu
bahasiga ubuzima bwabo. Itangazo ryanyuze kuri Radiyo Rwanda rihamagara Interahamwe zose
kuza mu rugendo rwari rwateguwe rwo kwamagana urubyiruko rw’ishyaka PL ruhohotera
Interahamwe. Uwo munsi Interahamwe zabujije amaduka gufungura, zitwara ibendera rya PL
ryari riri ku kicaro gikuru cyayo mu nzu yitwaga SORWACI ya Mugenzi Yustini wari Perezida
wa PL mu rwego rw’igihugu, bamenaguye ibirahuri by’amazu harimo n’inzu ya Karamira yari
icumbikiye Ishyaka MDR, amamodoka n’abantu barakomereka cyane183. Interahamwe zigera
kuri magana atandatu zivuye i Nyarugenge zirangajwe na Nahimana Ferdinand zakomereje
urugomo ku ngoro ya Minisitiri w’Intebe ku Kimihurura184. Abakombozi ba PSD n’Inkuba za
MDR zatabaye urubyiruko rwa PL maze bafunga imihanda yagombaga kunyuramo zivuye ku
ngoro y’ibiro bya Minisitiri w’Intebe.
Kuya 29 Gicurasi 1992 imyigaragambyo yarakomeje ariko ihindura isura kuko icyo gihe
yayobowe n’abashoferi ba tagisi bo mu ishyirahamwe rya ATRACO babitewe n’uko
imyigaragambyo yari yaraye ibaye yari yayobowe na Ingabire Alphonse alias Katumba na
181
Des Forge & al. (1999) Aucun Temoin ne doit survivre, Paris, Edition Karthala (p.68)
Ubuhamya bwatanzwe n’umuturage wakoreraga i Nyarugenge, Kicukiro, Mutarama 2019.
183
Ubuhamya bwatanzwe n’umuturage wahoze ari umuyoboke w’Ishyaka PL, Nyarugenge, Ugushyingo 2018.
184
Ikinyamakuru KangukaCyasohotse kuya 3 Kamena 1992.
182
104
mugenzi we Mutombo. Muri iyo myigaragambyo yari yaraye ibaye hakubiswe abashoferi
b’Abatutsi n’abakonvoyeri babo Katumba na Mutombo baje kwigamba ko umwe yishe babiri
undi akica batatu185. Abashoferi icyo basabaga ubuyobozi cyangwa inzego zibishinzwe
zakurikirana abo bicanyi. Iyo myigaragambyo yari yafunze imihanda yose yo muri Nyarugenge
ihereye kuri Rond Point. Yarangiye nka saa sita z’amanywa ihitana umuntu umwe. Nyuma
inzego zibishinzwe zafashe Katumba zimusanze aho yari yihishe muri Segiteri ya Biryogo na ho
Mutombo zimusanga i Kanombe aho abasirikare bari bamuhishe.
4.6.7.2. Segiteri ya Rugenge
Muri Segiteri ya Rugenge, imyitwarire y’Abayobozi ishingiye ku mashyaka babarizwamo yagize
uruhare mu guhembera urwango ku batutsi. Angélina Mukandutiye, Odette Nyirabagenzi wari
umaze gusimbura Konseye Karangwa, responsabure Rubanda Narcisse, responsabure Odette wo
kwa Rugangura n’uwo bitaga Nyagasambu bahuriraga mu kabare kari hafi ya Segiteri bitaga kwa
Gikongoro. Muri izo nama kandi hazagamo uwitwa Mutabazi wari mu ishyaka rya CDR akaba
n’umuganga mu ivuriro rya BCR, Muvunyi wari Impuzamugambi ya CDR wari ushinzwe
ibikorwa by’umuganda muri MINIJUST. Ahandi ni kwa Rwabuhungu Jérôme, kwa Angélina
Mukandutiye, kwa Konseye Odette Nyirabagenzi, kwa Anaclet wakoraga muri Régie y’ibibuga
by’indege. Kwa Gisagara Andereya wakoraga muri Ministeri y’Ubwikorezi n’Itumanaho
(MINITRANSCO) akanatanga ikiganiro cy’ibijyanye n’indege kuri Radiyo Rwanda, izaberaga
kwa Mutabazi iruhande rw’agasoko ka Rugenge, kwa Depite Seyoboka n’ahandi. Henshi muri
izo ngo ni ho hatahuwe amalisti y’Abatutsi bishwe muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi186.
4.6.7.3. Segiteri ya Muhima
Igihe cy’inkubiri y’amashyaka nacyo nticyahiriye Abatutsi bari batuye Segiteri ya Muhima.
Abatutsi benshi bari batuye muri Segiteri ya Muhima banze kuyoboka MRND. Batangiye
gutotezwa bamwe bakora uko bashoboye ngo berekane ko bayirimo ndetse ugasanga umuntu
umwe afite amakarita nk’atatu kugira ngo agire amahoro. Ingaruka zo gushyamirana hagati
y’abayoboke b’amashyaka byatumye imiryango y’Abatutsi isenyerwa ndetse imiryango imwe
185
Ubuhamya bwatanzwe n’uwari umushoferi muri ATRACO ubu akaba ari mu zabukuru i Mageragere, Ukuboza
2018.
186
Ubuhamya bwa Rutayisire Masengo Gilbert, uwarokokeye muri Rugenge, Rugenge kuwa 10 Ukwakira 2018
105
n’imwe yakunze kwibasirwa igakurwa mu byayo n’Interahamwe zifatanije n’impuzamugambi za
CDR. Abatutsi bakorewe urugomo aho wasangaga baterwa ibyuma bazira ko ari Abatutsi. Hari
bamwe mu Batutsikazi umutangabuhamya atashatse kuvuga izina wafashwe ku ngufu. Kimwe
n’abandi yabuze uwo aregera kuko abakoraga ibyo babaga bashyigikiwe bikomeye n’inzego
z’ubutabera n’iz’ubuyobozi.
Abatutsi bo muri segiteri ya Muhima bishwe muri izo mvururu z’amashyaka harimo uwitwa
Nzungize François na Eulade Ngabonziza wishwe atemeshejwe agashoka n’Interahamwe. Mu
babigizemo uruhare hari Resiponsabule wa Kabasengerezi Athanase bitaga Gakondo wari ufite
akabare bitaga kuri “Demokarasi”, Resiponsabule wa Kabakene witwaga Bajeneza akaba yari
murumuna wa Mugenzi Justin wari Minisitiri w’uUbucuruzi na Perezida wa PL Power 187.
4.6.7.4. Segiteri ya Biryogo
Amashyaka yari akomeye muri Segiteri ya Biryogo ni MRND na CDR yayoborwaga na
Katumba. Hari kandi andi mashyaka nka PSD PDI, PL n’andi ariko ntiyari afite imbaraga nkayo.
Kuva inkubiri y’amashyaka itangira umutekano wabaye muke muri Segiteri ndetse n’urugomo
ruriyongera hagati y’abashyigikiye amashyaka atavuga rumwe. Interahamwe za MRND
zifatanyaga n’Impuzamugambi za CDR zigahohotera andi mashyaka. Kuva aho Ishyaka CDR
rikoreye mitingi ya mbere ku kibuga i Nyamirambo kuya 20 Mata 1992 abayobozi baryo bamaze
ubwoba abarwanashyaka baryo ku kwimakaza urwango n’ivanguramoko. Kuya 14 Gashyantare
1993 hishwe abantu batanu barimo Mwangange Justine wakomokaga i Byumba, Bugirimfura
n’uwo biteguranaga kurushinga, Mukantwari na Mukabahinde wakomokaga i Gisovu ku Kibuye.
Hishwe kandi muri iyo minsi Songoro Ismael wari umwarimu. Katumba wari Perezida
w’Impuzamugambi afatanyije na Simbizi Stanislas wari umwanditsi mu kinyamakuru Kangura
akaba n’umwe mu bayobozi bakuru b’ishyaka CDR na we wari utuye mu Biryogo yafatanyaga
na Katumba mu guhohotera Abatutsi muri Segiteri ya Biryogo ndetse n’ahandi. Ingabire
Alphonse witwaga Katumba amaze kuraswa hishwe umugabo w’Umututsi wakoraga mu
Isanduku y’Ukuzigama y’u Rwanda witwaga Maurice aciwe umutwe. Kuva icyo gihe Abatutsi
187
Ikiganiro na Gafaranga Omar, Uwarokotse Jenoside Biryogo kuwa 12 Ukwakira 2018.
106
benshi bahungiye i Nyamirambo mu Ishuri ryitiriwe Mutagatifu Andereya no mu kigo
cy’Abafureri b’Abayozefiti188.
4.6.7.5. Segiteri ya Nyamirambo
Kuva amashyaka atangira i Nyamirambo hakunze kubera ibintu by’urugomo rukorewe Abatutsi
ukabona ko hari agatsiko k’abantu babiziranyeho kubera ko ntawigeze abihanirwa. Muri Mata
1994, Interahamwe zageraga hose aho Abatutsi babaga bari haba mu nzu zabo ndetse
zabakurikiranaga n’aho babaga bagiye gushaka ubuhungiro ari na ho hagiye habera ubwicanyi
ndengakamere.
Hari imiryango yari yaramenyekanye ko abana babo bagiye mu Nkotanyi. Umwaduko
w’amashyaka menshi waherekejwe na rwaserera yatumaga abasirikari n’urubyiruko rwari
rwarotojwe
gisirikare
bitwikira
ako
kaduruvayo
bagatoteza
iyo
miryango
ndetse
bakanayimenesha. Urugero ruri hafi niimiryango ibiri; uw’umusaza Kayigi n’uwa Stefano. Iyi
miryango yarahizwe kugera imeneshejwe. Ibyo byarakomeje bigera aho Interahamwe
n’Impuzamugambi zijya zifungira Abatutsi amayira zibabuza kujya mu kazi, guhaha cyangwa
mu bindi bikorwa bibateza imbere189.
Inkubiri y’amashyaka yaherekejwe na none n’ubushyamirane hagati y’amashyaka bwaterwaga no
kurwanira abayoboke. N’ubwo inkubiri y’amashyaka yatangiye François Karera atakiri
Burugumesitiri wa Komini ya Nyarugenge bitewe n’ivugurura ryabayeho muri 1990 akagirwa
Superefe wa Superefegitura ya Kanazi, yakomeje kuba umukangurambaga wa MRND muri
Segiteri ya Nyamirambo aho yari atuye. Ubukangurambga yabukoraga abifashijwemo na
Mwamini Nyirandegeya wari ufite akabari ku Kivugiza aho gucengeza amatwara ya MRND
n’urwango ku Abatutsi byakorerwaga. Yabwiraga Abahutu ati: “nimuhumuke mwitandukanye
n’Abatutsi barashaka kubamara”. Muri ako kabari ka Mwamini ni ho François Karera yari
yarashyize igitabo cyo kwandikamo abarwanashyaka ba MRND ndetse n’amakarita y’ishyaka
akaba ari ho atangirwa. Buri mugoroba yagombaga kuhanyura kureba abiyandikishije. Amaze
kubona ko Abatutsi batitabiriye gahunda yo kwiyandikisha byaramurakaje ni ko kubwira
Mwamini Nyirandegeya ko Abatutsi badashaka kuba muri MRND ahubwo bibera muri PL
ishyaka rikorana n’Inkotanyi, akaba ari ikimenyetso simusiga ko ari ibyitso!
188
189
Benshi mu bari bahahungiye Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ni ho yabasanze, bicirwa aho harokoka mbarwa.
Ubuhamya twahawe muri Mutarama 2019 n’uwarokotse Jenoside mu Rugarama, umurenge wa Nyamirambo.
107
Urugomo rw’abarwanashyaka rwajyanaga n’ishingwa n’imitwe y’insoresore yitwara gisirikare.
Iyi mitwe yabanje guhabwa imyitozo ya gisirikare mu kigo cya gisirikare i Gabiro. Mu ntangiriro
y’umwaka wa 1994 bigaragara ko hari ahandi bitorezaga muri Komini ya Nyarugenge nko kuri
Sitade i Nyamirambo. Bigishwaga na Commandant Twagirayezu Alphonse afatanije na
Bamparijeho Léonard na Senguri Eugène. Barangije imyitozo bahawe imyenda n’ingofero
y’Interahamwe n’ibindi bikoresho bya gisirikare nka gerenade n’udushoka duto dukwikiye mu
mihini migufi. Bahoraga bagenda aho MRND yagiye muri mitingi cyangwa kubohoza
abarwanashyaka.
Abasore bo muri segiteri ya Nyamirambo bazwi bakoze iyo myitozo barimo Martini n’umugore
we Espérance, Gakuba Anastase, abana batatu bo kwa Nyandwi barimo umukobwa we witwa
Nyirarudodo Chantal wagendaga yiziritse kuri bisi, Mukankuranga Annonciata, Rukara,
Gasamake, Maurice, Ndahimana, Buregeya wo kwa Karegeya, Rukabukira Michel, Ndahimana
Isaac, Kizito n’abandi benshi. Aba bakaba baragize uruhare rukomeye mu kwica Abatutsi muri
Serire ya Gatare190.
4.6.7.6. Segiteri ya Nyakabanda
Umwaduko
w’amashyaka
menshi
waranzwe
n’ibikorwa
byinshi
birimo
kwiyereka
kw’amashyaka n’inama hirya no hino. Habayeho kandi kwigisha urubyiruko rwa’amashyaka.
Imyitozo y’Interahamwe, urubyiruko rwa MRND rwarayitabiriye cyane. Mu 1993 nibwo
imyitozo y’Interahamwe yamenyekanye. Muri Serire ya Rwezamenyo Interahamwe zakundaga
guhurira ku kibuga cy’umupira ahubatse “Union Hope”. Batozwaga n’Interahamwe yitwa
Sukari. Iyo babaga bamaze gutorezwa muri Nyakabanda bakomerezaga ku musozi wa Jali, i
Gabiro, n’ahandi.
Iyo myitozo itangira hari abantu bayigiyemo rugikubita. Iyo bagarukaga babaga bagarutse babaga
barahindutse, haba mu myambarire cyangwa se mu myitwarire. Babaga bambaye imyenda
y’ibitenge bisa n’ingofero. Babaga bambaye imigozi y’abakomando banatwaye inkota ku
matako. Umutangabuhamya Mukakimenyi Spéciose arashimangira ibyo yiboneye agira ati:
“Uwitwa Nyirimanzi Geregori yari umwana w’umuturanyi wanjye. Kubera ubushobozi bucye
ababyeyi be bari bafite umwana naramubasabye murerana n’abanjye. Uyu Nyirimanzi Geregori
190
Ubuhamya twahawe n’ufungiye icyaha cya Jenoside muri gereza ya Mageragere
108
ni we wahise aba umuyobozi w’Interahamwe muri Segiteri ya Nyakabanda”191. Hari abandi
bagiye gukurikirana ayo mahugurwa barimo abitwa Mugemanyi Augustin, Kaboneye, Semutwa
Vianney, umugabo wari umureseriviste bitaga Premier (Sergent) 192, Bideri wavaga indimwe na
Nyirimanzi Geregori, Mbundu waje guhunga ubutabera ubu akaba aba muri Kenya, Karambizi
alias «Bisupu» watorotse Gacaca n’abandi benshi.
Aba tuvuze haruguru ni bo bitabiraga imyigaragambyo yaberaga hirya no hino ndetse
bakagaragara mu bikorwa by’ubugizi bwa nabi. Bavuye muri iyo myitozo umutekano wabaye
muke hano muri Segiteri ya Nyakabanda kuko bamwe muri bo bajyaga batega Abatutsi
bakababuza amahoro. Ikindi kandi ni uko gutega ibisasu hirya no hino cyane cyane muri gare no
mu tubare byiyongereye.
Ku itariki ya 5 Ukwakira 1993 saa moya hafi n’igice za nimugoroba kuri Hotel Baob haturikiye
igisasu cyari cyatezwe muri Bingalo. Cyahitanye abantu babiri undi umwe ararokoka.
Uwarokotse aravuga uko byagenze: “Twari tuvuye kureba umupira wa Rayon Sports n’ikipe y’i
Burundi ndi kumwe n’abasore babiri twari duturanye aribo Rutamu Louis na Musabane
Innocent. Dutashye tunyura kuir hotel Baobab ngo turebe kuri televiziyo y’u Rwanda uko
Habyarimana ahemba ikipe ya Rayons Sports tunaganira. Tugeze muri Baobab hari akazu ka
bingalo twakundaga kwicaramo duhitamo kuba ariho tujya ariko ntitwamenya ko itezemo
igisasu. Umwanya twinjiyemo tutaricara igisasu cyahise kituzamura Musabane Innocent ahita
apfa, Rutamu Louis wari wakomeretse cyane nanjye batwihutana kwa muganga. Rutamu Louis
wari urembye cyane umukoresha we yahisemo kujya kumuvuriza mu gihugu cya Ethiopia,
bamwuriza indege ariko bageze i Bujumbura babona ko arembye cyane maze indege imusiga i
Bujumbura ngo abe ari ho yivuriza, ariko ntibyatinze kuko yahise yitaba Imana. Nakomeje
kurwarira muri CHUK mpamara igihe kirekire, nibuka ko Inkotanyi zaje nkiri mu bitaro.
Ntarakira neza naje gutaha mba mu rugo ariko abantu bansura bakambwira amakuru bumvaga
hanze ko kiriya gisasu ngo ahubwo ari njyewe wagiteze”193.
Mu ijoro ryo kuwa gatandatu tariki ya 10 rishyira iya 11 Ukwakira 1992, muri Serire ya
Munanira abaturage baraye ku nkeke kubera igitero cyari cyateguwe n’Interahamwe cyo kwica
191
Ubuhamya bwa Mukakimenyi Spéciose, Rwezamenyo kuwa 25 Mutarama 2019.
Uyu yari afite abana bafite imbunda.
193
Ubuhamya twahawe na Rugero Paulin, Nyakabanda, kuya 10 Gashyantare 2019.
192
109
Abatutsi n’abandi bo mu mashyaka ya PSD. MDR na PL. Cyaburijwemo na Resiponsabure wa
Munanira Bizimana Karoli wabimenyesheje Konseye Kandekwe Emmanuel na we agahuruza
abajandarume bo kuri Burigade ya Nyamirambo. Icyo gitero cyari kirangajwe imbere na
Mbarushimana Jean na Sixbert bakoraga muri ONAPO, Damiyani wakoraga muri
TRANSINTRA abafatanyije na Félix wakoraga muri PETRORWANDA na Liyetona Fidèle
Museruka. Urutonde rw’abagombaga kwicwa rwari rurerure ariko rwariho John wari ufite
akabare n’abanyweragamo, Gasarabwe Gérard wo mu ishyaka PL, Muligande Octove, n’abandi.
Mu minsi yabanjirije iki gitero cyaburijwemo hatoraguwe tract yari yarakwirakwijwe
n’Interahamwe yitwa Sukari wari ushinzwe animasiyo muri SONARWA afatanyije na Népo
wakoraga muri ONAPO yikomaga imiryango imwe n’imwe y’Abatutsi n’abo mu mashyaka ya
MDR, PL na PSD. Icyakurikiye iyo tract n’urugomo no guhohotera Abatutsi byashimangirwaga
n’amagerenade yahoraga aterwa aho mu Nyakabanda.
Interahamwe zakomeje imyitozo yazo n’igihe zari zaravuye mu mahugurwa. Ku kibuga
cy’imikino i Nyamirambo. Wasangaga hari Interahamwe zihatorezwa, zigerageza gushyira mu
bikorwa bimwe mubyo zize194. Wabonaga uwitoza afashe icyuma cyangwa ikindi gikoresho
agasa nk’aho agikubita umuntu nk’uko bigenda mu mikino ya karate iyo umuntu akora ibyo bita
«Kata». Abahatorezwaga ni ababaga batumiwe hirya no hino mu Mujyi wa Kigali, cyane cyane
ababaga baturutse muri Komini ya Nyarugenge n’iya Butamwa. Ahandi hazwi ko haberaga
imyitozo y’Interahamwe muri Segiteri ya Nyakabanda ni aho bita muri «Kariyeri» haherereye
muri segiteri ya Nyamirambo. Hahurizwaga abasore n’abakobwa baturutse muri Segiteri ya
Nyakabanda na Nyamirambo nabwo bakigishwa gukoresha intwaro gakondo, imbunda na za
gerenade. Muri iyo myitozo bigishwaga n’abasirikare cyangwa ababaga batagikora imirimo ya
gisirikare ku buryo buzwi195.
4.6.7.7. Segiteri ya Kimisagara
Igihe amashyaka menshi yemerwaga mu Rwanda, abaturage ba Kimisagara baarabyishimiye
cyane bavuga ko babonye aho bazajya bacisha ibitekerezo byabo bya poritike bitewe nuko nta
muntu washoboraga kuvuga kubera igitugu cya Karushara Rose wari umuyoboke w’imena wa
MRND. Usibye MRND yari isanzweho hakurikiyeho ishyaka rya MDR ryari riyobowe na
194
195
Babaga bafite bya bikoresho byabo nk’inkota, nta mpongano y’umwanzi,
Abo bitaga reservistes, abasirikare babaga batakiri mu kazi ni bo bari abarimu muri iyo myitozo.
110
Sebahire Vincent na PSD yari ikuriwe na Sebabirigi Jonathan muri Segiteri ya Kimisagara. Aya
mashyaka yakunze kugaragaza ubufatanye dore ko muri Segiteri ya Kimisagara amabendera
y’ayo mashyaka yari ateganye. Mu mpera za Kanama mu wa 1992 ni bwo ibendera ry’ishyaka
CDR ryazamuwe bwa mbere muri Kimisagara ahitwa ku “kazu k’amazi”. Nyuma bidatinze
amshyaka yaje gucibwamo ibice haduka imvugo ivuga ngo “Turashaka kunga Abahutu”,
Abahutu ntibagomba kuryana, mbere y’uko Umuhutu amenya ko umututsi ari ikiremwamuntu
agomba kumenya umuhutu mugenzi we ko ari ikiremwa-muntu n’ibindi. Icyakurikiyeho ni ivuka
ry’amashyaka y’abahezanguni azwi ku kazina ka “Power” muri MDR, PL, PSD. Yaje kwifatanya
na CDR batangira kwigisha irondakoko, ashaka ko Abahutu n’Abatutsi basubiranamo kandi ayo
mashyaka ashingwa wayasangagamo amoko yose.
Icyo gihe cy’amashyaka cyabereye ingorane abaturage bo ku Kimisagara by’umwihariko
Abatutsi n’abandi bari mu mashyaka atavugaga rumwe na MRND na CDR. Karushara yari afite
abantu bamurinda bafite imbunda. Imyigaragambyo itangiye, habaga imvururu zikomeye
amaduka n’amasoko bigafunga. Aho batafunze insoresore z’ayo mashyaka ziraraga mu maduka
zigasahura bene yo nyuma zikajya kubigabana.
Muri Gashyantare 1994 Interahamwe n’Impuzamugambi zo ku Kimisagara, ubwo Inkotanyi
zazaga gushaka amazi mu Kigo cya ELECTROGAZ kiri ku Kimisagara, zakoreye urugomo
Inkotanyi. Interahamwe n’Impuzamugambi barimo abitwa Akimana Lambert wo kwa Yonatasi,
abahungu ba Simba Manu na Nsekerabanzi, Adrien n’abahungu be, Muhingabo, Mugenzi wo
kwa Karushara n’abandi bari baturutse mu Gatsata na Muhima, bakimara kubona imodoka
z’Inkotanyi zigiye kuvoma, zamanutse i Nyabugogo zishyira bariyeri mu muhanda kugira ngo
zibuze Inkotanyi gutambuka. Iyo bariyeri yari yashyizwe mu ihuriro ry’imihanda uva mu Gatsata
n’uturuka Kinamba uzwi nka “Poids Lourds”. Inkotanyi zibibonye gutyo zururutse imodoka ziza
buke buke n’amaguru, zikura bya biti mu muhanda zikomeza urugendo maze Impuzamugambi
n’Interahamwe zisigara zimyiza imoso196. Icyo gihe nticyaranzwe gusa n’urugomo, kwambura,
gusenya cyangwa se gutwikira Abatutsi, cyarimo kandi kwikiza abo badashaka cyane abo mu
bwoko bw’Abatutsi.
196
Ubuhamya bwatanzwe n’umuturage utuye muri Segiteri ya Kimisagara, Mutarama 2019.
111
Mu ntangiriro za 1991 Konseye Karushara yatungiye agatoki abasirikare abasore babiri
b’umugabo wavukaga ku Kibuye w’Umututsi witwa Njyamubiri avuga ko ari Inkotanyi, abo
basore baricwa. Muri icyo gihe kandi Karushara yatse ibya ngombwa byose by’umubiri umugabo
witwaga Rusingizandekwe Callixte arangije amutungira agatoki yicwa n’abasirikare bamushinja
kuba Inyenzi. Bitumwe na Karushara Rose, umugore w’Umututsikazi witwaga Mujawamariya
Cathérine wari umuforomokazi yiciwe iwe mu rugo atewe gerenade.
Mu kabare k’uwitwa Binego Ibrahimu kari gaherereye ahubatswe igorofa izwi ku izina rya «Chez
Manu» i Nyabugogo, Mazembe umuhungu wa Simba yishe umuhungu w’Umututsi witwa
Mbabazi wari umudozi. Icyo gihe, Mazembe yiyenjeje kuri Mbabazi, amusohora arangije
amwicaza munsi y’igiti cy’umuvumu cyari gihari. Mbabazi amaze kubona ko Mazembe
n’agatsiko ke bagamije kumugirira nabi, yarirutse na bo baramwirukankana bamufata atarambuka
umuhanda i Nyabugogo amutera icyuma mu nda amara arasohoka. Arimo gusamba, batabaje
mukuru we Ruzindana wari utuye mu Gatsata, bamwihutana kwa muganga CHK ariko amahirwe
make bamugejejeyo amaze gupfa. Icyuma cyishe Mbabazi cyatanzwe na Binego kandi igitangaje
uwo wamwishe bitaga Mazembe kubera ko yari mu Nterahamwe zikomeye zidakorwaho, mu
gitondo yagarutse ku iseta gukarata ntawigeze amukurikirana ngo aryozwe umuntu yaraye yishe.
Icyo gihe nubwo Jenoside yari itaratangira kwica Umututsi ntacyo byari bitwaye kuko nta
buyobozi bwigeze bukurikirana iyo nterahamwe ngo buyiryoze iyo nzira karengane 197.
Urundi rugero rw’urugomo rwakorewe Abatutsi muri ibyo bihe by’amashyaka menshi muri
Segiteri ya Kimisagara ni ubwicanyi bwakomeje gukorwa ntihabe inkurikizi ngo abicanyi
bahanwe. Muwa 1992 Karushara n’umukobwa we Mukakayibanda wari uzwi ku izina rya
“Mukaperezida” bishe umusore wari utuye mu Cyahafi witwaga Hategekimana Pascal. Uyu
Pascal uko yahuraga na Mukakayibanda yabwiraga Pascal ngo n’imbwa y’Umututsi. Uyu Pascal
amaze guhaga ibitutsi by’uwo mukobwa yamureze kuri musaza we witwa Mugenzi. Mugenzi
yabwiye Pascal ngo azamukubite. Mugenzi yaje kubivuga mu rugo iwabo kwa Karushara maze
Mukakayibanda na nyina nibwo bateguye umugambi wo kwica Pascal. Karushara yohereje
abantu iwe nijoro baramwica barangije bamuhambiriza imigozi bashyira ku ngorofani umurambo
we bawujyana hafi ya “Maison des Jeunes”. Umukozi wa Karushara ni we wamutwaye ku
197
Ikiganiro na Nyiringondo Epaphrodite, uwarokotse Jenoside muri Segiteri ya Muhima, tariki ya 16Ukwakira
2018.
112
ngorofani. Inkuru umaze kumenyekana Karushara n’umukobwa we Mukakayibanda barafashwe
barafungwa ibyumweru bibiri bishize barabarekura.
4.6.7.8. Segiteri ya Cyahafi
Muri Segiteri ya Cyahafi abayoboke b’amshyaka baranzwe n’urugomo cyane cyane hagati
y’amashyaka yari yarishyize hamwe kugirango arwanye ishyaka MRND ryari ku butegetsi. Muri
Serire y’Akakirinda hari amabendera abiri y’amashyaka atandukanye mu rugo rumwe rw’uwitwa
Uwimana Vianney na Uwizeyimana Domitile. Bombi bari abakozi ba Leta umugabo aba muri
MDR na ho umugore aba muri CDR. Icyo gihe kandi, cyaranzwe n’iterabwoba ry’abayoboke ba
MRND na CDR bakoreraga Abatutsi. Muri bo hari uwitwa Bazamanza Marcel wari umukozi wa
Minisisteri y’Imari, Hategekimana Jean Damascène alias Rufunga, Rwanamiza Ananiya
wakoraga muri MAGERWA, Twagiramungu Théoneste wari umushoferi w’imodoka ya MRND.
Uyu Rwanamiza Ananiya mwene Nzeyi na Nyirakabanza wavukiye Nyabihu, mu nkiko Gacaca
yashinjwe gutoteza Abatutsi mbere ya Jenoside,
urupfu rwa Biziyaremye Emmanuel
n’ubufatanyacyaha mu kwica Abatutsi benshi. Ibyo byaha byaramuhamye kui ya 25 Mutarama
2009, akatirwa gufungwa imyaka mirongo itatu (30) 198.
Igihe cyarageze kuri Segiteri ya Cyahafi hatangira kubera imyitozo isa n’iya gisirikare
yahuriragamo abasore bo mu Cyahafi. Konseye Michel Havugimana wari umaze gusimbura
Rwanda Christophe afatanije na Rwubusisi, Mbungo François, Ndayambaje mu guha inyigisho
abo basore barimo Ndayambaje mwene Verediyana, Adolphe wo kwa mama Gentille,
Cyakurukuru umuhungu wa Twagirayezu, Friend wo kwa Rugambage, Ngamije wo kwa Magare,
Kajabo, Thomas n’abandi. Hashize ibyumweru bibiri haje imodoka irabatwara ntibongeye
kwitoreza aho kuri Segiteri.
Igihe cy’amashyaka menshi kandi cyaranzwe n’urugomo ndetse rwaganishaga kw’iyicwa
ry’Abatutsi kuko abenshi bari baranze kuyoboka amashyaka ya MRND na CDR. Umusore
witwaga Temeri wari umututsi ukomoka i Nyanza yishwe nyuma y’imyigaragambyo yari
yabereye i Nyabugogo yari igamije kubohoza abarwanashyaka. Uyu Temeri yari atuye haruguru
ya Segiteri ya Cyahafi hafi n’Agakinjiro. Imyigaragambyo yaberaga i Nyabugogo yari yarangiye
noneho ni mugoroba haza kuba imirwano imbere ya Segiteri ya Cyahafi. Interahamwe yari ifite
198
Urukiko Gacaca rw’Ubujurire rwa Cyahafi, Nyarugenge, 2009
113
icyuma bafunguza ipine maze iragifata ikimukubita mu mutwe ahita apfa. Umurambo we waraye
aho bukeye bene wabo baza kuhamukura bajya kumushyingura. Nta buyobozi bwigeze butabara
ndetse n’inzego z’umutekano ntizigeze zikurikirana abo bagizi ba nabi 199.
4.6.7.9. Segiteri ya Gitega
Amashyaka menshi atangira yasanze MRND ariyo iriho, maze MDR, PL, PSD n’andi biravuka.
Mu ntangiriro, ayo mashyaka yose yarwanyaga MRND kuko baryitaga ishyaka ry’igitugu. Muri
Segiteri ya Gitega, Abaserire bafatanyije na Bernard wari umukozi wa BACAR na Ndutiye
batangiye kwandika abatari muri MRND bababwira ko bazahura n’akaga. Nibwo abantu bize
ubwenge bwo gutunga amakarita menshi, umuntu agahera ku ikarita ya MRND agafata n’indi
y’ishyaka arimo by’ukuri. Uyu Bernard ntiyahwemaga kuvuga ko abatari muri MRND
bashyigikiye Inyenzi kandi ko bazahura n’akaga gakomeye. Za mitingi zitangiye MDR, PL na
PSD zishyize hamwe zirwanya MRND n’Interahamwe zayo. Ako kaga kagaragaye ubwo
Ndadaye wari Perezida w’igihugu cy’u Burundi yicwaga. Icyo gihe abantu batari bake barishwe,
abandi barafungwa. Abantu benshi ntibaraye mu ngo zabo kuko Interahamwe n’impuzamugambi
zateye ingo nyinshi z’Abatutsi zitwaje urupfu rwa Ndadaye.
Mu ntangiriro ya 1994 ubwo Katumba wari Perezida w’impuzamugambi yari amaze gupfa,
Interahamwe n’impuzamugambi zahereye kumugabo wari utuye mu Biryogo witwaga Maurice
wari ufite umugore w’umunyamerika zimuca umutwe. Ubwicanyi bwarakomeje batera ingo
z’Abatutsi, abantu bahungira hirya no hino. Zigeze muri Segiteri ya Gitega bakubise abantu
barabakomeretsa abandi bahungira mu miryango yakure.
Kuya 18 Gicurasi 1993, Gapyisi Emmanuel, umukwe wa Kayibanda, akaba na none
umunyamabanga mukuru muri Minisiteri y’Imirimo Rusange (MINITRAP) akaba yari
umurwanashyaka w’imena w’ishyaka rya MDR ryari ryarazengereje MRND, iri shyaka
ryamwivuganye. Urupfu rwe rwarakaje urubyiruko rwa MDR rwari rwibumbiye mu cyitwa
“JMDR” muri Segiteri ya Gitega. Aba JMDR bateye ingo z’Abatutsi barazimenesha, benshi
barasuhuka. Agahenge kagarutse, bagarutse mu ngo zabo bafite ubwoba basanga barasenyewe
199
Ikiganiro twagiranye na Uwingabe Julienne wakotse Jenoside, tariki ya 18 Ukwakira 2018.
114
amazu baranasahurwa200. Icyo gihe rwose nta muntu wari ufite umutima muzima abantu benshi
bari barabaye ibikange.
Hari mitingi ya PL yabereye i Nyamirambo iyobowe na Mugenzi Justin. Icyo gihe hajemo
abayobozi n’abayoboke b’andi mashyaka MRND, PSD na MDR. Mugenzi yafashe ingofero ya
PL ayijugunya hasi yambara iya MRND asezera ishyaka rya PL abantu barumirwa. Kuva icyo
gihe nibwo hatangiye icyo bise «Hutu Power». Uwo munsi Abautsi benshi barakubiswe cyane201.
4.6.7.10. Segiteri ya Kanyinya
Igihe cy’amashyaka menshi cyafashije abagome gukomeza imigambi mibisha yo kurimbura
Abatutsi. Urugomo rw’ababaga bari mu mashyaka rwatangiriye ku isoko ryaremeraga kuri
“Poterie”. Umunsi umwe Interahamwe yitwa Hitayezu mwene Mugema na bagenzi be bafashe
uwitwa Gaspard wo kwa Karoli bamutemagurira mu isoko asigara aho ari intere. Abari baremye
isoko bagize ubwoba isoko riraremura. Kuri uwo munsi kandi Karekezi Pascal umuturage w’ i
Kanyinya yatewe icyuma mu mutwe n’abasore bo mu ishyaka rya MDR202. Muri iyo minsi kandi
urugomo no gusahura imitungo, kurya inka z’Abatutsi n’ibindi bigayitse ntibyigeze bihagarara.
Kuya 4 Kanama 1992, Interahamwe zatwitse ibisheke bya Ngirabacu Jean wari umukozi wa
MINIFIN akaba na Perezida wa MDR muri Komini ya Shyorongi n’ibya Nzanywayimana
Anthère. Izo Nterahamwe zakubise kandi Muganze wari uhagarariye ishyaka MDR muri Segiteri
ya Kanyinya, Rufangura se wa Kayitare wahoze ari Burugumesitiri wa Shyorongi, Uwamungu
Yohani, Gafaranga Desiré na Kalisa babazizako ari abayoboke ba PL. Hakubiswe kandi Mugabo
na Marara na bo bari abayoboke ba PL.
Kuya 9 Nzeri 1992, haburijwe mitingi ya MDR yagomba kubera i Kanyinya. Igitero
cy’Interahamwe cyarikomye imbere cyari kiyobowe na Candali afatanyije na Turatsinze. Kuwa
17 Ukwakira 1992, Candali, Turatsinze na bagenzi babo bongeye kuburizamo mitingi ya MDR
yagombaga kubera i Rutonde. Bamaze kuyiburizamo baje ku Giticyinyoni basahura Farumasi
y’umugabo utaravugaga rumwe na MRND. Bamze kumva ijambo Habyarimana yavugiye kuri
Sitade mu Ruhengeri avuga ko azamanuka we n’Interahamwe, Interahamwe zahuriye kwa
200
Ikiganiro na Mparabanyi Faustin warokotse Jenoside, Gitega kuwa 15 Mutarama 2019.
Ubuhamya twahawe Gatsimbanyi Felicien warokotse Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri Segiteri ya Gitega kuya
15 Mutarama 2019.
202
JDR ni Urubyiruko rw’ishyaka MDR
201
115
Karekezi Michel na Habimana Bonaventure bitaga Muvoma bahafatira umugambi wo kwica
Karasira Paul nyamara wari umuyoboke wa MRND bamuziza ko ari Umututsi.
Mu kwakira 1992 Interahamwe zateye urugo rw’uwitwa Aloys William zihatwara ibintu byinshi
ndetse zisiga zinamusenyeye, bituma we n’umuryango we bahungira i Kigali. Umuryango wa
Segikwiye na wo Interahamwe zarawuteye bityo biwuviramo guhunga. Ku ishuri ribanza rya
Kanyinya, umwarimu witwa Gasigwa Vedaste alias Gikongoro afatanije na Mudadari Justin
nawe wari umaze kuva ku buyobozi bw’iryo shuri bayoboye imyigaragambyo y’abarezi
n’abanyeshuri yo kwanga Kanamugire Faustin wari warahawe kuyobora icyo kigo cy’amashuri
kuko yari Umututsi. Abo bagabo bombi bakomeje ibyo bikorwa by’iterabwoba ndetse bageza aho
bandikira Kanamugire Faustin ko nidahunga i Kanyinya abantu batazabona umurambo we.
Bytumye Kanamugire Faustin ateshwa akazi ahungira i Kigali.
Kuya 17 Ukuboza 1992 MRND yakoranije Interahamwe ziturutse muri Segiteri ya Gatenga,
Kicukiro, Remera bajya gusenya, gutwika no gusahura urugo rwa Ngirabacu Perezida wa MDR i
Shyorongi. Icyo gihe haguye abantu babiri. Izo Nterahamwe zakomereje umugambi wazo kwa
Gasamagera Gabriel bamusenyera inzu n’imodohka ye ya Peugeot 505 barayibaga batwara
ibyuma byayo. Igitero cyashenye kikanasahura kwa Gasamagera cyari kiyobowe na
Ngirabatware washatse umukobwa wa Depite Mbonabaryi. Ngirabatware yari afashijwe
n’uwitwa Zikanga Paul na Ngerageze Alphonse. Ibyasahuwe kwa Gasamagera byapakiwe
n’imodoka ya Ngerageze yari ifite icyapa BB 1025. Muri icyo gitero kandi harimo Interahamwe
zo muri Shyorongi zirimo Candali, Turatsinze, Karekezi Michel bita Senkoko, Gafarasi
Emmanuel, Bizimana François, mwishywa wa Habimana Bonaventure, Habimana Desiré
mubyara wa Habimana Bonaventure, Kabishyanzira Pierre, Ugirakirengera Grégoire na
Sibomana Laurent.
Muri ibi bikorwa bibi byakorwaga n’abayoboke b’amashyaka byitabiriwe n’abasore bigeze
gukurwa mu ishuri ribanza rya Kanyinya bajya kwigishwa imyitozo ya gisirikare mu rwego rwo
gutegura ubwicanyi203. Abajyanywe muri iyo myitozo ni Harorimana Jean Félix mwene
Kamayogi, Ntibitura Bonaventure mwene Kamuhanda, Mudenge mwene Ngendahayo n’abandi.
Aba basore kandi mu gihe cya Jenoside babaga bitwaje imbunda, amashoka, ubuhiri cyane cyane
203
Ikiganiro na Muhawenimana Denise i Kanyinya kuya 15 Ukwakira 2019.
116
kuri za bariyeri no mu gitero cyaje kwica abari bahungiye kwa Mukarumanzi. Muri iki gihe kandi
Interahamwe yitwa Muhawenimana Cléophas na bagenzi be bataburuye imva y’umugore wa
Gasamagera witwaga Urujeni Marciana bitwaje ko muri iyo mva harimo amasasu, bacuza
umurambo w’uwo nyakwigendera 204.
4.6.7.11. Segiteri ya Nzove
Muri Segiteri ya Nzove amashyaka menshi atangira yasanze ishyaka rya MRND rifite imbaraga
kubera ko havukaga Habimana Bonaventure wabaye Umunyamabanga mukuru wa MRND kuva
igishingwa kugera mu 1991. Andi mashyaka yahavugwaga ariko atarigeze ashinga imizi
n’ishyaka MDR na PSD ndetse na CDR yaje kuhagera mu mpera z’umwaka wa 1992.
Amabendera yayo yahoraga arandurwa ndetse akanatwikwa n’abarwanashyaka ba MRND. Icyo
gihe n’ubwo yavugwaga ntiyigeze abona ubwisanzure. Ntibyari gushoboka kwigaragaza cyane
kubera ko abantu benshi bibonaga muri Habimana Bonaventure, bitaga “Muvoma 205”.
Urubyiruko rwo muri Segiteri ya Nzove rwakundaga Habimana Bonaventure cyane kandi
rukamufata nk’umubyeyi wabo. Habimana Bonaventure yari yarabubakiye inzu y’imyidagaduro
ari naho bakoreraga animasiyo na mbere y’uko igihugu kinjira muri poritiki y’amashyaka
menshi.
Igihe cy’amashyaka menshi gitangiye benshi muri urwo rubyiruko nibo binjiye mu mutwe
w’Interahamwe ku ikubitiro. Urubyiruko rwo muri Segiteri ya Nzove rwagiye rwitabazwa ari
muri Komini ya Shyorongi cyangwa ahandi muri za mitingi cyangwa mu myigaragambyo
rukimara kuva mu myitozo y’Interahamwe. Jenoside itangira urubyiruko rwo mu Nzove
rwagaragaye mu bwicanyi bwakorwaga mu gice cya Nduga cyane cyane mu komini ya Taba na
Komini ya Runda. Habimana Bonaventure hari bamwe muri urwo rubyiruko yagiye agororera
kugira ngo bayoboke nta kwitangira.
Ingaruka z’amashyaka menshi zabaye nyinshi ku Batutsi bari batuye muri Segiteri ya Nzove.
Hari imiryango itari mike yatotejwe cyane ndetse iranameneshwa, bityo imitungo yabo
irasahurwa, inka ziraribwa bikozwe n’Interahamwe zari zirangajwe imbere n’abayobozi ba
MRND barimo Karegeya Stanisilasi, Karekezi Michel, Karangwa Alexandre alias Matene wari
204
Ikiganiro na Nsanzamahoro Budagisi i Kanyinya kuya 15 Ukwakira 2019.
Interahamwe yitwa Candali mwene Gahondogo yubakiwe inzu yo kubamo muri Segiteri Nzove ngo akunde abe
umuyoboke. Uyu Candali yaramamaye mu kuyobora ibitero no kwica Abatutsi.
205
117
Konseye. Uyu Karegeya Stanisilasi yigeze gukubita Gafurumba Desiré amuziza ko ari Umututsi,.
Icyo gihe nibwo imiryango myinshi y’Abatutsi bari bifashije n’indi y’abari bajijutse
yameneshejwe, imitungo yabo yigabizwa n’izo Nterahamwe, inka zabo ziraribwa ndetse icyo
gihe hatwitswe imodoka y’umugabo witwaga Gasamagera Gabliel. Imiryango yameneshejwe ni
umuryango wa Gafurumba Desiré, umuryango wa Habimana Joseph, umuryango wa Nzeyimana,
umuryango wa Marara Sebastian, umuryango wa Ngirabacu Jean Baptiste, umuryango wa
Claver, umuryango wa Ntage n’umuryango wa Gasamagera Gabriel.
Interahamwe zo muri Segiteri ya Nzove bavugaga ko zidasanzwe kubera imyitwarire yazo. Mu
wa 1992, amashyaka yatangiye gukoresha za mitingi hirya no hino mu gihugu. Icyo gihe muri
Segiteri ya Nzove, amabisi n’izindi modoka zazaga gutwara Interahamwe ngo zijye gushyigikira
ahabaye mitingi cyangwa imyigaragambyo. Ibyo byabaye kandi kuri mitingi ya mbere ya MRND
yabereye i Nyamirambo ku kibuga cy’imikino iyobowe na Ngirumpatse Matayo wayoboraga
MRND icyo gihe muri Pererefegitura y’Umujyi wa Kigali. Interahamwe zo mu Nzove zahuriye i
Nyabugogo n’izari zivuye ahandi, zikora urugendo zifata umuhamda wa Kadafi zerekeza i
Nyamirambo ahaberaga mitingi ya MRND.
Ku itariki ya 28 Gashyantare 1992, Interahamwe yitwa Turatsinze yanyuze muri Segiteri ya
Nzove, Rutonde, Rwahi, Bitanda na Muhondo abwira agira inama bagenzi be bafatanya
bakamensha Ngirabacu wakoraga, Gasamagera na Magorane muri Komini ya Shyorongi. Tariki
ya 28 Nyakanga 1992 Interahamwe n’Impuzamugambi zateraniye ku Giticyinyoni bazinduwe no
kwamagana no gusaba ivanwaho rya Disimas Nsengiyaremye ku mwanya wa Minisitiri w’Intebe.
Bavuye muri iyo myigaragambyo, baje mu Nzove mu rugo rwa Busomo Dismas, Habimana
Charles na Yohani bari mu ishyaka MDR babasaba kuyivamo bakaza muri MRND cyangwa
CDR. Izo Nterahamwe zari ziyobowe na Candali, Rudahunga, Kurimpuzu, Mugabarigira na
Sibomana Laurent.
Kuya 19 Ugushyingo 1992 Interahamwe zirukanye Abatutsi n’abandi babaga mu mashyaka
atavuga rumwe na Habyarimana bagera kuri 500, zirica zinatwika ingo z’Abatutsi. Uwitwa
Magorane Ignace wari umucuruzi akaba yaraje kwicwa muri Jenoside, Interahamwe zateye iwe
zirasahura, zirasenya zibonye zitanyuzwe zimenagura imodoka ye. Burugumesitiri Hitimana
Alexandre wabonaga ashyigikiye urwo rugomo kuko nta cyo yigeze abyamagana cyangwa se ngo
agire uruhare mu kumvikanisha abaturage ba Nzove na Kanyinya ahari higanje ubwo bugizi bwa
118
nabi. Kuya 19 Ukuboza 1992 Minisitiri w’Intebe Nsengiyaremye Dismas yagiye gukoresha
inama yo kugarura umutekano yatabajwe n’abayoboke ba MDR.
4.6.8. Ingaruka z’umwaduko w’amashyaka menshi muri Butamwa
Umwaduko w’amashyaka menshi muri Komini ya Butamwa watumye habaho gushyamirana
hagati y’abayoboke b’amashyaka bituma ndetse amacakubiri hagati y’Abahutu n’Abatutsi
arushaho gufata indi ntera. Amashyaka yagize imbaraga muri Komini ya Butamwa n’irya MRND
yari ishyigikiwe na Burugumestre Ruberangondo, Sebastiani Muhizina n’abakonseye bose.
Ishyaka rya MDR naryo wabonaga rifite abayoboke benshi byagaragaye cyane igihe mitingi
cyangwa imyigaragambyo byari bimaze guhabwa umwanya. Nyuma haje ishyaka rya CDR
riritabirwa cyane rizanywe na Christophe Mutsindashyaka ari nawe wazamuye ibendera ryayo
bwa mbere ku muhanda ugana kwa Bihirabayo afatanyije na Emmanuel Twizeyimana 206. Ku
rwego rwa komini ishyaka CDR ryayoborwaga na Rufifi wari umukozi mu rukiko. Andi
mashyaka Ni PL yari afite abayoboke batari benshi, ndetse bakayanga urunuka bitewe
n’abakonseye n’abaserire bavugaga ko ari ishyaka ry’Abarunari 207.
Muri icyo gihe cy’amashyaka menshi, iyo CDR, MRND na MDR bazaga muri mitingi
bahabwaga ikaze n’urugwiro ukabona abaturage benshi bitabiriye. Inshuro nke ishyaka rya PL
ryakoreye mitingi i Butamwa ku kibuga cy’umupira yitabirwaga n’abantu bake cyane. Ikindi ni
uko iyo abayoboke baryo bataha abaserire n’abakonseye babashyiraga ku nkeke rimwe na rimwe
bakabakubita bavuga ngo ishyaka ryabo ni Runari. Muri icyo gihe kandi i Butamwa hatangiye
intambara yo kubohoza abayoboke, bityo bakava mu ishyaka barimo bakajya murindi ariko
bikozwe kungufu. Mu ntangiriro z’umwaka wa 1992, MDR yaje gukoresha mitingi ku kibuga
cy’ishuri ribanza rya Butamwa. Abayoboke b’ishyaka MDR bambitse abaturage bari bavuye
muri MRND imyambaro n’ingofero zabo ndetse babaha n’amakarita y’ishyaka, ni bwo igikorwa
cyo kubohoza cyagaragaye muri Butamwa bwa mbere 208.
Ikindi gikorwa cyo kubohoza cyagaragaye ubwo CDR yari yakoresheje mitingi ku kibuga
cy’amashuri y’i Butamwa. Kubera ko iryo shyaka ryavugaga ko riharanira inyungu za benshi
aribo Bahutu, Abahutu benshi bamaze gucengerwa n’ibyavugirwaga aho bashubije amakarita
206
Aba bagabo bombi bahamwe n’icyaha cya Jenoside n’ibindi byaha byakorewe inyoko muntu.
Ubuhamya bwatanzwe n’uwari mu ishyaka PL muri Komini ya Butamwa. Ugushyigo 2018.
208
Ubuhamya bwatanzwe n’umuturage uvuka i Butamwa, Mageragere, kuya 12 Ugushyingo 2018.
207
119
y’amashyaka bari barahawe n’andi mashyaka maze binjira gutyo mu ishyaka rya CDR. Muri icyo
gihe cy’ibohoza ry’abayoboke abantu barabyitwaje bakajya bahohotera abandi badahuje ishyaka.
Usibye bariya bagabo bavuzwe haruguru Mutsindashyaka Christophe na Emmanuel
twizeyimana, ishyaka rya CDR ryari rifite abandi bantu barimo uwitwa Rafiki209 wakoraga mu
rukiko, Gasana Stansilas, Mutabaruka Jean Chrisostome n’abandi. Mu matora ya Komini
yakozwe muri 1994, ishyaka rya MRND ryahanganye bikomeye na MDR bitewe n’uko MRND
yarishyigikiye burugumesitiri Ruberangondo wari umuyoboke wayo kuva kera yifuza ko
yakomeza kuyobora Komini ya Butamwa. Nyuma y’amatora, nk’uko byari byitezwe,
Ruberangondo ni we watowe, havuka umwuka mubi bitewe nuko abayoboke ba MDR bateje
induru bavuga ko MRND yibye amajwi. Amatora yasubiwemo, maze MDR yifatanya na PL
hatorwa burugumesitiri Twagirayezu Laurent wari umuyoboke wa MDR yungirijwe na Munana
Théoneste wo mu ishyaka rya PL, Twagirayezu Laurent na Munana Théoneste ntibigeze bagira
imikoranire myiza n’abakozi bayoboraga kuko bari biganjemo abayoboke ba MRND. Ibyo
byatumye Munana Théoneste ananirwa, aza gusimburwa na Muhizina Sebastien wahoze ari
umwarimu mu mashuri abanza n’umurwanashyaka wa MRND. Muhizina Sebastien mwene
Gacondo Fabien na Nyirabashashi, wavukiye mu murenge wa Butamwa mu 1966 yari yungirije
burugumesitiri wa komini ya Butamwa (Assistant bourgmestre) mu gihe cya Jenoside. Yahamwe
n’ibyaha byo gutanga imbunda, urupfu rwa Nkusi, gutangiza umutwe w’Interahamwe no
kuwuyobora muri komini ya Butamwa. Ku itariki ya 24 Nzeri 2009, yakatiwe gufungwa burundu
y’umwihariko210.
Ingaruka z’amashyaka menshi zakunze kugaragazwa n’urugomo ndetse n’impfu zakorerwaga
Abatutsi n’abandi bitwaga ko bakorana na FPR-Inkotanyi. Depite Kabageni Vénantie yibasiwe
n’ibitero byinshi by’Interahamwe n’Impuzamugambi kuva ubwo afashe icyemezo cyo kuva mu
ishyaka rya MRND akayoboka irya PL. Abambari ba MRND barimo Setiba Joseph
n’Interahamwe yari akuriye zaramujujubije ntiyagira amahoro kuko iteka ryose yahoraga
agabwaho ibitero ndetse akanabuzwa kugenda. Kuya 24 Gicurasi 1992 hari habaye mitingi ya
MRND i Nyamirambo, Interahamwe zari zatumiwe zari ziturutse mu mpande zose za Kigali.
Icyo gihe muri Segiteri ya Kigali zahohoteye umugabo witwa Maguruzi ziramuhondagura
209
210
Umukozi wa Cour d’appel.
Urukiko Gacaca rw’ubujurire rw’umurenge wa Gitega, Nyarugenge, 2009
120
zimusiga ari intere. Zafashe kandi undi bitaga Gikongoro ziramuhondagura zirangije zimutwarira
iradiyo. Bukeye bwaho kuya 25 Gicurasi 1992, igitero cy’Interahamwe kiyobowe na Setiba
Joseph cyatangiriye Depite Kabageni Venantie kimubuza gukomeza urugendo ari munzira ataha.
Nyuma izo Nterahamwe zaje kumurekura aragenda ariko zihita zimukurikira, ziririmba ngo
“Venantie tuzamukanda n’Inyenzi n’ibindi”. Na none kuya 11 Nyakanga 1992, Interahamwe
zateye urugo rwa Depite Kabageni Vénantie. Zigeze hafi y’urugo rwe muri Serire Karama
zatangiye gutera amabuye hejuru y’inzu no ku rugi rw’irembo. Depite nibwo yahuruje
abajandarume baza kumutabara bazirukanye.
Mu rwego rwo gukemura icyo kibazo, ku itariki ya 17 Nyakanga 1992, habaye inama iyobowe na
Perefe Kosima Bizimungu, ba Superefe Karera François na Nayinzira Népomuscène,
Mukarushema Dancilla, Burugumesitiri Ruberangondo Stanislas na Konseye wa Kigali Ubarijoro
Jeana Damascene n’uwari uhagarariye Interahamwe muri Serire ya Karama witwaga Niyoyita.
Muri iyo nama Depite Kabageni, yasabye ijambo kugira ngo ageze ku bayobozi ikibazo
cy’ibitero yahoraga agabwaho n’interahamwe. Mu kumusubiza, Setiba yahawe ijambo maze
agira ati: “uwo mugore ni areke kuvuga amahomvu. Niba adashaka amahane azimuke!”. Konseye
Ubarijoro na we yungamo ati: “uwo mugore ni we utera akaduruvayu muri Segiteri yanjye.
Depite Kabageni aherutse kohereza aba JDR na JL ngo baze bigaragambye maze mveho ngo
ntashaka ubutegetsi bw’Abahutu”. Uwari ukuriye Interahamwe muri Serire Karama Depite
Kabageni yari atuyemo witwa Niyoyita we yavuze ko Vénantie adakwiye kwitwa Depite. Nyuma
Superefe Karera François we yaravuze ngo Vénantie ntagashake kwifatira Perefe mushya 211 ngo
ibye birazwi. Urubanza rurangira rutyo Setiba, konseye Ubarijoro na Niyoyita badafatiwe
umwanzuro kandi ari bo bakururaga urugomo.
Kuwa 18 Kamena 1993 umutwe w’abicanyi wa Leta ya Habyarimana bitaga “Escadon de la
Mort” wishe Fureri François Cardinal wari ufite ubwenegihugu bwa kanada. Uyu Padiri Cardinal
yabanaga n’abafureri batutu, abanyarwanda babiri n’undi w’umunyakanada. Muri icyo gihe
cy’imidugararo hagati y’amashyaka, Abatutsi bishwe ni Mashyundu Léonard 212 wishwe mu
Ukuboza 1993. Abamwishe ni Gatete Charles afatanyije na Rufifi, Rubamburindashi, Bigirimana
211
212
Perefe Bizimungu Kosima yari ataramara igihe kinini ayobora Perefegitura ya Kigali.
Uyu mugabo yari yarabaye konseye wa Butamwa mu myaka ya 1980.
121
Issa, Ziherambere Ernest, Mbazumutima Joseph n’abandi. Aba bagabo bavuye muri mitingi213 ya
MRND na CDR banyuze mu kabari ka Marita Musanabera baranywa kugeza ubwo basinda
bikabije. Mashyundu Leonard yanyuze aho ku kabari abo bagabo baramukubita hafi guhwera,
Musanabera Marita yogeza avuga ngo: “bakubite inzoka” barangije bamuta aho barigendera.
Bukeye mu gitondo abaturage bamusanze aho aryamye maze bamujyana ku ivuriro i Butamwa
ariko ntiyahatinda kubera ko yari arembye ahita yoherezwa kuvuzwa mu bitaro bya Kigali
basanga baramumennye impyiko bimuviramo kwitaba Imana y’igihe gito. Abo bagabo baje
gufatwa barafungwa ariko ntibatinze gufungurwa babifashijwemo na Rufifi wari umukozi
w’urukiko. Naho Musanabera Marita we yavugaga ko abo bagabo bazize ubusa babafunga kandi
bakubise inzoka214.
Mu rwego rwo gutegura Jenoside muri Komini ya Butamwa, urubyiruko rwatojwe ibya gisirikari.
Imodoka zatwaraga abasore ariko abantu ntidusobanukirwe ibirimo gukorwa. Gusa igihugu cyari
mu ntambara, bityo bamwe bakibwira ko bagiye kwiga igisirikare bakazajya ku rugamba. Iyo
bagendaga byaragaragaraga kuko bahuriraga ku biro bya Komini. Abatojwe ni benshi cyane ariko
abigaragaje mu bwicanyi ni Mulindahabi mwene Sinzi na Mukaruziga, Niyoyita Martini,
Muvunyi Aloys alias Kabaya mwene Muhigi, Mukarugema Espérance alias Kadasokoza,
Kabutura Xaveri, Bashirubwabo Asteriya umugore wa Murekambanze n’umuhungu wabo
Kayinamura, Mungurakarama Claude, Uwanyiligira Emmanuel alias Mazehe, Bisusa mwene
Mbaraga, Rubamburandashi mwene Bampire; Rutikanga Vincent, Mohamed na Amri bene
Djuma, Yubu Sudi mwene Mashaka na Nyinagashikazi Odette, Karimunda na Rutayisire bene
Gakwisi, Murashi mwene Kirombe, Rudimba mwene bihene, Shakila wa Mama Ndongo na
Demokarasi, Nyarihanga, Sekamana Emmanuel n’abandi 215.
Muri aba bagize uruhare mri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, Bigirimana Issa ari mu baburanishijwe
n’Inkiko Gacaca. Bigirimana Issa ni mwene Bampire Pierre na Singiranumwe Saveline.
Yavukiye mu kagari ka Butamwa, ,umurenge wa Butamwa, muri komini ya Butamwa mu 1966.
By’umwhariko yarezwe urupfu rwa Mashyundu Léonard, Mukakarangwa Edith, kuba mu gitero
214
215
Izina Abahutu bajyaga bita Abatutsi.
Ikiganiro na Murangwa Jean-Damascène warokotse Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, 15 Mutarama 2019.
122
cyishe Ncogoza, Rudasingwa, Kansilida, Habineza, abantu babiri batazwi amazina kuri bariyeri
yo mu kagari ka Butamwa. Yakatiwe burundu kuwa 24 Nzeri 2009 216.
4.7. Inama zo gutegura Jenoside muri segiteri zo muri Nyarugenge
4.7.1. Segiteri ya Rugenge
Jenoside muri Segiteri ya Rugenge yabanjirijwe n’imyitozo yahawe urubyiruko mu rwego rwo
kuzayobora ibitero mu gihe cya Jenoside. Abahawe imyitozo akaba ari Mazimpaka Joseph,
Nkishimana umuhungu wa Gikongoro, Muhire umuhungu wa resiponsabule Rubanda Narcisse,
Munyejabo, Ndamage, Faustin wari ufite akabari kitwaga “Las Vegas”, Mugande umuhungu wa
Mukansoro Verediyana, Muzigira Télesphore, Macumi Alphonse alias Kigomeke, Ntamakemwa,
Biriduka Léonard, Munyakazi Léopold, Kizito n’umuhungu we Kodo, Ubumwe, Bwanakweri
wari umureseriviste wakoraga akazi k’ububaji, Butihara mwene Rwabuhungu, Sadiki mwene
Simba, Fidèle bitaga Castar wayoboraga ibitero mu gihe cya Jenoside ubu akaba aba muri
Malawi, Mugabo wo kwa Shilingi, Abakobwa ba Shilingi bari baratojwe mu nterahamwe,
Nyiramanote, Nyirakigage, Mutabazi217 wari umuganga wa BCR, Nziraguseswa na mukuru we
Emmanuel Muvunyi wakoraga muri MINIJUST, Umukombozi witwaga Mazimpaka mwene
Cyakurukuru, Rongorongo, Bugombo, Noel na Furaha bene Tabaro, Nzisabira Jean Marie
Vianney na mwene se Bagenzi, Nyaritwa, Kanyabikari Jean wari umudozi mu kigo cya gisirikare
i Kanombe, Kagame Innocent, Mukeshabatware Vénuste bitaga Nyagasambu, Tabaro,
Rubingisa218
bitaga
Saruhara,
n’umuvandimwe
we
Gahanga
baba
mu
Bubirigi,
Agahambamazi219, Ngamije wari umuzamu wo kwa Gisagara Andereya waje kuba umuyobozi
w’Interahamwe muri Rugenge, Rugangura Emmanuel n’abandi. Muri aba bagize uruhare mu
gutegura Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi no kuyishyira mu bikorwa mu murenge wa Rugenge
bahamye n’ibyaha bakoze nka Macumi Alphonse. Uyu Macumi yari umukozi wa CaritasRwanda akaba na nyumbakumi. Yarezwe kurema umutwe w’abagizi ba nabi, kwica urubozo
Songero, guharikira itwikwa ry’amazu ya Beata Mukamazimpaka, kwicisha Lwanga Charles
216
Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Butamwa, Nyarugenge, 2009.
217 Uyu ni we wakanguriye Interahamwe zo muri Serire Ubumwe azibwira ko Kimicanga bo batangiye akazi none
bakaba bahugiye mu kwaka amarangamuntu.
218
Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Rugenge, Nyarugenge, 2007
219
Uyu bita Agahambamazi iteka yagendanaga icumu, yishe abantu batagira ingano akoresheje icumu, umuheto
n’imyambi.
123
akoresheje abakozi be, gukoresha iterabwoba ku miryango y’Abatutsi avuga ko ari Inyenzi,
kuyobora ibitero byakuraga Abatutsi muri St Paul ngo bajye kwicwa, ibitero yagabye kwa
Rukundo Damien bikamuviramo urupfu ari kumwe na Nzamwita Narcisse kuwa 24 Mata 1994,
urupfu rwa Bacinoni kuwa 13 Mata 1994. Yahanishijwe burundu y’umwihariko 220. Nzisabira
Jean Marie Vianney wavuzwe haruguru ni mwene Nzisabira François na Mukamudenge Marie.
Yavukiye
mu kagari k’Ubumwe,
mu murenge wa Gitega mu 1965. Mu rukiko
Gacacarw’umurenge wa Rugenge aho yakoreye ibyaha bya Jenoside kurusha ahandi, yarezwe
kwamamara mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu murenge wa Rugenge. Yaburanye adahari , ku itariki ya
30 Gicurasi 2010 ahanishwa igihano cyo gufungwa imyaka (30)221.
Mu bari barahawe intwaro hari umugenzuzi w’akarere k’amashuri ya Nyarugenge Mukandutiye
Angéline, Konseye Nyirabagenzi, Claudette umugore wa Simon Pierre. Aho ni ho kandi
habikwaga n’ibindi bikoresho by’Interahamwe birimo imyenda, intwaro zindi n’ibindi. Mu gihe
cy’imyigaragambyo Nkeshimana na Castar bagendanaga imbunda222.
Uyu Fidèle Castar alias Commando yaburanishijwe n’urukiko Gacaca rw’umurenge wa Rugenge,
Akarere ka Nyarugenge. By’umwihariko yarezwe kwica Gasatsi Baptiste, Mukakalisa,
Budensiyana, Kasengo, Chrisostome bo mu kagari k’ubumwe. Yari mu gitero cyarimo
Nkeshimana, Komando, Bederi, Ngamije, Révériyani n’izindi nterahamwe. Ibyaha yarezwe
byaramuhamye ahanishwa gufungwa imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25). Urubanza rwe
rwasomwe kuwa 24 Ugushyingo 2007 adahari n’ubu ntawe uzi aho ari223.
4.7.2. Segiteri ya Muhima
Inama zo kunoza umugambi wa Jenoside kenshi zaberaga ku biro bya Segiteri ya Muhima.
Ahandi ni ku nzu yakoreragamo ishyaka rya MDR-Parmehutu yariri muri Serire Kabasengerezi,
ku kabare bitaga “Demokarasi”, mu gikari kwa Kabuga, kwa Resiponsabule Athanase, kwa
Bigirabagabo Jean Marie Vianney, kwa Ndakaza Ernest, mu rugo kwa Kabirigi Elisé, kwa
Hategekimana wari resiponsabule wa Nyabugogo no kwa Nsabimana Stanislas bitaga Castar.
220
Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Rugenge, Nyarugenge, 2007
Urukiko Gacacarw’umurenge wa Rugenge, Nyarugenge 2010
222
Amakuru yatanzwe n’itsinda ry’abacitse ku icumu rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi bo muri Segiteri ya Rugenge,
7 Werurwe 2019
223
Urukoko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Rugenge, Nyarugenge, 2007
221
124
Muri izo nama kandi hatumirwagamo abantu batandukanye ariko akenshi ugasangamo ba
resiponsabure ba za serire, ba nyumbakumi, abayobozi b’Interahamwe na CDR na MDR muri
serire, ababaga baravuye mu ngabo, abari baratorewe kuba muri «Comité de Crise». Muri icyo
gihe kandi hari bamwe bari batuye muri Serire ya Kabasengerezi na Kabakene bari baratojwe
kugira ngo bazayobore neza ibitero byaje kwica Abatutsi. Muri bo hari nka Simba bitaga
«Gakondo», Murenzi, Rutaganira Wenceslas, Ruhatana Aloys, Habinshuti Léandre, Kabirigi
Elise, Kalisa mwene Appollinaire, Gakwerere Martin, Rumanura Tharcisse, Callixte bitaga
Murogoro, David Bisangwa bitaga Robino, Hussein bitaga Rongorongo, Habiyaremye mwene
Mudaraza Michel, Ambole Pie, Kajisho, Lamazani, Hussein, Munyurangabo, Bahizi Christophe,
Ntareyishyamba, Saidi, Rutoro Jean Pierre, Ruzindana Eric, Habiyaremye bitaga Byumba, Edith,
Mudaraza Michel, Habiyeze, Mugwiza Théophile wari warabaye umusirikare, n’abandi.
Hari n’abandi bari baratojwe banahabwa imbunda na gerenade ndetse n’izindi ntwaro gakondo.
Muri bo twavuga David Bisangwa, Munyampame Zéphirin, Kabirigi Elisé wakoraga muri
ministere y’ubutegetsi bw’igihugu (MININTER), Nyamaswa Justin, Habinshuti Léandre, Léon
wakoraga muri Minisiteri y’Imari, Ruhatana Aloys, Munyensanga wakoraga muri MINITRAPE,
Simba Athanase, Ikwabu Bosco, Janvier umuhungu wa Mariam, Mujyambere Léonard, uwo
bitaga “Tout Juste”224.
4.7.3. Segiteri ya Nyamirambo
Inama zo kunoza ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside muri Segiteri ya Nyamirambo zaberaga ku
Biro bya Segiteri ya Nyamirambo, kwa Spéciose Mujawayezu wari utuye ku Kivugiza akaba
n’umukozi w’urukiko no kwa François Karera icyo wari Perezida wa MRND muri komini ya
Nyarugenge. Iyo bifuzaga gukora inama zaguye zakorerwaga ahitwa mu kabare ko kwa
Nyirakabonero. Izo nama zitabirwaga n’abantu batandukanye barimo aba bakurikia Madaleine
Kankuyo wahoze ari umukozi muri Minisiteri y’Igenamigambi na Nyumbakumi aho yari atuye
muri Serire Kivugiza. Mbere ya Jenoside no mu gihe yakorwaga, Kankuyo yakoranaga hafi na
Perefe Renzaho Tharcisse ndetse na Karera François mu gutegura no kwicisha Abatutsi bo muri
Serire ya Kivugiza. Ari mu bantu bakoze urutonde rw’Abatutsi bagombaga kwicwa.
224
Ikiganiro na Rugundana Vedaste warokotse Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, Nyamirambo kuwa 20 Nzeri 201816
125
Spéciose Mujawayezu, umugore wa Gaspard Nsabiyumva nawe wari umwanditsi mu rukiko rwa
mbere rw’iremezo rwa Kigali yagize uruhare mu kwitabira inama zategurirwagamo Jenoside.
Yakundaga kujyana n’umugabo we mu bitero byabaga bigiye kwica Abatutsi. Yicishije Abatutsi
benshi ku Kivugiza akoresheje uburyo bwo kuranga aho Abatutsi babaga bihishe.
Undi utakwibagirana mu bikorwa byo kwica Abatutsi muri Segiteri ya Nyamirambo ni Solina
Rwabukombe, umugore wa Onesphore Rwabukombe wahoze ari Burugumesitiri wa Komini
Muvumba. Uyu muryango wagize uruhare mu gutegura no gushyira mu bikorwa iyicwa
ry’Abatutsi bari batuye ku Kivugiza. Umugabo we wari usigaye akorera umushinga w’ubuhinzi
mu gice cy’Umutara yavuye i Murambi indege ya Habyarimana imaze guhanuka. Ageze ku
Kivugiza yasanze ubwicanyi butaratangira, ababwira ko i Murambi barangije akazi, ko bikwiye
ko na Kivugiza yahanagura umwanda. Solina afatanyije na Jeanne Mukamugema bakoze
urutonde rw’Abatutsi bagomba kwicwa muri Serire ya Kivugiza barushyikiriza Interahamwe
zitangira guhiga no kwica Abatutsi. Solina na Suzane wari umucuruzi bicishije umugabo n’abana
b’uwitwa Charlotte ndetse n’umuryango wa Wilson Kayinamura. Uyu Suzane yafatanyije
n’umugore wari umuganga witwa Priscille Nishimwe wagiye arangira Interahamwe aho
abaturanyi be bihishe nyuma zikajya kubica.
Undi ni Joséphine Mukaruhungo wakunze kujya mu nama zateguraga ubwicanyi bakundaga
gukorera kwa Nsengiyumva Gaspard ari naho hakorewe urutonde rw’Abatutsi bagomba kwicwa
ku ikubitiro igihe ubwicanyi bwari butangiye. Muri ako kabari ni ho imigambi yose n’intonde
z’Abatutsi bagomba kwicwa zafatirwaga akaba ari naho biyakiraga iyo babaga bavuye mu
bikorwa bitandukanye byo gutegura ubwicanyi. Bitewe n’uko Rukabukira Michel yakoranaga
bya hafi n’inzego za gisirikare n’Interahamwe ku rwego rw’Umujyi wa Kigali, iyo yabaga
yitabiriye inama abayitabiraga babaga bizeye ko bagiye guhabwa amabwiriza mashya. N’ubwo
yari muri MDR yakoranaga bya hafi cyane na Sezibera na Rwabukwisi waje kugirwa depite, bari
abayoboke b’imena b’ishyaka MRND. Abakunze kwitabira izo nama twavuga nka Karasanyi,
Muhire, Karasira, Munyabagisha, Kalisiti, Mpore, Kamanzi, abo bitaga ingabo iza maroke
(Maroc), abahungu ba Sekaromba, Karonkano, Isaie, Kagabo bitaga Mpigarike, Rukabukira,
Gisongo n’abandi. Aba kandi bahawe imyitozo ya gisirikare. Muri Jenoside inama zakorewe aha
hakurikira:
126
–
Kwa Karera François wari Perefe wa perefegitura ya Kigali Ngari akaba na Perezida wa
MRND muri Komini ya Nyarugenge hakorerwaga inama hakanatangirwa n’imbunda
n’amasasu. Ni na ho hafatiwe icyemezo cyo gushyiraho Kaboyi Germain ngo abe
Konseye wa segiteri ya Nyamirambo asimbura Sezibera Célestin batibonagamo mu
mugambi wabo.
–
Muri Café Junior muri serire ya Nyabitare haberaga inama zihuje abari bagize comité de
crise ziyobowe na Habimana Kassim. Abantu benshi bari bazi ko ari we wabaye konseye
kubera uburyo yakoranaga na Perefe Renzaho Tharcisse.
–
Muri Café Lion muri Cellule ya Nyabitare haberaga inama ziyobowe na Habyarimana
Alias Kigingi wahuzaga Interahamwe zo muri zone ya Nyamirambo. Niho bagabaniraga
ibyo babaga basahuye, bakanahafatira ibiyobyabwenge
–
Kwa Dusabe Fred muri serire ya Nyabitare wari uzwi ku izina rya CDR haberaga inama
z’abo muri Nyamirambo baje kwitoramo Comité de crise yaje gufata icyemezo cyo
kwirukana Alphonse Kanimba ku buyobozi bwa serire muri Mata 1994.
–
Kwa Gombaniro Aloys muri serire ya Akumunigo. Uyu Gombaniro yakoreraga
umuhungu wa Perezida Habyarimana Juvénal muri Kigali Night. Yahuzaga abo muri
serire ya Akumunigo, Rugarama, Rubona n’abandi bavaga muri Butamwa.
–
Ku Kizu muri Serire ya Kivugiza haberaga inama ziyobowe na Ndabagumije Jérémie
wari Resiponsabure w’iyo Cellule afatanyije na Habyarimana alias Kigingi 225.
4.7.4. Segiteri ya Nyakabanda
Inama zitegura kwica abatutsi zaberaga mu rugo kwa Sebucocero hitwaga «Etat-Major»226 akaba
yari Perezida wa CDR muri Segiteri ya Nyakabanda. Abitabiraga izo nama harimo
Imananibishaka Jean Berchmas alias “Sukari” na Claude wari umuganga ku Bitaro Bikuru bya
Kigali, bakaba bari mu buyozi bwa CDR ku rwego rwa Segiteri. Nibo bakoze lisiti z’abagomba
kwicwa ndetse bakora na gahunda z’ibitero bijya kwica hirya no hino muri Segiteri ya
Nyakabanda n’izindi zahanaga imbibi na Nyakabanda. Muri Serire ya Munanira naho
hakorerwaga inama zitegura ibitero. Ibiro bya segiteri nabyo byabaye ihuriro ry’abicanyi aho
Interahamwe yitwa Nyirimamzi Geregori bamujyiriye Konseye wa Segiteri wa Nyakabanda
225
226
Ikiganiro na Rugundana Vedaste warokotse Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, Nyamirambo kuwa 20 Nzeri 201816
Ikiganiro na Mugema Olivier warokotse Jenoside, Nyakabanda tariki ya 15 Gashyantare 2019.
127
asimbuye Kandekwe wari utitabiraga ubwicanyi. Aho kuri segiteri ni ho babikaga ibyo babaga
basahuye mu ngo z’abo babaga bamaze kwica mbere yo kubigabana. Aho kandi niho
inkoramaraso zanyweraga ibiyobyabwenge mbere yuko zigaba ibitero, ndetse niho zafatiraga
abagore ku ngufu. Ahandi haberaga inama zitegura Jenoside ni mu kabare ko kwa Musonera muri
serire ya Munanira227.
4.7.5. Segiteri ya Kimisagara
Muri Segiteri ya Kimisagara kimwe n’ahandi mu gihugu, urubyiruko rwashishikarijwe kwinjira
mu mitwe yitwara gisirikare. Abahawe imyitozo ni Mugabo Alphonse, Sumbanyi Hamimu,
Mutabaruka Emmanuel,
Karegeya Pascal,
Mugenzi umuhungu wa Karushara Rosa,
Nyirandegeya, Mukagahutu Jeanne, Karushara Rose, Habimana mwene Mutuganyi, Simba
Emmanuel, Kavakure, Herman Kayibanda, Kanyamanza, Gahakwa, Assuman, Paulin wakoraga
kwa Karushara, Kanyamanza Regis, Claver mwene Karegeya, Mbarushimana Jean Marie,
Mugwaneza mwene Mbarubukeye Evariste, Benjamin bitaga «Kemukemu», Akumuntu Lambert,
Muzehe umuhungu wa Sabine, Ngerageze, Niyirora Fulgence, n’abandi. Aba ni nabo baje kuba
Interahamwe zishe Abatutsi muri Segiteri ya Kimisagara no mu nkengero zayo 228.
Hari ahantu henshi hakorerwaga inama zitegura ubwicanyi, ahamenyekanye ni aha hakurikira229:
–
Kuri Segiteri ya Kimisagara haberaga inama zikayoborwa na Karushara. Izo nama
zitabirwaga na Burumbuke Karoli, Twagiramungu Alexis, Silas, Muhingabo, Sebitenderi
Narcisse n’abandi bari bashinzwe ku gukangurira abaturage gahunda z’ubwicanyi.
–
Mu rugo kwa Ibrahimu naho haberaga kenshi izi nama zitegura ubwicanyi, iyo
Interahamwe zabaga zifite mitingi cyangwa imyigaragambyo bakundaga guhurira kwa
Ibrahimu cyangwa kwa Karushara. Abazaga kwa Ibrahimu ni Muberuka Adriyani, Simba
Muvunyi, Kavumbutsi Yoramu wari umuserire, Nsekerabanzi Andereya, Muhingabo
Stanislas, Twagiramungu Alexis, Hakizimana, Burumbuke Karoli, Ntawuruhunga
Laurent, Gatashya, Mugabo Alphonse, Munyabarame akaba muramu wa Karushara
n’abandi.
227
Ikiganiro na Nyabyenda Jean Baptiste warokotse Jenoside, Nyakabanda tariki ya 15 Gashyantare 2019.
Ikiganiro na Mudacyahwa Emmanuel warokotse Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ku Kimisagara, tariki ya 15
Mutarama 2019.
229
. Item
228
128
–
Mu rugo kwa Karushara hazaga Ndahiro Alphonse na Sebitabi Vincent, Simba
Emmanuel, Ndorayabo, Munyaneza Elias, Bazimaziki Froduald, Mbarushimana Jean
Népomuscene, Ngerageze Jean de Dieu, Utumabahutu Thaddée wari umujyanama wa
Segiteri ya
Kimisagara
yungirije
Karushara,
Munyaruyonga
Agustini,
Pastori
Ugirimbabazi, Mugabowindekwe Ladislas, Mbonyuwontuma Siméon, Habakurama
Faustin, Nyirantibimenya Donata, Kanyamanza Emmanuel, Sebahire Damascene,
Bukura, Munyakazi wari umucungagereza, Ruta umuhungu wa Karushara n’abandi.
–
Mu rugo kwa Ndorayabo hateraniraga inama ikitabirwa na Kabandana Paul, Sekimonyo
Evariste wakoraga muri MINITRAPE, Niyonzima Vincent, Kavumbutse Yoramu,
Gasimba, Ruhamanya, Kanyetora, Nyiramana Eugènie n’abandi 230. Sekimonyo Evariste
umaze kuvugwa vukiye mu kagari ka Nyaruhombo, mu murenge wa Rwamiro mu karere
ka Huye mu 1950. Yakoreye ibyaha muri segiteri ya Kimisagara ariko akaburanishirizwa
mu murenge wa Gitega aho urubanza rwimuriwe nyuma yo kujurira. Yarezwe
kwamamara mu bwicanyi, gushishikariza gukora jenoside no kugira uruhare mu bwicanyi
bw’abantu barenga 30 biciwe ku Kimisagara ari na resiponsabule wa serire.
Yakatiweburundu y’umwihariko 231
4.7.6. Segiteri ya Cyahafi
Inama zitegura ubwicanyi zakundaga gukorerwa mu rugo kwa Sebukiro Bosco cyangwa se kwa
Nzabamwita Geregori zitumijwe n’umugore we witwa Mukandekezi Marthe wari resiponsabure
wa Serire Kakirinda. Hazagamo kenshi abitwa Kazadi, Rwabutogo bitaga Nyiramacibiri 232,
Ananiya bitaga Kiragi, Rwagakiga, Déo n’abandi. Ku biro bya Segiteri ya Cyahafi, inama
zakoreshwaga na Havugimana Michel amaze gusimbura Sedali Anastase wari warashyizweho
by’agateganyo. Yakunze gukorana n’insoresore ari na zo zaje kuvamo Interahamwe zayogoje
Cyahafi yose zica Abatutsi. Hari kandi abandi bari abanyarwanashyaka bakuru ba MRND na
CDR bari ku isonga y’ibyaberaga mu Cyahafi ndetse bagakunda guhurira ku biro bya Segiteri
aribo Bahizi Etienne, Rwabutogo François, Bazumutima Ananiya n’abandi 233.
230
Ikiganiro na Mudacyahwa Emmanuel wacitse ku icumu rya Jenoside, Kimisagara tariki ya 1 Gashyantare 2019.
Urukiko rw’Ubujurire bw’Umurenge wa Gitega, Nyarugenge, 2009
232
Rwabutogo yari umwanditsi mu Kinyamakuru La Médaille Nyiramacibiri, cyari kibogamiye kuri MRND.
233
Ikiganiro twagiranye na Uwingabe Julienne wakotse Jenoside, Cyahafi tariki ya 18 Ukwakira 2018.
231
129
4.7.7. Segiteri ya Gitega
Habanje kujya hakorwa inama mu buryo bwa rwihishwa. Igihe cyaje kugera barerura zikabera
kwa Bernard wakoraga muri BACAR haberaga inama. Hazaga cyane uwitwa Muvoma,
Karangwa wakoraga muri OCIR, Majariwa wari umuserire, Nzogiroshya, Fereshi n’abandi.
Uwitwa Pecos yagenzuraga ibyavugirwaga mu nama zaberaga muri segiteri yose. Kwa konseye
Stanislas naho haberaga inama ndetse no ku biro bya Segiteri ya Gitega kimwe no kwa Mwembo
mu kabare hafi y’akazu k’amazi katinjirwagamo n’umututsi kuko iyo Umututsi yinjiragamo
bavugaga ko ubanukira234.
Urugomo rw’insoresore mu mashyaka cyane cyane muri MRND na CDR rwajyanaga n’ishingwa
y’imitwe yitwaraga gisirikare. Iyi mitwe yabanje guhabwa imyitozo ya gisilikare i Gabiro.
Kabagema Daniel wari umukozi wa Ambassade y’igihugu cy’Ubufaransa mu Rwanda yatubwiye
byinshi ku itozwa ry’Interahamwe n’abasirikare byaganishaga ku ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya
Jenoside. Mu buhamya bwe, yatubwiye ko habanje kuza abazungu mu bijyanye na coopération
militaire, bazana ibikoresho byinshi birimo imbunda, imodoka n’ibindi bikoresho by’intambara.
Bavugaga ko baje gutoza abasirikare. Ku biro bya ambassade kenshi mu ma saa kumi abakozi
bitegura gutaha hazaga abasore bakinjizwa mu cyumba cy’inama bagahabwa amasomo. Ibyo
kandi byakunze kubera mu cyumba kerekanirwagamo za filime cyari ku isomero ry’ibitabo (kuri
Rond-point. Abo babaga bigishwa wabonaga harimo abantu bajijutse ndetse bashobora kuba bari
nk’abakozi ba Leta cyangwa bakaba bari bafite inzego bahagarariye. Izo nyigisho zamaze igihe
kirekire ariko hagati aho habaga hari abandi abandi barimo guhabwa imyitozo hirya no hino mu
bigo bya gisirikare n’ahandi habonekaga umwanya 235.
Usibye mu Kigo cya Gisilikare cya Gabiro ahandi hantu hazwi kuba haraberaga imyitozo ni muri
Kaminuza y’u Rwanda ikigo cya Nyakinama. Ahagana mu 1992 hakorewe imyitozo
y’Interahamwe mu kibuga cy’umupira kiri hagati y’aho bita mu Muko n’ibibuga bya Volley na
basket bya kaminuza. Mu Kigo cy’abasirikare bitaga abakomando cya Bigogwe naho Abafaransa
bahatorezaga Interahamwe ndetse no ku musozi wa Jali.
234
235
Ikiganiro na Mparabanyi Faustin warokotse Jenoside, Gitega kuwa 15 Mutarama 2019.
Ikiganiro na Kabagema Daniel, Gitega 16 Mutarama 2019.
130
Mu nterahamwe zo ku Gitega zagiye mu myitozo harimo Abdu mwene Bwoko, Ndongo
Emmanuel, Kabwana mwene Kapiroko, Muhidini mwene Fereshi. Abandi bagiye baturutse
ahitwa mu Kinyange hafi y’ibiro bya Segiteri ya Gitega ni Kirenge wakomokaga i Masango, Joel
bitaga Museveni, abahungu babiri bo kwa Evariste, Stanislas wari umushoferi wa MINITRAPE.
Uyu Stanislas ntiyigeze afungwa cyangwa ngo akatirwe n’inkiko Gacaca. Abandi ni Veneranda
wigiraga umukurisitu cyane asengera muri Saint Michel buri munsi, Majariwa wari umuserire,
Ntwari wari mu gitero kishe umuryango wa Gerardine n’abandi. Igihe cyo kwigisha kirangiye
bahawe imbunda zo kwirindira umutekano zaje gukoreshwa mu gihe cya Jenoside.
Interahamwe zivuzwe haruguru zayoborwaga kandi n’uwari Konseye witwaga Mbonyimana
Stanislas alias Pepe Kale ari na we washishikarizaga urubyiruko kwinjira mu mutwe
w’Interahamwe. Mbonyimana Stanislas yahawe imyitozo yose y’Interahamwe ndetse
yamenyekanye cyane mu bikorwa byo kuyobora imyigaragambyo y’ishyaka MRND
n’Interahamwe. Yari umuntu uzwi cyane mu bugome n’imvugo z’urwango byagaragaye cyane
amasezerano y’amahoro y’Arusha amaze gushyirwaho umukono. Jenoside itangira, Konseye
Mbonyimana yari amaze ibyumweru bibiri mu bitaro yivuza ibikomere bya gerenade yatewe.
Aho Jenoside irangiriye, yaje guhunga agaruka mu gihugu muri 1996 asubira iwe ku Gitega aho
bita muri Camp ONU. Yaje gufatwa arafungwa ariko mu ntangiriro z’umwaka wa 2001
arafungurwa kubera impamvu z’uburwayi. Yaje gupfa mbere yuko imirimo y’Inkiko Gacaca
itangira236.
4.7.8. Segiteri ya Kanyinya
Muri Segiteri ya Kanyinya inama zateguraga ubwicanyi zakorerwa henshi hatandukanye.
Urugero muri mitingi zabereye i Kanyinya wumvaga zose zitegura Jenoside. Iyo bavugaga
interuro “Gutsembatsemba Inyenzi” wumvaga abari mu nama bavugije urwamo, bityo ukumva
ko bitinde bitebuke Abatutsi bazicwa 237. Ahandi inama zakorerwaga ni ku kabare k’uwitwa
Musafiri ndetse n’ubu afungiye gukora Jenoside. Aka kabari kari ihuriro ry’Interahamwe
zikomeye nka Murwanashyaka, Turatsinze, Ngendahimana, Gatabazi wari utuye muri serire ya
Taba, Ignace, Munyengango na Gatabaruka, ndetse n’abasirikare babaga bakambitse i Shyorongi
kimwe n’umusirikare wari waravuye ku rugerero witwa Rudasingwa na bo bakundaga guhurira
236
237
Ikiganiro na Mparabanyi Faustin warokotse Jenoside, Gitega kuwa 15 Mutarama 2019.
Ikiganiro na Kayiranga Jean Bosco warokotse Jenoside, Kanyinya, tariki ya 14 Gashyantare 2019.
131
muri ako kabare. Ku biro bya Segiteri ya Kanyinya hakorewe inama nyinshi akaba ari na ho
hateguriwe amalisiti y’Abatutsi bagombaga kwicwa. Inama zabaga ziyobowe na Konseye
Nzabamwita Joseph alias Banzuyampe. Hazagamo kandi Gatabazi wari utuye muri Serire ya
Taba, Ignace, Munyengango, Gatabaruka na Rudasingwa wari waravuye ku rugerero yirukanywe
mu Nzirabwoba238.
4.7.9. Segiteri ya Nzove
Inama zitegura ubwicanyi muri Segiteri ya Nzove zaberaga mu kabare k’uwitwa Karegeya
Stanislas, murugo kwa Ndereyimana Andre, mu kabare ko kwa Nubahimfura, murugo kwa
Karekezi Michel bitaga “Senkoko”, kwa Konseye Karangwa Alexandre alias Matene niho
bakundaga gukorera inama ndetse n’urutonde rw’Abatutsi bazicwa niho rwakorewe mu 1993
Inkotanyi zimaze kugera i Kigali, ku biro bya Segiteri ya Nzove no kubiro bya CCDFP.
Muri izo Nterahamwe zakundaga kwitabazwa hirya no hino zari zarahawe imyitozo ndetse zifite
imyitwarire n’imyambaro yazo itandukanye n’iy’abandi. Zari zifite ibikoresho n’imbunda,
ubuhiri burimo imisumari, udushoka batwaraga ku matako, inkota n’amagerenade. Muri bo
twavuga uwitwa Rufangura mwene Kalinijabo, Karegeya mwene Rutambuka, Hitayezu mwene
Mugema, Nzeyimana mwene Munyentama, Nzabamwita na Ntashamaje abahungu ba
Rwakayigi, Musoni mwene Kanani na Nyirarudodo, Ahimana Emmanuel mwene Manihura,
Miruho Martin mwene Segatashya, Meshake na Ndayambaje bene Karekezi Michel,
Ntahompagaze, Nzabarirwa na Ndayambaje bene Gashaka, Shinani, Habyarimana na
Utazirubanda bene Gahigi, Yankurije Venuste mwene Marembo, Murindahabi alias Kijyambere
mwene Ayabashi, Mukarubayiza 239 umukobwa wa Rwabukwandi, Muhizi mwene Gakwisi,
Majyambere Silas na Twagirayezu bene Mugema, Karangwa Alexandre bitaga Matene, Etazuni
Innocent na Rwamukwaya Théo bene Rwamukwaya, Mukamuhaya umugore wa Rwamukwaya,
Nkurikiye Thadeyo mwene Muriza, Mutimura, Nzabamwita Vincent alias Kamoteri, Jyambere
mwene Hitimana Théobald, Nkunzingoma Zakaliya, Tuyisenge mwene Karekezi, Kimonyo
mwene Ntazina, Gafero, Manishimwe mwene Gatemberezi, Kinyoni mwene Sindifite, Mucye
mwene Bigirinka, Nkiriyehe mwene Mbabariye, Bitaha na Candali bene Gahondogo, Rwagasana
mwene Karimujyire, Turikunkiko mwene Barayahundwa, Kabindi, Assuman, Ndereyimana
238
239
Idem
Uyu Mukarubayiza arafunze azira gukora Jenoside
132
Andereya mwene Mukakabano, Kigingi Vedaste, Musoni, , Sibomana, Zuberi, Mugabarigira
mwene Ndekwe, Kurimpuzu, Ngendahayo, Mitongano, Bizimungu, Karani, Asheli, Bizimana,
Mathias mwene Mahirane, Butare Jean Bosco, Muhire, Mutimura Jean Chyrisostome,
Nsanzumuhire, Rusine, Anselme, Rwabugabo Nsabimana, Muhawenimana Cléophas n’abandi.
Mutimura Jean Chyrisostome ni mwene Kazanenda Simon na Makarutamu. Yavukiye mu kagari
ka Nzove, mu murenge wa Kanyinya, akarere ka Nyarugenge muri 1965. Yajuririye urubanza
bityo rubera mu kagari ka Cyahafi, umurenge wa Gitega. Yarezwe kugira uruhare mu iyica
ry’abantu batandukanye no gushinyaguriye umurambo wa Melesiyana. Ku itariki ya 09
Nyakanga 2009 yakatiwe gufungwa imyaka mirongo itatu (30)240.
4.7.10. Segiteri ya Biryogo
Jenoside muri Segiteri ya Biryogo yabanjirijwe n’imyitozo yahawe urubyiruko. Iyo myitozo
yakorerwaga ahitwa kuri kariyeri mu Rugunga mu nzu y’umucuruzi witwaga Seti. Ibyo bikorwa
byo kwigisha byakunze kugaragaramo uwitwa Rukundakuvuga Joseph wakoraga muri Sulfo
ndetse yari nyumbakumi muri Serire ya Rugunga. Kwa Kitonsa wacuruzaga imigati hafi y’ivuriro
ryo kwa Nyiranuma. Uwo mugabo Kitonsa yakomokaga ku Gisenyi. Saa munani z’amanywa
abasore bakoraga iwe mu ruganda rw’imigati bagera nko ku icumi, n’abandi basore bakoraga mu
ngo z’abaturage baho hafi akazi ko mu rugo bahuriraga aho mu gipangu kwa Kitonsa bagatangira
imyitozo. Mu byo bigishwaga harimo guterana ibyuma no kurwanisha intwaro gakondo ndetse no
gutera za gerenade. Abo ni bo bavuyemo Interahamwe kuko nyuma baje guhabwa intwaro
n’imyambaro yazo. Abo basore kandi iyo MRND yabaga ifite imyigaragambyo na za mitingi
wabonaga babukereye bitwaje gerenade, inkota, n’udushoka ku matako yabo.
Ku Kibuga cy’ishuri ribanza rya Rwampara na ho hakorerwaga imyitozo iganisha ku gukora
Jenoside. Icyo gihe buri wese yabaga atwaye umuhini babigisha kugenda gisirikare no kwiga
kurasa. Konseye Karekezi Hamri na Simbizi Stanislas wari utuye ahazwi nko kuri “Korotire” hafi
ya Kiriziya ya Mutagatifu Stefano Wera (Saint Etienne) ni bo bagenzuraga ibyo bikorwa byo
gutoza Interahamwe. Ahandi ni ku kabare bitaga «Escale» kari mu Biryogo, naho hakorerwaga
inama zitegura Jenoside ndetse n’ibyo babaga babohoje igihe cy’imyigaragamyo bazaga
kubigabanira kuri ako kabare. Ahandi ni kwa Ndayitabi mu rugo aho bigiraga imbyino no kwa
240
Urukiko rw’umurenge wa Gitega, Nyarugenge, 2009.
133
Shyirambere Lambert se wa Makantabana Séraphine wigeze kuba Minisitri ushinzwe ibiza
akanaba Peresidante wa Komisiyo yo gusubiza abasirikare basezerewe ku rugero mu buzima
busanzwe. Niho handikirwaga abarwanashyaka ba MRND bakahatangira n’amakarita y’ishyaka
ry’iryo. Kwa Ababona Evariste wari mubyara wa Perezida Habyarimana akaba yari umukozi wa
Minisiteri y’Amashuri Abanza n’Ayisumbuye. Ababona yarakatiwe n’inkiko gacaca ariko
ntiyafunzwe. Kwa Resiponsabule Gatarayiha Seleman wari uturanye na Kitonsa hakorerwaga
inama zateguraga Jenoside. Karekezi Hamri mu ntangiriro z’ukwezi kwa Gicurasi 1994 ubwo
Jenoside yari irimbanije yatumije abaturage ba Serire Rugunga mu nama yabereye kuri Kariyeri.
Muri iyo nama harimo Rukundakuvuga, Sibomana wari umupolisi wa Komini ya Nyarugenge,
Ababona, Rubyegeri n’abandi. Muri iyo nama Hamri na bagenzi be baganiriye ku kibazo
cy’Abatutsi bifuza kumenya niba barapfuye cyangwa bakiriho. Ni bwo yabwiye abaturage ko mu
bisenge by’amazu yo mu «Kizungu» hihishemo Abatutsi. Hakozwe urutonde rwabo byitwa ko
bashaka gukora urutonde rwabo kugira ngo bashake uko babarinda no kubagaburira. Ayo yari
amayeri kugira ngo bamenye abatarapfa bityo babone uko babica. Icyo gihe Inkotanyi zari ku i
Rebero zibonye icyo kivunge cy’abantu baje mu nama zirasa igisasu muri iyo nama yari itarafata
imyanzuro abantu bakwira imishwaro irangira ityo 241.
4.8. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri Komini ya Nyarugenge
Nk’uko byagaragajwe n’amakuru yakusanyijwe ndetse n’ubusesenguzi bwayakorewe, Jenoside
yakorewe Abatutsi yabanjirijwe n’imyiteguro yo kubiba urwango ku Batutsi mu baturage, gutoza
abicanyi (interahamwe) inyigisho za gisilikare ndetse no gukwirakwiza intwaro mu baturage. Mu
ijoro ryo kuya 6 Mata 1994 nibwo urupfu rwa Perezida Habyarimana Juvénal rwamenyekanye,
Jenoside itangira ubwo kuko imyiteguro yose yari yarakozwe.
Iki gice kiragaragaza uburyo Jenoside yashyizwe mu bikorwa mu Karere ka Nyarugenge uko
gateye ubu. Twibutse ko aka Karere ka Nyarugenge kahuje iyahoze ari Komini ya Nyarugenge,
Komini ya Butamwa ndetse na Segiteri ya Kanyinya na Nzove byahoze biri muri Komini ya
Shyorongi.
241
Ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Rutayisire Eugène, Biryogo, tariki ya 27 Nzeri 2018.
134
4.8.1. Segiteri ya Nyarugenge
Amakuru y’urupfu rwa Habyarimana amaze kumenyekana, uduce dukomeye twa Segiteri ya
Nyarugenge twahise dushyirwamo bariyeri. Ku biro by’umuryango mbuzamahanga utabara
imbabare (CICR) mu Rugunga hari bariyeri yari irinzwe n’abasirikare. Indi yari iri kuri Hôtel
Kiyovu ndetse no kuri EPR zombi zirindwa n’abasirikare n’Interahamwe. Umuhanda ujya ku
kiriziya gaturika yitiriwe Mutagatifu Mikayire naho hari bariyeri. Hepfo yo Kwa Musoni
Ndamage naho hashyizwe bariyeri ku gahanda kerekezaga kuri ambasade ya Libiya. Bariyeri yo
kwa Colonel Serubuga ku muhanda wajyaga ku ishuri rikuru rya gislikare. Bariyeri yashyizwe
munsi yo kwa Kanyarengwe hafi y’icumbi rya Ambasaderi w’Ububirigi. Imbere ya «Hotel des
Milles Collines» hari bariyeri yariho abasirikare ndetse n’imbere y’isomero rya Ambasade
y’igihugu cy’Ubufaransa. Indi bariyeri yari imbere ya Paruwasi katederali ya Mutagatifu
Mikayire na yo yariho abasirikare n’Interahamwe. Uturutse kuri Camp Kigali, kuri «Café
Impala» hafi ya «Hotel des Diplomates» hari hashyizwe bariyeri y’abasirikare. Indi bariyeri
ikomeye yari iriho abasirikare yari imbere ya CHK. Bariyeri y’abajandarume yariyashyizwe
hagati ya Radiyo Rwanda na «station» ya Lisense ya ERP. Yariho abajandarume benshi harimo
n’abari barinze Radiyo Rwanda. Umuhanda wanyuraga hagati y’ibiro bya Perezidansi ubu
hahererye ibiro bya Perefegitura y’Umujyi n’Akarere ka Nyarugegne na Radiyo RTLM na ho
hari hashyizwe bariyeri yarindwaga n’abajandarume. Bariyeri yindi yari yashyizwe kuri Ecole
Belge. Yashyizweho nko mu matariki ya 14 Mata 1994 iyobowe n’Interahamwe. Indi bariyeri
yariho aba JDR n’iyari iri imbere yo kwa Karamira Frodouald aharebana n’inzu bitaga «BCK».
Bariyeri yari yashyizwe imbere ya Farumasi y’umuhinde bita Ramji yayoborwaga
n’Interahamwe. Indi bariyeri yariho Interahamwe n’iyari yashyizwe ku muhanda wa Sulfo hafi
y’ibiro bya ELECTROGAZ. Bariyeri zose zo mu mujyi cyane cyane izo muri «Quartier
Commercial na Matheus» zagenzurwaga na Mbyariyehe Gabriel wari Konseye wa Nyarugenge
akaba na perezida w’abacuruzi, bikaba byaramufashije gusahura amaduka y’abacuruzi bagenzi
be242.
242
Ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Nsanzamahoro Budagisi, Kanyinya kuya 15 Ukwakira 2019.
135
4.8.1.1. Intandaro y’urupfu rw’abasirikare b’Ababiligi bari mu butumwa bw’amahoro
Umwuka mubi hagati y’u Bubiligi n’u Rwanda watangiye mu ntangiriro ya Mutarama 1994.
Uwo mwuka mubi wakomeje kugeza Jenoside itangira. Urwango rw’abanyapolitiki b’u Rwanda
ku Bubirigi rwashingiye kuri raporo yakozwe n’inzego z’iperereza z’igihugu cy’Ububiligi. Ku
itariki ya 8 Mutarama 1994, inzego z’iperereza z’igihugu cy’u Bubiligi zanditse inyandiko
y’ibanga itangaza ko ku itariki ya 7 Mutarama 1994 hari inama yabereye ku cyicaro gikuru cya
MRND yahuje Matayo Ngirumpatse wari Perezida wa MRND, Minisitiri w’Ingabo Augustin
Bizimana, Umugaba Mukuru w’Ingabo Jenerali Nsabimana Deogratias, Umugaba Mukuru wa
Jandarumori Jenerali Augustin Ndindiriyimana, Kajuga Robert Umuyobozi w’Interahamwe ku
rwego rw’igihugu n’abandi bajandarume n’abasirikari bakuru. Iyi nama ikaba yari igamije gufata
ibyemezo ku mikoranire y’u Rwanda na MINUAR, cyane cyane ko batashakaga kwereka
MINUAR ububiko bw’intwaro nk’uko bari babisabwe na MINUAR. Muri iyo nama, bemeje ko
bagomba gukora icengezamatwara (propagande) mu baturage yo kubangisha MINUAR cyane
abasirikare b’Ababiligi bari mu bayigize 243.
Urugero rufatika rwo kwangisha abasirikari b’abanyarwanda n’abaturage uruhare rw’abasirikari
b’Ababirigi mu kubungabunga amahoro mu Rwanda n’ibiganiro mbwirwaruhame byakorwaga
n’abanyapolitiki ba MRND ku maradiyo. Ku itariki ya 27 Mutarama 1994, RTLM yanyujijeho
ibiganiro bihamagarira Abahutu bose kwishyira hamwe bakarwana kugeza ku munota wa nyuma
ngo kuko abasirikare b’Ababiligi ba MINUAR bari bafite umugambi wo gutanga igihugu
bakagiha Abatutsi.
Ibyo biganiro byaje bikurikira na none inama yari yahuje abayobozi bakuru ba MRND barimo
Joseph Nzirorera, Edouard Karemera, Jean Pierre Habyarimana na Robert Kajuga wayoboraga
Interahamwe ku rwego rw’igihugu. Muri iyo nama bashimangiye gahunda yo gucengeza mu
baturage cyane cyane Interahamwe amatwara yo kurwanya abasirikari b’Ababiligi bo muri
MINUAR, hatangwa n’amabwiriza ko Interahamwe zitagomba kuzongera gukurikiza ibivuzwe
243
Des Forges A. (1999). “Leave None to Tell the Story”: Genocide in Rwanda, Human Rights Watch, p147.
136
n’ingabo za MINUAR z’Ababiligi, zikitegura guhangana na bo no kubangisha abaturage ku
buryo bushoboka244.
4.8.1.2. Iyicwa rya Agatha Uwiringiyimana
Nyuma y’iminota mirongo itatu indege y’umukuru w’igihugu ihanutse, Madamu Uwiringiyimana
Agatha wari minisitiri w’intebe ni bwo yaburiwe na Booh-Booh wari ukuriye abasirikare bari mu
butumwa bw’amahoro bwa ONU mu Rwanda (MUNUAR), ko ibintu bitameze neza. Muri icyo
gihe kandi cyakurikiye ihanurwa ri’indege y’uwari umukuru w’igihugu Colonel Bagosora ni we
wasaga n’ufite ubutegetsi kuko yahise ahamagara inzego za gisirikare agira ngo barebere hamwe
icyakorwa. Roméo Dallaire wayoboraga ingabo z’umuryango w’abibumbye zari zaje mu
igenzura ry’uko amasezerano y’amahoro y’Arusha ashyirwa mu bikorwa yasabye Colonel
Bagosora ko ibyo yatekereza gukora byose yabivugana na Minisitiri w’Intebe Madamu
Uwiringiyimana Agata. Colonel Bagosora ibyo ntiyabikozwa.
Colonel Théoneste Bagosora nyuma yaje gushaka ko ubutegetsi bwafatwa n’igisirikare ariko
bamwe mu basirikare barabyanga kubera babonaga ko batajya mu buyobozi bwite bwa Leta
hanyuma ngo banarwane intambara na FPR-Inkotanyi umugaba w’ingabo za APR yari amaze
gutangaza ku mugaragaro. General Dallaire nawe ku ruhande rwa « ONU » yatangaje ko niba
ubutegetsi bufashwe n’igisirikare ingabo z’umuryango w’abibumbye zihagarika ibikorwa byazo
mu Rwanda zigasubirayo. General Dallaire yasabye abakuru b’ingabo ko bakorana na
Uwiringiyimana Agata wari usanzwe ayobora guverinoma maze Colonel Bagosora amubwira ko
bitashoboka kuko abaturage n’abari bagize guverinoma badashaka Uwiringiyimana Agata. BoohBooh wari wamenye ko madame Uwiringiyimana Agata yakuwe ku buyobozi bwa guverinoma
yahise abimumenyesha ariko Minisitiri Uwiringiyimana ntiyahunga.
Umutwe w’abasirikare barindaga Perezida muri iryo joro ryo kuwa 6 Mata 1994 bari bamaze
gukwira hose mu mujyi wa Kigali. Ni bwo General Dallaire yahise asaba abakuru b’ingabo
z’igihugu kugenzura ibikorwa by’uwo mutwe warindaga Perezida wa Repubulika. Muri iryo
rojoro abasirikare barindaga JuvénalHabyarimana ndetse n’abari bagize umutwe w’iperereza
batangiye kugenzura urugo rwa Agatha Uwiringiyimana. Abo basirikare bahise batabara
244
Des Forges A. (1999). “Leave None to Tell the Story”: Genocide in Rwanda, Human Rights Watch, p147.
137
abanyaporitike b’ishyaka MRND bari batuye ku Kimihura babahungishiriza mu bigo bya
gisirikare ariko abandi banyaporitike bari bahatuye bo bababwira ko baguma mu ngo zabo.
Lieutenant
Colonel
Bavugamenshi
Innocent
wari
ushinzwe
abajandarume
barindaga
abanyaporitike akimenya ko umutwe w’abasirikare barinda Perezida wahungishije abanyapolitiki
b’ishyaka MRND gusa yahise atekereza ko abandi basigaye ntakiregera bafite maze afata
icyemezo cyo kohereza abajandarume ngo barinde abasigaye by’umwihariko Madamu
Uwiringiyimana Agata. Gusa abo yohereje yo ntibigeze bahagera.
Tariki ya 7 Mata 1994 hagana saa munani z’ijoro abasirikare icumi b’ababiligi bavuye Kigo cya
Gisirikare cya Kigali muri Nyarugenge bagiye kurinda Agathe Uwiringiyima wari Minisitiri
w’Intebe. Kubera imbogamizi za bariyeri zari zashyizweho ; izo ngabo za MINUAR zageze ku
rugo rwa Agathe Uwiringiyimana mu rukerera hagana saa kumi n’imwe n’igice za mu gitondo
gufatanya n’abandi basirikare batanu bakomokaga mu gihugu cya Ghana kurinda umutekano we
wari muke.
Bakihagera, ingabo za MINUAR zashatse guherekeza Agata Uwiringiyimana kuri Radiyo
Rwanda kugira ngo agire ijambo ageza ku Banyarwanda. Bafashe inzira berekeza kuri Radiyo
Rwanda muri urwo rukerera. Mu butumwa yashakaga kunyuza kuri Radiyo Rwanda bwarimo
kumenyesha Abanyarwanda ibihe barimo n’uko nyuma y’Urupfu rwa Perezida Habyarimana
amasezerano ya Arusha agiye gushyirwa mu bikorwa. Ibi ntibyashobotse kuko abajandarume bari
bayobowe na Lieutenant Colonel Kayumba Cyprien warindaga Radiyo Rwanda bangiye
Minisitiri Agathe n’abasirikare ba MINUAR kwinjira muri Radiyo, kandi ko atayivugiraho igihe
cyose nta ruhushya rwa Colonel Théoneste Bagosora afite. Bagaruka mu rugo kwa Agathe
Uwiringiyimana.
Tariki 7 Mata 1994 ahagana saa moya za mu gitondo Lieutenant Lotin wari uyoboye iryo tsinda
ry’abasirikare bari bashinzwe kurinda Agatha Uwiringiyimana bamenyesheje ubuyobozi bwa
MINUAR ko bagoswe n’abasirikare b’abanyarwanda bageze kuri 20 bitwaje imbunda na
«grenade»245. Igihe bari bategereje ko hari ubutabazi bundi bubageraho, ahagana saa mbiri za mu
gitondo Agathe Uwiringiyimana n’uwo bashakanye bamaze kubona ko bari mu mazi abira
245
Novopress.info: le massacre des para-commandos belges au Rwanda, byasomwe kuri murandasi kuwa 15
Ukuboza 2018
138
bagerageje guhungira mu rugo rw’umuturanyi wabo wakoraga muri Ambassade ya Leta Zunze
Ubumwe z’America ariko ntibyabakundira. Bimaze kwanga bahungiye mu rundi rugo rw’undi
muturanyi wabo wakoreraga umuryango w’abibumbye ari na ho abamwishe bamusanze.
Capitaine Hategekimana Gaspard wari mu mutwe w’ingabo zirinda Perezida wa Repuburika ni
we wari ushinzwe gushakisha Ministiri w’Intebe Agatha Uwiringiyimana aho yaba yihishe hose.
Saa tanu n’igice ni bwo abasirikare babonye Agathe Uwiringiyimana aho yari yihishe maze aza
abasanga azi ko ari abaje kumuhungisha bamujyana mu kigo cya gisirikare kumurindira
umutekano. Mbere y’uko Agathe Uwiringiyimana yicwa hari itsinda ry’abasirikare bavuka mu
majyepfo y’igihugu birangira barushijwe imbaraga n’abavuka mu majyaruguru bashakaga guhita
bamwica. Kapiteni Hategekimana akihagera yategetse ko Agathe Uwiringiyimana yicwa.
Umusirikari wari ufite ipeti rya Liyetona ni we wahise arasa Uwiringiyimana Agathe n’umugabo
we. Nyuma y’urupfu rw’Agathe Uwiringiyimana n’uwo bashakanye abashoboye kubona
umurambo we bavuze ko bamusanze yambaye ubusa ndetse bamwinjije icupa rya Primus mu nda
ibyara246.
4.8.1.3. Iraswa ry’abasirikare b’Ababiligi
Iyicwa rya Agathe Uwiringiyimana rifitanye isano n’umwuka mubi wari hagati y’ingabo z’u
Rwanda n’abasirikare b’Ababiligi bari mu butumwa bw’amahoro mu Rwanda wakomeje kugeza
Jenoside itangiye. Abasirikare b’igihugu cy’Ububiligi bari boherejwe na MINUAR kurinda
Agathe Uwiringiyimana aribo Caporal Bruno Bassine, Caporal Alain Debatty, Caporal
Christophe Dupont, Caporal Stéphane Lhoir, Caporal Bruno Meaux, Caporal Louis Plescia,
Caporal Christophe Renwa, Caporal Marc Uyttebroeck, Sergent Yannick Leroy na Lieutenant
Thierry Lotin bahise bamburwa intwaro n’abasirikare bo mu mutwe warindaga Perezida wa
Repuburika bajyanwa mu kigo cya gisirikare cya Kigali (Camp Kigali).
246
Ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Tadeyo Karamaga wahoze mu ngabo za FAR mu nkuru yasohotse mu kinyamakuru
«Igihe» https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/ kuya 19 Nyakanga 2016
139
Inzu
yiciwemo
abasirikari b’ababiligi
mu kigo cya gislikare
cya
Camp
Kigali
bamaze kugaraguzwa
agati n’abasirikari b’u
Rwanda bababwira ko
Igihugu cy’Ububirigi
gishyigikiye Inkotanyi
mu
rugamba
barwanaga na Leta y’u
Rwanda.
Ishusho yavanywe ku murandasi
Mu rwego rwo kwangisha abaturage ingabo z’ababirigi, abasirikare b’u Rwanda bakwije ibihuha
mu baturage ko abasirikari b’ababirigi ari bo bahanuye indege yari itwaye Perezida Habyarimana
Juvénal.
Abagize uruhare mu rupfu rw’abo basirikare b’Ababirigi ni bamwe mu basirikare bakuru
n’abandi bari bafite ijambo mu gufata ibyemezo. Muri abo ni Colonel Théoneste Bagosora
watanze amabwiriza ku bayobozi b’ingabo bakurikira : Major Protais Mpiranya wayoboraga
umutwe w’abasirikare barindaga umukuru w’igihugu, François-Xavier Nzuwonemeye wari
ushinzwe umutwe w’Iperereza, Major Aloys Ntabakuze wayoboraga umutwe w’abasirikare
barwanira mu Kirere, Lieutonant Colonel Léonard Nkundiye wigeze kuyobora umutwe
warindaga umukuru w’igihugu, Major Bernard Ntuyahaga wayoboye ubwicanyi mu mujyi
rwagati, Kapiteni Gaspard Hategekimana woherejwe kuyobora igitero cyahitanye Agathe
Uwiringiyimana na Colonel Tharcisse Renzaho wari umuyobozi wa Perefegitura y’Umujyi wa
Kigali.
Muri icyo gitondo abasirikare bane b’ababiligi bahise bicwa abandi batandatu n’abasirikare
batanu bakomokaga mu gihugu cya Ghana babasha kwihisha mu nzu yakoreragamo MINUAR 247.
Kuri uwo munsi ahagana saa sita n’igice abasirikare b’u Rwanda bahise bategeka abasirikare ba
247
Abasirikari b’Ababiligi biciwe mu Kigo cya Gisilikare cya Kigali mu nzu yari yaratijwe Abasirikari ba MINUAR
140
Ghana gusohoka, abasirikare b’u Rwanda batera gerenade mu nzu bari barimo. Hakurikiyeho
kwica abo basirikare b’Ababiligi muri iyo nzu babateye ibyuma 248.
4.8.1.4. Ahaguye imbaga y’Abatutsi muri Segiteri ya Nyarugenge
Abatutsi biciwe mu Bitaro bikuru bya Kigali (CHK)
Abaganga n’Interahamwe zifatanyije n'abasirikare bari kuri bariyeri imbere y’ibitaro binjiraga
mu bitaro bakajya kwica abarwayi ndetse n'abaganga b’Abatutsi bakoraga muri CHUK. Abandi
Batutsi bari muri ibi bitaro bakorewe urutonde barushyira Koloneli Renzaho Tharcisse wari
Perefe w'Umujyi wa Kigali. Nyuma y’aho yagiye ahabwa raporo y’abamaze kwicwa. Abaforomo
n’abaganga bo mu bwoko bw’Abatutsi bakoreraga muri CHK, abarwayi n’abarwaza n’inkomere
bagiye bicwa urusorongo. Umunsi ku wundi hafatwaga Abatutsi bagahurizwa ku buruhukiro
bw’ibi bitaro hanyuma Colonel Renzaho Tharcisse akohereza imfungwa zo muri Gereza ya 1930
zikabica. Uwari ku isonga mu kwica Abatutsi muri ibi bitaro n’umuforomokazi wahakoraga
witwa Nyirakamondo Providence afatanyije n’abana be babiri n’Interahamwe.
Mu bitaro bikuru bya Kigali igihe Jenosode yakorewe Abatutsi yakorwaga, harimo Abatutsi
benshi barimo abarwayi n’abarwaza cyane cyane inkomere zabaga zazanywe n’Umuryango
Utabara Imbabare. Harimo kandi abakozi basanzwe mu buyobozi, abaganga n’abaforomo ndetse
n’abasirikare b’Inziranbwoba babaga baje kwihisha urugamba aho mu bitaro 249. “Imbere y’ibitaro
bya CHK hari harashyizwe bariyeri kuva ku itariki ya 7 Mata 1994. Iyo bariyeri yarindwaga
n’abasirikare bavanze n’Interahamwe ntibyari byoroshye kuyinyuraho. Yaguyeho abantu benshi
kuko mpanyura nza kuvuzwa n’umuryango utabara imbabare nahabonye imirambo myinshi kuri
iyo bariyeri itegereje gukurwaho” 250. Mu minsi ya mbere ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ibitaro
bya CHK byakiriye inkomere nyinshi z’Abatutsi babaga bakuwe mu mirambo bagihumeka aho
babaga barimo kwicwa hirya no hino mu Mujyi wa Kigali. Ayo magana y’Abatutsi babaga
248
De Forges, A. (1999). Aucun témoins ne doit survivre: Le genocide au Rwanda; Paris: Editions Karthala, p233.
Ubuhamya twahawe n’uwacitse ku Icumu rya Jenosode yakorewe Abatutsi wari warazanywe kwivuriza muri
CHUK nyuma yokuraswa n’Interahamwe bikomeye cyane. Rwezamenyo, Mutarama 2019.
250
Ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Mukakimenyi Speciose warokotse Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, Nyakabanda kuya kuya
16 Gashyantare 2019. Mukakimenyi yazanywe n’Umuryango utabara imbabare kwivuza ku itariki ya 8 Mata 1994
aturutse muri Segiteri ya Nyakabanda.
249
141
bamaze kurokoka ahandi yose yiciwe mu bitaro bya CHUK yicwa n’abasirikare bafatanyije
n’Interahamwe. Ubwicanyi bwakunze gukorwa ijoro riguye.
Mu bitaro bya Kigali CHUK habanje guhigwa abaganga n’abaforomo b’Abatutsi ngo bicwe.
Ubwo Jenoside yari irimbanije mu gihugu cyose, muri CHUK hari harwariye abantu bingire zose.
Ivangura mu kuvura ryahise ritamgira ubwo kuko abatutsi bari basanzwe baharwariye ndetse
n’inkomere zari mu bitaro ntibongeye kwitabwaho ngo bavurwe. Urugero rw’ivangura ni igihe
Ndayambaje Stéphanie wari ushinzwe gusaranganya ibiringiti abarwayi n’abarwaza byari bimaze
gutangwa n’Umuryango Mpuzamahanga Utabara Imbabare (CICR) yabihaye abandi bose ariko
arangije yanze kubiha abarwayi n’abarwaza bo mu bwoko bw’Abatutsi avuga ko ataha ibiringiti
Inyenzi. Guhera ubwo Abatutsi bari baharwariye batangiye gupfa bazira kubura ubuvuzi.
Umugambi mubisha wo kwica abaforomo n’abarwayi hakoreshejwe intwaro watangijwe na
Ndayambaje Stéphanie wayoboraga Ishami ry’Abakozi uvuka muri Segiteri ya Gitega Komini ya
Nyarugenge, afatanyije na Mukaruhungo Joséphine wari umuforomokazi muri ibyo bitaro kuko
ari bo bakoraga urutonde rw’amazina n’ibyumba Abatutsi babaga barwariyemo bakabiha
Interahamwe251.
Ku itariki ya 13 Gicurasi 1994
ahagana saa moya z’ijoro,
Interahamwe zari kuri bariyeri
y’imbere ya CHUK zifatanije
n’abasirikare bari barwariye
muri CHUK biraye mu barwayi
bica abagera kuri mirongo itanu
babarasiye
imbere
y’uburuhukiro bw’ibitaro.
Urwibutso rwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi (Abaganga n’Abaforomo) bakoreraga mu
Bitaro bikuru bya Kigali (CHK). Uru rwibutso ntirugaragaza amazina y’abarwayi
n’abarwaza biciwe mu bitaro.
251
Ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Uwingabe Julienne, Nyarugenge, 18 Ukwakira 2018.
142
Muri ibi bikorwa by’ubugome ndengakamere Ndayambaje Stéphanie yabifatanyaga na bagenzi
be b’abaforomo Nyiramondo Providence wafashaga Ndayambaje Stéphanie gukora urutonde
rw’abagomba kwicwa, Mukaruhungo Joséphine, Mukakabera Edith, Mukandamage Philomène,
Mukankusi Jeannette werekanye aho nyirabukwe wa Depite Sisi Evariste n’umwana
w’umukobwa wa Sisi witwa Umurungi bari bihishe nyuma bakaza kwicwa.
Undi muforomokazi wabaye gica ni uwitwa Banabeza Marie Josée wavukaga i Bulinga akaba
yari atuye Kimisagara. Ngo ntiyigeze yumva na rimwe ko Abatutsi bavurwa muri CHUK. Muri
icyo gihe aho gukora akazi ke uko bikwiye yahigaga abarwayi n’abarwaza b’Abatutsi aho babaga
bihishe hanyuma akabashyira Interahamwe n’abasirikare kugira ngo babice. Yirukanye
umukazana wa Gasamagera mu nzu y’ababyeyi afite uruhinja rw’amezi atandatu ananga ko
yivuza kandi yari arembye cyane. Banabeza, Mukandamage Philomène na Mukakabera Edith
bafatanyije basanze abagore babiri bari bihishe mu nzu y’abagore barangije bajya ku muganga
witwa Benoit n’umusirikare bitaga Kamashini wabaga muri CHUK bababwira ko mu nzu
y’abagore bavumbuyemo Inyenzi. Bigeze nka saa yine z’ijoro, haje umugabo witwa Birandagaye
Emmanuel wakoraga muri CHUK, Kamashini na Mukakabera Edith binjira mu nzu y’ababyeyi,
bahera mu cyumba cya mbere babwira abarimo ko hari Inyenzi zirimo baje gushaka. Bahereye
aho baka indangamuntu bageze mu cyumba cya kabiri ni ho basanze ba bagore. Kamashini
yabashyize imbere abamanukana mu nzira igana ku buruhukiro bw’ibitaro. Hashize akanya
bahise babarasa maze bukeye ni bwo byamenyekanye ko abagore bakuwe mu nzu y’ababyeyi
baraye bishwe. Bananeza na Mukakabera bakomeje gukorana n’abasirikare n’Interahamwe kuko
bakomeje kujya baka abarwayi indangamuntu.
Ijoro ryakurikiyeho hagana saa saba hakuwe abarwayi ku bitanda bari baryamyeho bikozwe na
Bananeza na bagenzi be bari baraye mu gikorwa cyo kuzenguruka mu bitaro, na bwo bajya
kwicirwa ku buruhukiro 252. Abarwayi n’abarwaza b’Abatutsi bakomeje kwicwa kugeza igihe
Inkotanyi zitangiye kurasa ibisasu bya rutura bityo Umuryango Utabara imbabare
ugahungishiriza bamwe mu barwayi bari baharwariye i Kabgayi no ku kicaro cy’Umuryango
Mpuzamahanga Utabara Imbabare (CICR) mu Kiyovu.
252
Ubuhamya bwatanzwe n’uwari muri CHUK nyuma akaza kujyanwa i Kabgayi, Nyarugenge Mutarama 2019.
143
Ndayambaje Stéphanie yicishije na none umwana w’umukobwa wakoreraga umugabo witwa
Kagorera arashwe n’umusirikare wari ufite ipeti rya “Sous Lieutenant”. We n’uwo musirikare
kandi bishe abarimu bigishaga muri “Lycée de Kigali” bari bahungiye mu bitaro bikuru bya
Kigali253. Uyu Ndayambaje Stéphanie mwene Kayonga Juvénal na Nyiransekerabanzi Léoncie
wavukuye mu kagari ka Gihinga mu murenge wa Gihinga akarere la Rutsiro mu ntara
y’Iburengerazuba mu 1940, yagejweje imbere y’ubutabera ngo aryozwe uruhare yagize muri
Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri CHK aho yari umuforomokazi muri CHK. Yashijwe na
Kaporali Ndagijimana Frédéric, Dr Kanyangabo Faustin na Gumyusenge Caritas kuba yagize
ubufatanyacyaha mu gukora liste y’abagombaga kwicwa nk’umuntu wari ukuriye abakozi bari
muri CHK, gushinyagurira Abatutsi abizi neza ko bahigwaga , gusaka ibitaro n’ubufatanyacyaha
mu bantu baguye CHK no kwicisha umukobwa wari wasizwe muri CHK n’ababikira. Ku itariki
ya 21 Kamena 2008 yakatiwe igihano cyo gufungwa imyaka mirongo itatu (30)254.
Kaporali Ndagijimana Frédéric, mwene Sebukware Léonard na Nyiranzige wavukiye mu kagari
ka Gasiza, akagari ka Gasiza, akarere ka Nyabihu intara Iburengerazuba washinje Ndayambaje
Stéphanie nawe yashyikirijwe ubutabera kugira ngo abazwe ibyaha bya Jenoside yakoreye muri
CHK birimo kwica umukobwa wa Sisi witwaga Umurungi Marie Antoinette na Nyirakuru
witwaga Mukankusi, kwica umuhungu wa Karekezi na Munyempanzi, ubufatanyacyaha mu
rupfu rw’abantu icyenda (9) biciwe muri camp Kigali n’urupfu rw’umusirikare wanyujijwe kuri
urgence bamukurura bakajya kumwicira kuri morgue. Kaporali Ndagijimana yakatiwe gufungwa
imyaka mirongo itatu ku itariki ya 21 Kamena 2008. Uru rubanza kandi rwaburanishije Premier
Sgt Ndeze, mwene Gashakiye Martin na Banyangandora Suzanne, wavukiye i Shyira mu karere
ka Nyabihu mu 1970. Yarezwe gusaka ibitaro, kugaba ibitero kuri CHK, ubufatanyacyaha na
Ndayambaje Stéphanie mu gukora urutonde rw’abagomba kwicwa muri CHK , gushinyagurira
imirambo n’urupfu rw’abantu icyenda biciwe muri camp Kigali, umutaximan wiciwe muri CHK,
umukobwa wa Sisi Evariste na Nyirakuru. Premier Sergent yahanishijwe gufungwa imyaka 30
kuwa 21 Kamena 2008. Uru rukiko rwanaburanishije Sergent Habimana na Kaporali Karasira ibi
byaha byavuzwe haruguru bakatirwa gufungwa imyaka mirong itatu 255.
253
Ikiganiro twagiranye na Uwingabe Julienne wakotse Jenoside, tariki ya 18 Ukwakira 2018.
Urukoko Gacaca rw’umurenge wa Nyarugenge, Nyarugenge, 2008
255
Idem
254
144
Mu ishuri ryisumbuye Lycée Notre Dame de Citeaux
Ku itariki 30 Mata 1994 ni bwo Abatutsi 15 bari biganjemo abarezi n’abandi bari bahungiye muri
Lycée Notre Dame de Citeaux bishwe.
Urwibutso rwa Jenoside yakorewe
Abatutsi rwiganjemo bamwe mu bari
abarezi n’abanyeshuri bazize Jenoside.
Ishusho yafashwe n’umushakashatsi
4.8.2. Segiteri ya Rugenge
Kuri tariki 7 Mata 1994, Habyarimana akimara gupfa, Colonel Renzaho Tharcisse yahise
ashyiraho ibihe bidasanzwe imujyi wa Kigali no muri Komini ya Nyarugenge by’umwihariko.
Icyari kigamijwe kwari ukubuza Abatutsi guhunga bityo bakicwa byihuse. Kuri buri sangano
ry’imihanda muri Segiteri ya Rugenge hahise hashyirwaho bariyeri ziyobowe n’Interahamwe
nkuru zabitojwe, hakiyongeraho izindi bariyeri zabaga mu midugudu hagati zirinzwe n’abaturage
zigamije guhumbahumba Abatutsi kugira ngo hatagira n’umwe ucika. Kuri iyo tariki twavuze
haruguru, bariyeri zikomeye zari aha hakurikira: bariyeri yo kuri Payage yari iyobowe na
Bagenzi, umuhungu wa Nzisabira François afatanije n’abavandimwe batanu, Uwimana alias
“Shitani” wari umurundi yafatanyaga n’abavandimwe aribo Mateso na Sadamu, Tene
waririmbaga muri orchestre “Les Huit Anges”, Kanyabikari n’abandi. Indi bariyeri yari iri kuri
SOPECYA winjira mu muhanda wa kaburimbo haruguru y’ahari banki ya Duterimbere 256. Indi
bariyeri yari mu Kanogo igamije gukumira Abatutsi yabuzaga Abatutsi bavuye i Gikondo
guhungira muri Sainte Famille. Iyi bariyeri yari ikomeye irindwa n’abasirikare. Kuri iyo bariyeri
ni ho abasirikari bari mu mutwe warindaga Habyarimana Juvénal barwanyije abasirikari
256
Ahari iyo bariyeri yinjiraga mu muhanda wa Kaburimbo iturutse ku muhanda wa Kabiri wa Rugenge, aho
winjiriraga ni ahubatse igorofa ricuruza ibikoresho by’ubwubatsi riri haruguu ya Duterimbere.
145
b’umuryango w’abibumbye MINUAR barindaga amahoro bahungishije Abatutsi babavana muri
Kiriziya y’Umuryango Mutagatifu babajyana mu duce twari twarigaruriwe na FPR muri gahunda
yo guhererekanya impunzi mu gihugu imbere. Bariyeri ikomeye yari yashyizwe imbere ya Hoteli
Panafrica yatangiraga ababaga baturutse ku Muhima bashaka guhungira kuri Kiriziya
y’Umuryango Mutagatifu cyangwa muri “Saint Paul”. Imbere y’ibarizo n’igaraji rya JOC hari
bariyeri irebana neza na Sitasiyo ya Essence ya GEMECA. Iyi bariyeri ntawabashaga
kuyinyuraho ahungiye kuri Sainte Famille. Indi bariyeri yari ku muhanda wa gatatu usohoka muri
Rugenge winjira muri Kaburimbo ahubatswe inyubako ya RSSB. Iyi bariyeri yari muri Serire
Bwahirimba igenzurwa n’Interahamwe yitwa Musambi Célestin waje guhungira muri zayire mu
wa 1994 ntiyagaruka. Uyu Musambi yakatiwe n’inteko y’urukiko gacaca rwa Bwahirimba
imyaka 17. Kuri iyi bariyeri wasangagaho kandi Interahamwe zitwa Joseph wo kwa Kinyata,
Eyadema n’abandi.
Inkiko Gacaca mu ikusanyamakuru zabavuzeho, maze uwitwa Eyadema ahita acika. Hakekwa ko
yaba yarasanze bene wabo baba mu gihugu cy’Ububirigi. Mugenzi we Joseph mwene Kinyata
aridegembya muri uyu mugi wa Kigali, ntiyigeze ahanwa. Ku kabare bitaga Las Vegas naho hari
bariyeri yari iyobowe na Faustin nyiri ako kabari. Faustin yahungiye muri Zayire ndetse igihe abo
bajyanye batahukaga we ntiyigeze agaruka. Hari ndetse abavuga ko atakiriho. Uyu nawe bariyeri
yari yarashyize imbere y’akabari ke, byatumye inteko y’urukiko gacaca imukatira igihano
adahari cy’imyaka myakumyabiri257.
4.8.2.1. Ahiciwe imbaga y’Abatutsi muri Segiteri ya Rugenge
Muri Segiteri ya Rugenge hiciwe Abatutsi benshi bari bahungiye mu bigo by’abihaye Imana biri
muri iyo Segiteri. Abahaguye si Abatutsi bari batuye muri iyo Segiteri gusa ahubwo hari n’abandi
babaga baturutse ahandi akaba ari na yo mpamvu igihe Jenoside yakorwaga habaye isibaniro
ry’abakonseye bayoboraga za Segiteri zari zikikije Segiteri ya Rugenge. Ku kiriziya
y’Umuryango Mutagatifu bita “Sainte Famille” ku itariki ya 7 Mata 1994 ni bwo abantu ba
mbere bahageze bahunze Interahamwe zari zatangiye kwinjira mu ngo z’Abatutsi. Icyo gihe
icyari kigamijwe kwari ukugira ngo bave mu ngo zabo bahurizwe ahantu hamwe bityo
257
Ubuhamya bwatanzwe n’abarokotse Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi bari batuye muri selire ya Bwahirimba.
Muhima, kuya 12 Gahyantare 2019.
146
Interahamwe n’abasirikare bafatanyaga kwica bitabagora kurangiza umugambi wo gutsemba
Abatutsi258.
Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi bari bahungiye mu Kigo cyigishaga Indimi “CELA”
Ikigo cyari gishinzwe kwigisha indimi Abapadiri Bera kitwa CELA cyabereyemo ubwicanyi
ndengakamere. Kuva ku itariki ya 7 Mata 1994 ingo z’Abatutsi bari batuye muri Rugenge
zaratewe bituma ba nyirazo bahunga. Uwo munsi Interahamwe zateye gerenade mu rugo rwa
Gahima Charles rwarimo Gahima Charles, abana be Jean de Dieu, Théophile, Gilbert, Valentine
Gahonzire na mushiki we Nyiramazi Josée. Bukeye bwaho kuwa 8 Mata ni bwo bigiriye inama
yo kuva mu rugo bagahungira muri CELA. Umuryango wa Gahima Charles uri mu bantu ba
mbere bageze mukigo cya CELA. Nyuma hagenda haza n’abandi. Benshi mu bari bahahungiye
niababanje guhungira mu macumbi y’Ababikira b’Umuryango w’Abizeramariya, mu rugo
rw’Ababibikira bita Abakarikuta no muri JOC. Itariki ya 22 Mata 1994 ubwo ubwicanyi
bwahakorerwaga hari impunzi zigera kuri 400.
Kuya 8 Mata abapadiri bera Irené Jacob na Jef Vleugels bakiriye abantu benshi bazaga babagana.
Ku itari ya 10 Mata abo ba padiri ni bwo bamenyesheje impunzi ko bagiye kuva i Kigali bakajya
i Butare. Kubera kwiheba kw’abari bahahungiye, impungenge zo kuba aho ngaho zariyongereye
bitewe n’uko Padiri Munyeshyaka yari yaraje gusaba izo mpunzi ngo zijye muri Kiriziya ndetse
no muri « Saint Paul ».
Kuya 12 Mata ni bwo abasirikare b’igihugu cy’Ubufaransa bari baraje guhungisha
abanyamahanga bahungishije abo bapadiri babageza i Butare Jenoside yari itaragera kugeza icyo
gihe259. Mu kugenda basigiye abari babahungiyeho imfunguzo z’inzu babagamo, ibikoresho
bakoreshaga mu nzu, ibiryo byo kubatunga bari basabye mu muryango utabara imbabare.
Babahaye kandi uburenganzira bwo gukoresha telefone kugira ngo bajye babawira amakuru yabo
ndetse y’abavandimwe babo batari bari kumwe aho ngaho. Padiri Jef Vleugels amaze kugera i
Butare yahamagaye umwe mu bo yari yasize aho babaga witwa Bitega Joseph amurangira aho
akura amafaranga yabafasha kubaho. Muri urwo rugo kandi harimo n’imbunda uwo mupadiri
258
259
Ubuhamya bwatanzwe n’Uwarokotse Jenoside muri Hotel des Milles Collines, Gashyantare 2019.
Ubuhamya bwatanzwe n’uwaharokokeye wahavuye mu ijoro ryo kuwa 16 Kamena. Muhima, Gashyantare 2019.
147
yari yasizemo 260. Ku itariki ya 15 Mata bamaze iminsi igera kuri itatu bagiye Padiri
Munyeshyaka yashatse kuza muri CELA ariko abari bashinzwe kuharinda baramwangira. Icyo
gihe yasubiyeyo arakaye kubera ko atabashije kubona imfunguzo z’urugo ba bapadiri bera
babagamo. Kuya 18 Mata na none Padiri Munyeshyaka yagarutse muri CELA ari kumwe n’undi
muntu binjira mu nzu y’aba bapadiri icyo basanzemo cy’agaciro babwira Bitega ko ari icyabo
kugeza no ku modoka abapadiri bari basize aho ngaho. Kuri iyo nshuro bagarutse batse Bitega
imfunguzo yari yasigiwe n’abapadiri bahabaga, ni uko baragenda.
Mu ijoro ryo kuya 21 Mata Padiri Munyeshyaka yaje muri CELA avugana na bamwe mu Bahutu
bari bahahungiye abasaba kwitandukanya n’Abatutsi, ndetse ababwira ko Interahamwe ejo
zizahatera. Mu gitondo nka 7:00, ku munsi ukurikiyeho nta muhutu wari ukirangwa muri
CELA261. Kuya 22 Mata 1994 saa tatu za mu gitondo, igitero simusiga kigizwe n’Interahamwe zo
muri Segiteri ya Rugenge cyane cyane Serire Kabasengerezi na Bwahirimba n’abasirikare
baherekejwe na Jean Bizimana wari Burugumesitiri wa Nyarugenge, Konseye Odette
Nyirabagenzi na Colonel Renzaho Tharcisse Majoro Munyakazi Laurent, Mukandutiye Angélina
cyateye muri CELA gihitana abantu 130262. Icyo gitero kiswe ‘igitero cy’Umuganda’ kuko
Interahamwe zibitegetswe na Perefe Renzaho Tharcisse zabanje gutema ibihuru byari aho muri
CELA.
Saa tatu zuzuye z’amanywa ni bwo igitero cy’Interahamwe zo muri Rugenge na Muhima zitwaje
intwaro gakondo, imbunda, impiri n’imihoro, zambaye amashati ya gisirikare, ingofero z’ibitenge
zinjiye mu muryango ugana muri CELA bategeka umugabo witwa Bitega Joseph warindaga muri
CELA gufungura urugi. Padiri Munyeshyaka yaje nyuma y’icyo gitero asanga umuganda
watangiye maze asanga Perefe Renzaho Tharcisse, Colonel Munyakazi Laurent, Konseye Odetta
Nyirabagenzi, na Angélina Mukandutiye, aho bari bahagaze. Interahamwe zimaze gutema ibyo
bihuru, Perefe Renzaho yaje kuzibwira ngo zisohore abantu bari mu mazu aho muri CELA maze
zibazane hanze. Ibyo bimaze kuba, babwiye abagore n’abagabo kwivangura maze batangira
260
Padiri Jef Vleugels yari asanzwe azwi mu Rwanda. Urugamba rwo kubohora u Rwanda rutangira mu Kwakira
1990, we na Padiri Guy Theunis banditse inyandiko zinyuranye zigaragaza ko bashyigikiye ubutegetsi bwariho mu
Rwanda icyo gihe. Nkuko bigaragara ku rubuga www.cnlg.gov.rw, Padiri Jef Vleugels wari umukuru w’Abapadiri
Bera mu karere u Rwanda ruherereyemo, yagiye asohora inyandiko zinyuranye zihakana nkana iyicwa ry’Abatutsi
bwakorwaga n’ubutegetsi bwa Habyarimana hirya no hino mu gihugu.
261
Ubuhamya bwatanzwe n’uwari wihishe muri CELA. Muhima, Mutarama 2019.
262
African Rights: Father Wenceslas Munyeshyaka: In the Eyes of the Survivors of Sainte Famille, 1999, p.77.
148
gusuzuma indangamuntu zabo. Ibyo bimaze gukorwa batoranyijemo abagabo n’abasore bagera
kuri 40 barimo Nyakwigendera Rwanga Charles n’abahungu be Degroot na Wilson, Majoro
Albert263 wari umunyamakuru kuri Radiyo Rwanda, Mujyiraneza wakoreraga Minisiteri
y’Imibereho Myiza y’Abaturage, Gahima Charles wakoraga muri MINIFOP, umuhungu we
Gahima Jean de Dieu wakoraga muri RWANDATEL, Sengayire Dieudonne umuhungu wa
Ukwishaka Willy, Safari Christophe, Gisara, Gihana n’abandi basore babasohora muri CELA,
Interahamwe zibinjiza ku ngufu mu modoka zari zihari, Perefe Renzaho avuga ko hari ibyo
bagiye kubazwa.
Imodoka icyo gihe zaberekeje ku cyicaro cya Jandarumori ku Muhima. Agihaguruka aho, Perefe
Renzaho yasize abwiye abari bahasigaye ko nta mupunzi ashaka muri CELA, ababwira ko
basubira mu ngo zabo cyangwa bakajya mu Kiriziya cy’Umuryango Mutagatifu. Padiri
Munyeshyaka nyuma ya saa sita yaje kugaruka muri CELA ari kumwe n’umusirikare wari ufite
ipeti rya Liyetona bongera kubwira abari muri CELA ko bagomba kuhava bagasubira mu ngo
zabo cyangwa se bagasanga abandi kuri Paruwasi. Bakimara kubyumva gutyo benshi muri bo
bahise bajya kuri Paruwasi ndetse no muri JOC batinya ko Padiri Munyeshyaka yakongera
akohereza Interahamwe muri CELA. Kwinjira mu Kiriziya kandi ntibyari byoroshye kubera ko
Interahamwe zemereraga kwinjira gusa uwabaga yishyuye amafaranga zamusabye. Hashize
iminsi ibiri igitero cyo muri CELA gitwaye abantu, ni kuya 24 Mata 1994, igitero
cy’Interahamwe zo muri Segiteri ya Rugenge muri Sserire Bwahirimba na Kabasengerezi
cyazanye na Colonel Munyakazi Laurent zitera Abatutsi bari barahungiye muri CELA zibasanze
muri JOC, abasore bagera kuri 17 264 bashyizwe mu modoka ya Colonel Munyakazi bakajya
kwicirwa ahandi.
Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi bari bahungiye mu Kigo cya Centre Pastoral “Saint Paul”
Kuwa 7 Mata ni bwo Impunzi zatangiye kwinjira muri Saint Paul cyane cyane Abatutsi bari
batuye muri Segiteri ya Rugenge. Muri icyo gihe bakomeje kuza ari benshi bakirwa neza na
Padiri Léopold Vermersch wayoboraga Saint Paul. Padiri CélestinHakizimana wari waraye muri
“Centre Christus” yahageze ku gicamunsi asanga hari abaturage benshi bahahungiye, afatanya na
263
Majoro Albert yaje kurokoka ubwo bwicanyi ariko Nyuma aza kwitaba Imana akoze Impanuka y’Imdoka.
Ubuhamya bwatanzwe n’uwarokotse ubwicanyi bwabereye muri JOC ahaamaze iminsi ibiri nyuma
yokwirukanwa muri CELA. Nyarugenge, Ukuboza 2018.
264
149
Padiri Léopold Vermersch kwita kuri izo mpunzi, basaranganya ibiringiti ndetse batangira no
kubaha amafunguro265. Ku itariki ya 12 Mata 1994 nibwo Padiri Léopold Vermersch wayoboraga
Saint Paul n’abapadiri bayoboraga CELA bahungishijwe n’abasirikare b’Abafaransa. Umunsi
wambere Interahamwe zitera muri “Centre Saint Paul”, Padiri Célestin yahise atabaza Perefe
Renzaho Tharcisse amusaba ko yamutabara byihutirwa, maze Perefe Renzaho aho kugira ngo
yumve icyo amusabye yamubwiye ko ahishe Inyenzi. Yahise amubwira ko abantu bari muri Saint
Paul abohereza muri Sainte Famille cyangwa se mu ngo zabo. Interahamwe zakomeje gushaka
kwinjira muri Saint Paul, Padiri Célestin aziha amafaranga ibihumbi mirongo itanu zirayanga,
zinjiramo zitwara abantu barindwi barimo umugabo witwa Rukundo wari umunyamakuru akaba
yari afite ishuri ryigisha imodoka266. Iteka iyo ibitero by’Interahamwe byazaga muri Saint Paul,
Padiri Célestin yambaraga ikanzu ya gipadiri, impunzi zikamenya ko Interahamwe zaje zikajya
kwihisha. Padiri Célestin yabanye n’abahungiye muri Saint Paul, ara bitangira ku buryo
bushoboka bwose kugirango Interahamwe zitabavutsa ubuzima.
Tariki 25 Mata 1994 Abatututsi bagabweho nanone igitero n’abasirikari bari bavuye ku rugamba
cyiswe “Wagiye”. Abo basilikare basohoye abantu bose babasaba kwerekana indangamuntu zabo
mu rwego rwo gutandukanya Abatutsi n’Abahutu bacye bari barahunze uduce twa Gisozi,
Gaculiro, Batsinda na Kami Inkotanyi zimaze kuhigarurira. Iyo basangaga uri umututsi bavugaga
ngo “Wagiye” bishatse kuvuga ngo na we uricwa. Uwo munsi Musenyeri Hakizimana
Célestinyaraje atwara abo basilikare abaha amafaranga barayagaya, maze Abatutsi bongera
gukusanya ayandi bayongera kuri ayo babona kugenda.
Ku itariki ya 14 Kamena igitero simusiga cyateye muri Saint Paul. Interahamwe ziturutse muri
Rugenge na Muhima ziri kumwe na ba Konseye Kamatamu Euphrasie na Nyirabagenzi Odette,
zateye mu Kigo Saint Paul ziza zitwaje urutonde rwa bamwe mu bari bahahungiye. Padiri
Célestin yaratakambye ariko bigeze aho ababwira ko nta muntu usohoka muri Saint Paul kubera
ko urutonde Interahamwe zitwaje rudasinyweho n’ubatumye abo bantu. Interahamwe zabwiye
Padiri ko nareba nabi na we bamwica.” Uwo munsi bajyanye Abatutsi basaga ijana biganjemo
abasore bajya kubica. Icyo gihe Interahamwe zasubiyeyo ariko zirakaye cyane. Hagana saa saba
265
Ubuhamya bwatanzwe n’uwari wahungiye muri Centre Pastoral Saint Paul nyuma akaza kujyanwa n’Inkotanyi
mu ijoro ryo kuwa 16 Kamena 1994, Nyarugenge, Mutarama 2019.
266
Africacan Rights, Father Wenceslas Munyeshyaka: In The Eyes of the Survivors of Sainte Famille, 1999, p.55
150
z’uwo munsi hagarutse cya gitero cyariye karungu gifite rwa rutonde ariko Perefe Renzaho
yamaze gushyiraho umukono we. Padiri Célestin abibonye aratakamba cyane Interahamwe
zimubwira ko nareba nabi na we bimujyiraho ingaruka. Uwo munsi batwaye Abatutsi bagera 100
biganjemo abagabo n’abasore bajya kubica. Hagati aho Interahamwe zakomeje kuza zigatwara
abantu zikajya kubica ndetse hari ubwo Padiri Célestin yazihaga amafaranga zigasubirayo.
Mu ijoro ryo kuwa 16 rishyira uwa 17 Kamena 1994, ingabo za FPR Inkotanyi zarokoye Abatutsi
bari bategereje urupfu ziyobowe na Major Kigofero. Muri iryo joro izo ngabo zaje ziherekejwe
na bamwe mu bari barahahungiye ariko bakaza guhungishwa na MINUAR muri gahunda
y’ihererekanya ry’impunzi z’imbere mu gihugu hagati ya guverinoma n’ingabo za FPR
Inkotanyi267. Inkotanyi zihageze bibwiye Abatutsi bahahungiye babanza gushidikanya ko ari
ingabo za FPR ariko nyuma bamaze kubona Harera abemeza ko ari Inkotanyi maze basubira
inyuma kubwira abandi kubyuka bagahungishwa n’Inkotanyi. Ingabo za FPR kandi ubwo zari
zimaze kurokora abari muri Saint Paul, zagerageje kurokora abari bihishe muri kiriziya
y’Umuryango Mutagatifu, Sainte Famille, ariko ntibyashoboka kubera ubwoba bw’abari
bihishemo baketse ko ari Interahamwe zije kubica nk’uko byari bimaze kuba akamenyero.
Bukeye bwaho, hari kuwa gatanu, ni bwo Padiri Muneshyaka yaje arakaye cyane yinjira mu
Kiriziya y’Umuryango Mutagatifu abwira abarimo ko Inyenzi zaraye zishe Abahutu bari mu kigo
Saint Paul, ababwira kandi ko ibyo zakoze baza kubyishyura. Ni bwo ku gica munsi cy’iyo tariki
ya 17 Kamena 1994, Interahamwe zateye mu kiriziya zica Abatutsi abarenga ijana 268.
Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi bari bahungiye muri Kiriziya y’Umuryango Mutagatifu
Sainte Famille
Mu gihe Jenoside yarimo ikorwa, Kiriziya y’Umuryango Mutagatifu «Sainte Famille» yabaye
isibaniro ry’abayobozi b’Interahamwe n’abasirikare kubera umubare munini w’Abatutsi bari
barahahungiye. Ku itariki ya 7 Mata 1994 nibwo abantu bambere bahageze bahunze Interahamwe
267
Abaherekeje abasirikari ba FPR Inkotanyi aho kuri Sainte Famille na St Paul ni Harera, Musafiri na
Ndengeyingoma
268
Ubuhamya bwatanzwe n’uwarokotse Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi wari wihishe mu Kiriziya cya Sainte Famille
nyuma akaza kujyanwa muri Hotel des Milles Collines.
151
zari zatangiye kwinjira mu ngo z’Abatutsi. Bariyeri zari zimaze gushyirwa ahantu hose h’ingenzi
hagomba gufasha Interahamwe kugota Abatutsi ngo bagume mu ngo zabo 269.
Impunzi zambere zihageze zakiriwe na Padiri Mwumvaneza Anaclet wari Padiri Mukuru wa
Paruwase y’Umuryango Mutagatifu, “Sainte Famille”. Ku itariki ya 8 Mata 1994 Interahamwe zo
muri Bwahirimba zashatse kwinjira mu kiriziya zishaka kwica Abatutsi maze Padiri Anaclet
Mwumvaneza azikoma imbere ariko zisubirayo zikubita agatoki ku kandi. Kuva icyo gihe
Interahamwe zitangira gushakisha Padiri Mwumvaneza zishaka kumwikiza. Abibonye atyo,
ahungira muri “Saint Paul”. Kuva ubwao Padiri Munyeshyaka Wenceslas nibwo yatangiye
kugaragara nka padiri uyoboye Paruwasi avuga cyangwa agakora icyo ashaka. Ku itariki ya 15
Mata 1994 nibwo igitero simusiga kinjiye mu kiriziya gihitana abagera ku 120 barimo abagab
n’abasore. Interahamwe n’abasirikare binjiye mu kiriziya bafite urutonde batangira guhamagara,
bigaragara ko urutonde rwari rwakozwe mbere y’uko ubwicanyi bukorwa.
Mbere y’iyo tariki nko kuya 13 cyangwa 14 Mata, Perefe Renzaho, Konseye Odette
Nyirabagenzi, Angélina Mukandutiye, Patrick Havugimana wari umupolisi kuri Segiteri ya
Muhima, Interahamwe bitaga Habintwari Pascal alias Shitani yo muri Rugenge, Joseph
Simparinka Burugumesitiri Bizimana n’abandi basirikare bahuye kenshi na Padiri270. Habintwari
Pascal uvugwa hamwe na Padiri Munyeshyaka ni Umurundi wakoraga akazi ko gusiga amarangi.
Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Rugenge wamureze ubwicanyi bunyuranye muri Nyarugenge
no gusambanya abagore ku gahato kandi ibyaha yarezwe byaramuhamye. Yahanishijwe
gufungwa burundu y’umwihariko ariko ubutabera ntibwabashije kumenya aho aherereye ngo
ahanirwe ibyaha yakoze271.
Mbere y’icyo gitero Padiri Munyeshyaka we na Konseye Odetta Nyirabagenzi nibo banonosoye
urutonde rw’abagombaga kwicwa. Ikindi kandi n’uko hari ikaye yandikwagamo abari aho bose
nayo ikaba yarifashishijwe mu kumenya neza Abatutsi bari batuye muri Segiteri ya Muhima na
Rugenge bari bahungiye mu Kiriziya.
269
Ubuhamya bwatanzwe n’Uwarokotse Jenoside muri Hotel des Milles Collines, Gashyantare 2019.
270
African Right, Father Wenceslas Munyeshyaka: In the Eyes of the Survivors of sainte Famille, 1999, p. 6.
271
Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Rugenge, Nyarugenge, 2007
152
Nk’uko umwe mu bategarugori wahigwaga wari kuri urwo rutonde yabitubwiye muri aya
magambo: «Ku itariki ya 15 Mata hagana saa tatu ni bwo igitero cy’Interahamwe kinjiye mu
Kiriziya yitiriwe Umuryango Mutagatifu. Benshi muri izo Nterahamwe zari zabambaye amashati
ya gisirikare, bafite imbunda, amagerenade n’imihoro. Bari bafite urutonde rwanditseho
amazina y’abo bashakaga. Batangira guhamaga umwe umwe, uwo babonye bakamushyira ku
murongo. Hakurikiyeho kwerekana indangamuntu zabo, abo basanze ari Abahutu barabihoreye.
Abatutsi batangira kubazirikira hamwe bakoresheje amashati bari bambaye babakoresha
umurongo umwe. Bongeye kugaruka kunshaka ndabihorera dore ko byari binagoye kubona
umuntu kubera ko twari benshi. Nyuma barasohotse ariko basiga babwiye Padiri Munyeshyaka
ko agerageza gushyira Abahutu ukwabo n’Abatutsi ukwabo. Ako kanya ntibyatinze, imbunda
hanze zitangira kuvuga bica abantu benshi kuri uwo munsi, imirambo yari inyanyagiye mu
mbuga ya kiriziya. Barangije kwica bagenda bigamba ko abagore aribo batahiwe»272.
Muri iki gitero na none, abasirikari bayobowe na Colonnel Renzaho Tharcisse na Majoro
Munyakazi Laurent binjiye mu kiriziya batwara Abatutsi batazwi umubare mu modoka za
Komini ya Nyarugenge bajya kubicira mu rugo rwa Iyaremye Stratoni babajugunya mu cyobo
cyiswe “CND”. Icyo gihe Karemera Ali, Marcellin na Hitayezu Emmanuel bahise bicwa ku
ikubitiro kuko bari mu batutsi bashakishwaga cyane muri Segiteri ya Rugenge. Ku muryango
imbere ya kiriziya hari bariyeri y’Interahamwe. Interahamwe zari ziyiriho nta we zemereraga
kwinjira mu kiriziya atazihaye amafaranga. Imbere mu kiriziya naho Interahamwe zari zirimo
ziyoberanyije kugirango zimenye neza aho Abatutsi bihishe. Inzugi za Kiriziya zirirwaga
zifunguwe zigafungwa nimugoroba kugirango byorohere Interahamwe kwinjira no gukuramo
Abatutsi ngo zibice cyangwa se urujya n’uruza rw’Abahutu babaga bagiye mu mujyi cyangwa se
kurema isoko. Ikindi cyatumaga bafunga inzugi nijoro ni ukugira ngo Abatutsi bahoraga
bategereje urupfu batabona uburyo bahunga.
Muri Kamena, ubwo abasirikare ba MINUAR batangizaga igikorwa cyo guhererekanya impunzi
z’imbere mu gihugu bajyanwa mu bice bifuza ari cyarindwaga n’abasirikare ba Habyarimana
cyangwa se aho abasirikare ba FPR bagenzuraga, hishwe abantu batagira ingano biturutse kuri
Padiri Munyeshyaka Wenceslas. Padiri Munyeshyaka yasabye abantu bose bari bahungiye muri
Kirizizya kwiyandika ku rutonde bakurikije aho bifuza guhungira. Iki gikorwa cyagize ingaruka
272
Ubuhamya bwatanzwe n’umutegarugori wari washyizwekuri urwo rutonde. Bwahirimba, Gashyantare 2019.
153
ebyiri: iya mbere n’uko umubare w’Abatutsi bari bahahungiye wahise umenyekana mu buryo
budashidikanywaho ku buryo kubavangura n’abandi bari bahahungiye byari byoroshye. Ikindi
cya kabiri Padiri Munyeshyaka utigeze wishimira iyo gahunda yo guhererekanya impunzi yahise
ashyikiriza Colonel Renzaho Tharcisse n’abandi bayobozi b’Interahamwe 273 urutonde rw’abari
bahisemo guhungira mu duce twagenzurwaga na FPR. Uru rutonde nirwo rwifashishijwe mu
kujonjora abatusti igihe cyose iyo habaga hagiye kuba ubwicanyi.
Igitero cyari kigamije kwihimura kuko Inkotanyi zari zaraye zitwaye bamwe mu mpunzi zari
zahungiye muri Saint Paul cyagabwe ku Batutsi bari barahungiye mu Kiriziya y’Umuryango
Mutagatifu kuya 17 Kamena 1994. Padiri Munyeshyaka yabanje kuza mu kiriziya abwira
impunzi ko Inkotanyi zaraye zije muri “Saint Paul” zica Abahutu zirangije zitwara Abatutsi.
Ababwira ko uko byagenda kose bitegura kubyishyura arangije aragenda. Hagana saa ine za
mujyitondo, Interahamwe zinjiye muri kiriziya y’Umuryango Mutagatifu ziyobowe na Angéline
Mukandutiye arikumwe na Colonel Munyakazi Laurent, Konseye Odetta Nyirabagenzi n’abandi
basirikare babanje guhura na Padiri Munyeshyaka nyuma binjira mu Kiririziya bica abagera kuri
mirongo irindwi n’abandi birukaga bahunga ubwicanyi bwahaberaga. Imirambo y’abo bantu yari
inyanyagiye mu kiriziya ndetse no hanze mu kibuga.
Mbere y’uko Interahamwe zitangira kwica, Colonel Munyakazi na Angéline Mukandutiye binjiye
mu kiriziya noneho Mukandutiye yerekeza kuri Aritari bitaga muri CND kubera ko Abatutsi
benshi ariho bari bihishe. Mukandutiye yahasanze umutegarugori wari uhihishe witwa
Mukamusenyi Thèrese bamenyanye kuva mu 1978. Angéline Mukandutiye yabwiye Thèrese ngo
namwereke abasore baraye barasa muri Rugenge mu ijoro ryakeye. Thérèse yamusubije ko
atabazi kandi amubaza ukuntu umuntu umaze igihe kirekire atarya yabasha kurasa abantu. Bahise
batangira guhamagara amazina yari yanditse ku rutonde bari bafite, batangira gutoranya abagabo
n’abasore bajya kubica. Muri abo kandi batwaye abana b’inkumi barimo Umutoni Hyacinthe
Rwanga wari waranze kuryamana na Padiri Munyeshyaka bicirwa aho ako kanya, abagore
n’abana barira cyane, imiborogo ari yose. Imibiri yabo yamaze iminsi ibiri imbere ya Kiriziya.
Nyuma y’ubwo bwicanyi bwabereye mu Kiriziya y’Umuryango Mutagatifu, Padiri Munyeshyaka
273
Abahisemo kujya mu gice cyari cyarigaruriwe na FPR batashoboye kugenda umunsi wambere barishwe cyane kubera ko hari
hamaze kumenyekana amazina yabo. Igihe MINUAR yatwaraga abantu, baheraga kuri A kuburyo A atashoboraga kujyana na U
kabone niyo baba ari abavandimwe cyangwa se umwe ari umubyeyi w’undi.
154
yagarutse mu kiriziya abwira impunzi ko gahunda yo kujyana abantu mu gice bifuza yongeye
gusubukurwa 274.
Urwibutso
rwa
Jenoside
yakorewe abatutsi biciwe muri
Kiziya
y’umuryango
Mutagatifu no mu nkengero
zayo (segiteri ya Muhima,
Rugenge,
Nyarugenge
n’abandi bari bahahungiye).
Ishusho
n’umushakashatsi
yafashwe
Padiri Munyeshyaka yagiye aburizamo kenshi igikorwa MINUAR yabaga yateguye cyo kujyana
impunzi aho zahisemo, agamije kwicisha Abatutsi ngo kugira ngo batajya gufasha FPR-Inkotanyi
urugamba zarwanaga n’abasirikare b’Inzirabwoba. Amaze kumenya ko abanyamakuru na
MINUAR bazasura impunzi zari muri “Sainte Famille”, yaje kubwira abasore bamwe bari
basigaye bataricwa ngo baze bakure imirambo aho ngaho bayishyire mu igaraje rya “Economat
Général” abizeza ko igihe MINUAR izagaruka mu gikorwa cyo gutwara abantu ari bo bazagenda
mbere.
274
Ubuhamya bwatanzwe n’uwarokokeye ku Kiriziya cy’Umuryango Mutagatifu, Mutarama 2019.
155
Padiri Wenceslas Munyeshyaka
yitwaje imbunda yo mu bwoko
bwa
“Pistolet”
yakunze
kuburizamo
gahunda
y’Abasirikari ba MINUAR mu
guhererekanya impunzi zifuzaga
guhungira
mu
duce
FPR
Inkotanyi yagenzuraga.
Ishusho yavanywe ku murandasi.
Igitangaje niuko igihe MINUAR yari yaje gutwara abantu yababujije kujya mu modoka ndetse
bamwe muri bo bishwe Kuwa 19 Kamena 1994. Kuri iyo tariki Padiri Munyeshyaka yakiriye
Colonel Munyakazi na Angélina Mukandutiye. Nyuma yaho binjiye mu kiriziya batoranyamo
abasore 17 n’abandi bari bakuye muri JOC baburiza imodoka ya Colonel Munyakazi bavuga ko
hari ibyo bagiye kubabaza. Muri abo, harimo abasore Padiri Munyeshyaka yari yemereye ko
MINUAR nigaruka ari bo bazagenda ariko nyuma yaje kubabuza. Umusore witwa Gasongo ni
umwe mu babujijwe kurira imodoka za MINUAR washyizwe mu modoka ya Colonel
Munyakazi.
4.8.2.2. Abafashije Abatutsi kurokoka muri Segiteri ya Rugenge
Bamwe mu bantu babashije guhisha abantu no kubafasha kurokoka muri Segiteri ya Rugenge ni
Ngoboka Innocent bitaga Rive, Bahati bitaga mama Kito, Claudine wo mu Bikuri. Aba bafashije
abantu benshi kugera mu kigo cy’ivugabutumwa cya Saint Paul na Sainte Famille n’ubwo muri
abo bahahungiye abenshi bahaguye. Undi wafashije abantu cyane kurokoka ni Musenyeri
Célestin Hakizimana wari Padiri icyo gihe kuri Paruwasi ya Saint Famille, yungirije umupadiri
wayoboraga ikigo cya Saint Paul.
156
4.8.3. Segiteri ya Muhima
Jenoside itangira muri Segiteri ya Muhima, hashyizwe bariyeri mu duce dutandukanye twa
Muhima. Bariyeri zashyizwe aha hakurikira: kwa Simba Gakondo bahitaga kumuhanda wa
demokarasi, yari iyobowe na Dirijerari Munyazikwiye. Bariyeri Kukiraro cyo ku Kinamba
yayoborwaga na Kabirigi Elisé wri umukozi wa MININTER mu biro byatangaga impushya zijya
mu mahanga (Pasiporo). Uyu Kabirigi yaranzwe n’ubugome ndengakamere kuko mu gihe cya
Jenoside yagendanaga imbunda nto ya masotera ndetse akitwaza n’icumu agashimishwa no
gusonga ababaga bamaze kwicwa.
Indi bariyeri yari ku muhanda winjira ahubatse ibitaro bya Muhima iyobowe na Gakwerere
Martin waje kugwa muri gereza. Bariyeri yo kuri Yamaha ku muhanda ujya ahitwa kwa Kiruhura
iyobowe na Rumanura Tharcisse, bariyeri yo kuri Bar Amahoro haruguru gato yo kwa Kabuga.
Bariyeri yo kwa Simburudari bitaga CDR yariho uwitwa Sekanyambo Jonathan na Ndakaza
Enest, bariyeri yo ku gahanda kinjira mu Itetero kagana mu Cyahafi. Bariyeri yo kuri Poids
Lourds yariho uwitwa Nyamuda Appollinaire, bariyeri yo ku gahanda kerekezaga munsi y’ishuri
ribanza rya Muhima. Rutaganira na Bajeneza murumuna wa Mugenzi Justin bagenzuraga bariyeri
hafi ya zose kuko Bajeneza yari umuyobozi wa serire.
4.8.3.1. Ahiciwe Abatutsi benshi muri Segiteri ya Muhima
Mu gihe cya Jenoside muri Segireti ya Muhima Abatutsi benshi biciwe ku Kinamba kuri Poids
Lourd. Hiciwe abagore benshi bari batwite ku buryo bw’agashinyaguro. Abari kuri iyo bariyeri
bajyaga bajugunya abagore batwite baturutse hejuru kuri icyo kiraro bagasandarira mu muhanda
wo hasi. Ahandi ni ku rusengero rw’abadiventiste, mu Kabirizi kwa Munyazikwiye bitaga
“Dirijerari” wari umuyobozi mukuru muri MINPLAN, Nyabugogo hafi y’ibagiro ry’amatungo,
mu ihuriro ry’umuhanda ujya mu Itetero na Cyahafi, ku irembo ry’inzu ya Kabuga, ku muhanda
ujya ku Kinamba hafi ya Yamaha. Ahandi Abatutsi bari batuye hano biciwe ni mu kiriziya ya
Sainte Famille, kuri Saint Paul, kuri CELA kuko ari ho bari bagerageje guhungira.
Mu bari ku isonga y’ubwo bwicanyi muri Segiteri ya Muhima ni Mukandutiye Angélina,
Nyirabagenzi Odetta na Commandant wa Jandarumori Munyakazi Laurent, Kamatamu
157
Euphrasie275, Simba Gakondo, Hussein alias Rongolongo, Rwarakabije Paul, Kabirigi Elisé,
Rutaganira, Munyeshyaka Wenceslas, Porokireri Munyensanga, Murenzi Callixte, Habinshuti
Léandre, Bisangwa David n’abandi.
Hamwe muhajugunywe Abatutsi mu gihe cya Jenoside ni kuri Poids Lourds, CND Rugenge no
wa Munyankindi bahataburuye imibiri myinshi. Uyu Munyankindi yari yaragerageje guhisha
abantu hanyuma abaturanyi be baza kumurega ku Nterahamwe nyuma ziza kubicira iwe. Abandi
Batutsi benshi bari batuye muri Segiteri ya Muhima biciwe aho bari bahungiye muri Kiriziya
yitiriwe Umuryango Mutagatifu, muri Saint Paul, muri CELA no mu kigo cy’Ababikira
b’Abakarikuta. Ahandi ni kwa Ibambasi, abandi bicirwa kwa Kayumba Demeyo banajugunywa
mu cyobo cyari muri urwo rugo. Imibiri y’Abatutsi bishwe muri Segiteri ya Muhima yajugunywe
mu Mugezi wa Nyabugogo, Nyabarongo ahitwa mu Ruriba no mu irimbi rya Kabeza i
Nyamirambo. Amakuru twahawe na bamwe mu bacitse ku icumu ni uko mu byahoze ari Serire
Nyabugogo na Tetero hakiri imibiri ishyinguye mu ngo n’indi itarabashije kuboneka n’ubu
igishakishwa ababishe badashaka kuvuga aho bayishyize276.
4.8.3.2. Iyicarubozo ryakorewe Abatutsi muri Segiteri ya Muhima
Iyica rubozo ryakozwe muri Segiteri ya Muhima mu buryo butandukanye. Interahamwe zafashe
abagore batwite zikabacurika umutwe hejuru ku kiraro cya “Poid lourd” maze bakabarekura
bagasandarira kuri kaburimbo y’umuhanda unyuze munsi y’icyo kiraro. Gufata abagore ku ngufu
barangiza bakabajomba ibiti mu nda ibyara. Izindi ngero n’Abatutsi bajugunyaga mu misarani
bagihumeka. Kubica ntibabahwanye bakajya baza kubasonga n’imbwa zikaza kubahunahuna.
Muri Serire Kabasengerezi, hari imiryango yatwikiwe mu mazu bumva hanyuma imirambo
ijugunywa misarani.
Muri Segiteri ya Muhima hari Abahutu bagerageje gukiza Abatutsi barimo kwicwa. Muri bo
twavuga nka Mukashyaka Joséphine wakijije Simburudari Théodore, na we yaramwituye amuha
inka. Uwo kandi yakijije uwitwa Rusagara Paul n’umuryango we.
275
Kamatamu Euphrasie n’umugabo we Habyarimana Thomas barafashwe baburanishwa nurukiko rwa mbere
rw’iremezo rwa Nyarugenge, bakatirwa igihano cya burundu. Nyuma baje kugwa muri gereza ku mpamvu
z’uburwayi.
276
Ubuhamya bwatanze na Epaprodite Nyiringondo na Benoite Gakwaya, Muhima kuwa 02 Ugushyingo 2018.
158
Nyirabayovu Teresa bita “Nyakurongorwirijoro” yagize ubutwari bwo guhisha imiryango
y’Abatutsi igera ku munani (8).
4.8.4. Segiteri ya Biryogo
Inkuru y’urupfu rwa Perezida Habyarimana imaze Kumenyekana, Abayobozi b’ingabo mu Kigo
cya gislikare cya Kigali bafatanije n’abayobozi b’inzego z’ibanze ba Segiteri ya Biryogo
bategetse ko hashyirwaho bariyeri mu duce dutandukanye. Guhera ubwo, bariyeri zirinzwe
n’interahamwe zashyizwe imbere y’ishuri rya Lycée de Kigali, ku muryango wa ruguru,
agahanda gatungukaga mu Kizungu hashyizweho bariyeri bitegetswe na Ababona.
Bariyeri yo kwa Rutuku Thomas hagati ya Biryogo na Kiriziya ya Mutagati Stefano Wera,
bariyeri yo ku muhanda munsi ya kiriziya ya Mutagatifu Stefano wera ku “Bisima”. Indi bariyeri
yari ku muhanda wa Paul VI yatangiraga aberekeza cyangwa bava mu Kizungu. Uturutse mu
gahanda ko kwa Nyiranuma aho gasohokera kinjira ku ruhande rwo kwa Mayaka hari
harashyizwe bariyeri. Mu marembo y’ivuriro bita kwa «Nyiranuma» yari iyobowe na Mapengu
Ramazani. Ku isoko rya Biryogo na ho hari harashyizweho bariyeri. Aho bitaga kwa Kayabo
w’umurundi na ho hari bariyeri.
Mu Gatare haruguru y’amashuri naho hashyizwe bariyeri, ku musigiti wa Rwampara harashyirwa
indi yagenzurwaga na Kalisiti Karingene n’uwitwa Rwankubito. Haruguru yo kwa Petero
Célestin Rwigema277 hari bariyeri yategekwaga n’umugabo w’umusilamu witwa Yunusu. Kwa
Cyabakanga hari harashyizwe bariyeri yariho uwitwa Gatera Haldi, Habimana Abuba,
Habyarimana Assumani, Karimunda Djafari n’abandi. Indi bariyeri yari yarashyizwe imbere yo
kwa Kitonsa indi ishyirwa imbere yo kwa Mudandi Michel 278. Kuri Segiteri Biryogo naho
hashyizweho bariyeri yarindwaga na Kalisiti Karingene. Wigiye imbere, wageraga kuri bariyeri
yayoborwaga n’uwitwa Anatole hiciwe Kabayiza Raymond wakoraga mu icapiro rikuru
ry’igihugu (INR). Bariyeri yo kwa Sebarera irindwa na we; yatangiraga Abatutsi guhungira ku i
Rebero. Kwa Kanyaruhengeri kuri Mirongo ine hashyizwe bariyeri yarindwaga n’Interahamwe
n’abasirikare. Bariyeri yo mu Kinyambo kwa Gatarayiha, bariyeri yo munsi y’umusigiti hafi yo
277
278
Uyu yigeze kuba Minisitiri w’Intebe w’u Rwanda ; ubu ni umudepite wa EALA
Uyu yahoze akora kuri Radiyo Rwanda ku buhanga bw’ibyuma.
159
kwa Isacar yarindwaga n’uwo bitaga “Fresh” abahiciwe bajugunywe mu cyobo bamenagamo
amavuta ya moteri, indi bariyeri yari muri Tarinyota279 hafi y’amagaraje.
4.8.4.1. Abayoboye ubwicanyi muri Segiteri ya Biryogo
Abayoboye ubwicanyi muri Segiteri ya Biryogo harimo Nsengiyumva Pierre wahabwaga
amabwiriza na Ugeziwe Uzziel bitaga «Mwarimu», Rubyigiri wari umuserire, Nyirabashyitsi
umugore wa Gatarayiha, Ababona wari umukozi wa MINEPRISEC na Séraphine Mukantabana
wari ushinzwe amasomo muri Lycée ya Kigali. Rukundakuvuga, Konseye Karekezi Hamri,
Karekezi Karori bari bashinzwe kugenzura igice cya Biryogo na Rwampara, Gatare ndetse no
muri Kariyeri. Uwitwa Amerika Issa wakoraga ku biro bya Komini ya Nyarugenge na Ngeze
Hassan na bo bakoraga igenzura ry’uko ubwicanyi buri gushyirwa mu bikorwa. Bafashwaga
kandi n’uwari umunyamabanga wa segiteri Karinkene Kalisiti, Byandagara Théophile n’undi
witwa Babuzinturo Djuma wafashaga mu gikorwa cyo guha abaturage imbunda no kumenya aho
zikenewe. Abandi bagaragaye cyane n’umugore witwa Uwiragiye Jacquérine, Ndayitabi na
Karimunda Djafar. Ababona na madamu we Séraphine, Nyirabashyitsi na Sibomana wari
umuporisi wa Komini ya Nyarugenge ni bo bari bashinzwe kumenya uko ubwicanyi bugenda mu
Rugunga.
4.8.4.2. Ahiciwe Abatutsi benshi muri Segiteri ya Biryogo
Muri Segiteri ya Biryogo, Abatutsi biciwe ku biro bya Segiteri Biryogo ubu akaba ari icyicaro
cy’Akagali ka Rwampara ahajugunywe imibiri irenga ijana. Iyo mibiri yakuwemo ijya
gushyingurwa ku Gisozi. Imodoka ni zo zabazanaga zibakuye hirya no hino. Ahandi ni kwa
Imakulata hafi gato y’ahahoze ibiro bya Segiteri ya Biryogo na ho hajugunywe imibiri
y’Abatutsi280. Kwa Claver Gasirabo wakoraga muri Ambasade y’Abanyamerika naho haguye
abantu bo mu muryango we bari bavuye hirya no hino bamuhungiyeho. Ahandi haguye abantu
benshi ni kwa Mudandi Michel wakoraga kuri Radiyo Rwanda. Mu Ishuri rya CETAI281
Rugunga hari icyobo cyamenwagamo amavuta ya moteri cyajugunywemo Abatutsi. Mu ishuri
ryisumbye rya “Lycée de Kigali” naho haguye abakozi, abarezi ndetse n’imiryango yabo.
279
Hashobora kuba hari ibyobo byajugunywemo abantu batigeze bashyingurwa.
Amazina yabo namara kumenyekana neza hakwiye gushyirwa ikimenyetso kigaragaza abahiciwe.
281
Ishuri ryigishaga gukanika no gutwara imodoka.
280
160
Urwibutso
rwa
Jenoside
yakorewe abatutsi rwiganjemo
abari
Abarezi,
Abakozi
n’Abanyeshuri bigaga muri
Lycée de Kigali.
Ishusho
n’umushakashatsi
yafashwe
Ibitero by’Interahamwe biza kubica bishwe batakambira uwitwa Séraphine Mukantabana wari
umuyobozi ushinzwe amasomo muri iryo shuri akaba we n’umugabo we Ababona ari bo bahaga
Interahamwe amabwiriza.
4.8.4.3. Iyicarubozo ryakorewe Abatutsi muri Segiteri ya Biryogo
Urupfu rwa Sebera Antoine282 wigeze gufungwa mu byitso aregwa kuba yari atunze imbunda.
Sebera yavaga iwe aho yari atuye i Gikondo ashaka guhungira mu kigo cy’Umuryango Utabara
Imbabare w’Ababirigi cyari mu Rugunga. Interahamwe n’abaturage b’i Gikondo bamubonye
baza bamwirukankana banavuza induru nk’abahigi bavumbuye inyamaswa. Icyo gihe yasaga
n’uwabasize kuko bamubonye amaze kurenga kuri bariyeri yari hagati ya «Lycée de Kigali» na
«CSK». Hari n’indi yari imbere y’inzu y’abanyakanada na yo abari bayiriho ntibari
bakimubonye. Antoine Sebera akigera ku rugi rw’ikigo cy’umuryango utabara imbabare
w’ababirigi, Interahamwe zo hakurya i Gikondo zakomeje kuvuza induru n’izari zirinze bariyeri
yo kuri CSK n’iyari imbere y’inzu y’abanyakanada ziza zimwiruka inyuma izindi
ziramutangatanga. Akihagera yashatse kurira urupangu umuzamu waho witwaga Galikani
amukubita umuhoro Sebera agwa hasi inyuma y’igipangu. Galikani na bagenzi be bari bavuye
282
Ubuhamya twahawe n’umuturagewari utuye mu Rugunga mujyihe habaga ubwicanyi, Nyarugenge Nzeri 2018.
161
kuri za bariyeri batangira kumutema no kumukubita za mpongano abasaba imbabazi
barazimwima maze aba ashizemo umwuka. Galikani Yahise amukuramo mafaranga menshi ni
uko ahita acikira iwabo mu cyaro. Izo Nterahamwe kandi zamwishe agashinyaguro kuko
zamwambuye imyenda n’inkweto yari yambaye zikamusigira umwambaro w’imbere 283.
Kabayiza Raymond 284 wiciwe kuri bariyeri yo kwa Anatole Nsengiyumva yari umugabo
muremure ufite ingoto nini. Interahamwe zirafashe ingoto zirangije zikegeta ijosi umutwe uvaho
igihimba gisigara gihirima ukwacyo.
Hitimana murumuna w’uwitwa Issa wishwe acumiswe ibyuma. Bamwica ntiyahise ahwana kuko
Interahamwe zakomeje kujya ziza ndetse ziri kumwe n’abana b’abahungu bakiri bato bakomeza
kumujomba ibyuma aho bashatse kugeza ashizemo umwuka.
Safari wari umudozi mwene Buhigiro yishwe na we abanje kwamburwa ubusa, atambagizwa
Biryogo yose bamuvugiriza induru.
Semadimba wari umushoferi wa Musenyeri Sebununguri na Munana wayoboraga ikigo
cy’abaporoso cyitwa CEFORMI i Gikondo bishwe urw’agashinyaguro. Ubwo bari baje kwihisha
mu Kiriziya Stefano Wera n’imiryango yabo, Interahamwe zarahabasanze zibajyana ahitwa kwa
Belina Urayeneza hafi ya bariyeri yo kwa Rutuku Thomas. Interahamwe zabategetse kwicukurira
maze barangije bahambwa babona. Icyo gihe bicwa ubwicanyi bwasaga n’aho bugiye guhagarara
kuko Inkotanyi zari zageze hose mu mujyi Interahamwe zatangiye guhunga. Abana umunani
bishwe n’Interahamwe ziyobowe na Karimunda Djafar zibahonze ku nkuta z’inzu.
Gilbert wari umwarimu muri Ecole Française, Interahamwe zamwambitse amasashi maze
zimusukaho lisansi zimukongezaho umuriro. Yagiye yirukanka agana mu kigo cy’Umuryango
Mpuzamahanga Utabara Imbabare ari na ko ataka cyane agera yo yahiye umubiri wose abura
ubuvuzi nyamara hari abaganga bavuraga abandi, aza gupfa nyuma y’iminsi itatu.
283
Ubuhamya twahawe na Mukamugema Liberata wari warahungiye ku muryango utabara imbabare w’Ababirigi,
Nyarugenge, Nzeri 2018.
284
Kabayiza Raymond ni umwe mu bamenyekanishije umukino wa basketball mu Rwanda. Yarayikinnye, aba
umutoza wayo ndetse ari mu bashinze ikipe ya basket ya Espoir.
162
Théophile wakoraga muri BCR wari warashakanye na Gatarina na we yishwe urubozo mu Gatare
hafi y’ahubatswe ivuriro. Interahamwe zabanje kumuha imigozi ngo yambare Karuvati kuko
yakundaga kurimba. Birangiye bamufashe akanwa bamusukira inkari zabo babaga bashyize mu
bidomoro. Bamaze kumushinyagurira bamwicisha amabuye.
4.8.5. Segiteri ya Nyamirambo
Inkuru y’urupfu rwa Perezida Habyarimana ikimara kumenyekana muri segiteri ya Nyamirambo
interahamwe zahise zihutira gushyiraho bariyeri mu duce dutandukanye. Bariyeri zashyizwe aha
hakurikira: bariyeri yo kwa François Karera aho yari atuye ku Kivugiza yayoborwaga n’abapolisi
batatu mu barindaga François Karera. Iyi bariyeri yari iriho n’abaturage batuye hafi aho kandi
niyo yari ikuriye izindi285. Abayoboraga andi mabariyeri niho bazaga gutanga raporo yerekeye
ibimaze gukorwa ni ukuvuga abamaze kwicwa n’abasigaye bagishakishwa. Aha ni ho
abayoboraga ubwicanyi muri Kivugiza na Gatare bakuraga amasasu yakoreshwaga n’andi
mabariyeri. Niho kandi hakorerwaga amalisiti y’Abatutsi batuye ku Kivugiza. Hicirwaga
Abatutsi bavugwaga ko bakoranaga n’Inkotanyi.
Iyi bariyeri yaguyeho Mariyana umugore wa Rukemampunzi, Murekezi Joseph umugabo wa
Mukagasana Yolanda n’abana be n’abandi barashwe n’umupolisi wari waravuye i Butamwa
arinda François Karera. Abo bantu bakimara kwicwa imodoka yatundaga imirambo yaraje
ibajyana mu cyobo cyo ku irimbi rya Kabeza aho bajugunyaga imirambo.
Bariyeri yari iri imbere y’akabari ka Kahabaye Joseph ahiwe uwitwa Purisi n’abakobwa ba
Kagirigiri bamaze kubafata ku ngufu. Bariyeri yo kwa Baziruwiha Gaspard mu ikorosi rya
Rwarutabura mu ihuriro ry’imihanda uva Kivugiza n’undi uturuka mu Rwampara. Yari iyobowe
na Gaspard Baziruwiha afatanyije na Ntizisigwa Andereya alias Gicumba. Abo bagabo babaga
bafite imbunda bagafashwa n’abaturage bari batuye aho ngaho. Interahamwe zo hakurya mu
Rugarama na Rwampara na zo zazaga kubafasha.
Bariyeri yo ku Ryanyuma hafi yo kwa Jacquéline 286 yari iyobowe n’Interahamwe,
Impuzamugambi ndetse n’abo bitaga inkuba. Abaturage babaga batuye mu mazu ya “Caisse
Hypothécaire” nabo babaga bayiriho. Yari munsi ya Mont Kigali, hejuru hari abasirikare ba
285
286
Ababaga badafite imbunda iyo bavumburaga abantu bajyaga kubwira aba bapolisi bakaza kubafasha.
Yari afite akabare aho bita ku Ryanyuma. Na we yaje kwicwa n’abana be muri Jenoside.
163
“Bataillon” ya “Camp Huye”. Bafatanyaga n’izo nterahamwe, impuzamugambi n’inkuba
gusohora abantu babaga bahunze mu modoka babaga barimo. Iyi bariyeri yiciweho Abatutsi
benshi ndetse bahamburiye imodoka nyinshi zibohozwa n’abo basirikare n’abo bandi babaga bari
kuri iyo bariyeri.
Bariyeri yo kwa Rwabukwisi hagati ya Kivugiza na Gatare yari iyobowe na Gakuba Anastase,
Ndahimana Isaac na Rukabukira Michel ari nawe wabakuye mu rugo ababwira ngo nabo bajye
bajya ku irondo. Iyo bariyeri yiciweho uwitwa Nsanzabaganwa Aimable na Mworozi Antoine
bishwe na Rukabukira Michel. Bariyeri yo kwa Kayigi yayoborwaga na Vianney afatanyije na
Gahuru, Karasira n’abandi. Iyi yiciweho umugabo witwaga Kayigi n’umuhungu witwaga
Igenukwayo, Kayigi yari abereye se wabo 287. Uyu Igenukwayo yarashwe n’umuhungu wa
Muberuka. Yiciweho kandi uwitwa Gatera arashwe ariko ntiyahwana nyuma baza kuhamukura
agiye kwivuza ku mugabo wari Kapiteni mu Nzirabwoba, atangiye koroherwa Interahamwe
ziramushimuta zijya kumwicira kuri bariyeri yo ku irimbi.
Bariyeri yo kwa Jumapili yari yobowe na Jumapili, Saidi, Gisongo, Muhire, Gikongoro,
Tharcisse, Sanane n’abandi. Iyi yaguyeho uwitwa Musonera. Izi nterahamwe nizo zagiye kwica
kwa Manirimbere bahica Iyakarongi Stefano, Kajabo Jean, Mugabo Feresiyani, Minega
Marcelin, Manirimbere Jean Nepo, Rwakagabo Théoneste, Mugabo Ernest n’abana babo,
Rubayiza Eric, Rurangirwa Eric, Ngambage na Manishimwe mwene Stefano, Tuyisenge na
Kayiranga bene Kajabo Jean. Uyu wari umuryango umwe Interahamwe zaje kubwira ngo ujye
hamwe wirindire umutekano. Icyo bashakaga kwari ukugira ngo babashyire hamwe babice
bitabaruhije. Aba bantu baza kwicwa haje Interahamwe zari kuri bariyeri yo kwa Rwabukwisi,
abo kuri bariyeri yo kwa Jumapili, abo ku irimbi ndetse n’izindi zaturutse ku Kivugiza. Izo
nterahamwe zihageze zabanje kugota urwo rugo, zikuramo abagore n’abana bato zisigarana
abagabo n’abasore aho mu muhanda. Bamaze kubicaza hasi, babateyemo gerenade maze
babahukamo n’imihoro barabatema ntawabashije kurokoka. Abagore basize bababwiye ko
bazabasasira Habyarimana ku itariki ya 4 Nyakanga.
Bariyeri yo ku irimbi rya Kabeza yagenzuraga izindi bariyeri zo muri serire Gatare yose.
Yaguyeho
287
umuryango
wa
Nyakana
urimo
Sempabwa,
Joséphine,
Uyu Igenukwayo n’umuhungu wa Niyomubisha Sylvestre uva indimwe na Kayigi.
umuryango
wa
164
Rugombamushali, abo kwa Nyirinkindi, Musafiri, umuryango wa Primiyani, Mukarusanganwa
wo kwa Rudobori n’abana be avuye Kimisange, Ndejeje n’abahungu be babiri n’umushumba we
n’abandi. Kuri iyi bariyeri kandi hiciwe umugabo wari waje mu mirambo yazanwaga n’ibikamyo
baje kuyijugunya mu irimbi. Uyu mugabo bari bamutemye ahantu hose ariko atarahwana, ikamyo
yari imaze gupakurura imirambo imaze kugenda, wa muntu aza guhembuka ava mu mirambo. Ni
bwo yatangiye gushakisha inzira agira ngo ave mu irimbi ahita yitura muri ya bariyeri ni uko za
nterahamwe zihita zimwica. Iyi bariyeri kandi yazanyweho umugabo witwa Musonera bamukuye
aho yari yihishe, umuyobozi w’iyi bariyeri bavugaga ko adahari yagiye mu nama. Ni bwo
Musonera yoherejwe kuri bariyeri yo kwa Jumapili aba ari na ho yicirwa 288.
4.8.5.1. Abagize uruhare mu koreka imbaga y’Abatutsi muri Segiteri ya Nyamirambo
Abajandarume bo kuri Burigade ya Nyamirambo barimo Adjudant Nzapfakumunsi, umugabo
wari uzwi ku izina rya “Mutzing” n’abandi bajandarume, abasirikare bari muri Mont Kigali
babarizwaga muri Bataillon Huye, abasirikare bari muri Koleji yitiriwe Mutagatifu Andereya
baturutse mu kigo cya Gisilikare cya Kanombe, abajandarume barindaga Karamira na mwene
nyina Simpunga Edouard, bitwaga Iranga na Murokore, hamwe n’Interahamwe zo muri gace ka
Nyamirambo ni bo bagize uruhare rukomeye mu bwicanyi bwahabereye kuri Paruwasi ya
Mutagatifu Karoli Lwanga. Muri izo nterahamwe twavuga nka Habyarimana alias Kigingi bitaga
Général, Aloyizi Gombaniro wakoraga muri Kigali Night, Andereya Ntizisigwa wari umukozi wa
MINITRAPE, Honoré Rutarindwa, Léonard Kagabo, Kihebe, Saidi Hategekimana, Michel
Rukabukira, Kibuye, Kariyariya alias Serija, Rucokori, Gasongo, Jean Berchimas Imanibishaka
alias Sukari, Kajaganya, Simba, Mambo, Bitemeri, Sofino Sukuti, Muhabura Cekeri, Kaguta,
Muzerefu, Fidele Uwamahoro, Twayibu, Selija Alphonse, Sabiti, Macisho, Mavange, Macuho,
Zembe, Kenedi, Ninja, Byumba, Mukiga, Buyoya, Gikatu, Yangu, Tuya, Pekosi, Bonheur,
Muvara, Mapengu, 1er Sergent Jerome, Jean Pierre Nshimiyimana, Dusabe, Kirenge, Nyiramana,
Karimu, Mugesera, Waswa, Bariyanga, Jean Baptiste Nyabyenda289. Abayobozi b’Interahamwe
n’abajandarumori bafashe icyemezo cyo guharira izi nterahamwe Burigade ya Nyamirambo
bamaze kugira ngo bizazorohere gukora neza ubwicanyi. Aha kandi ni ho bafatiraga ibikoresho
288
289
Ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Rugundana Vedaste, kuwa 20 Nzeri 2018. 6 Mutarama 2019.
Jean Baptiste Nyabyenda we ubwe yemera ko yoherejwe kwica Abatutsi akiva mu myitozo i Gabiro. We na
bagenzi be boherejwe i Bugesera kwica Abatutsi b’i Nyamata, Mareba, Ruhuha muri Ngenda, Mayange na Mbyo
bagira ngo barebe niba imyitozo bahawe yarabaye ingirakamaro.
165
bijyanye na lisensi bashyiraga mumodoka, aho babikaga imihoro, amagerenade n’izindi ntwaro
zifashishijwe mu kwica. Aho kandi ni ho bahererwaga gahunda y’umunsi bagaba ibitero hirya no
hino 290.
Josephine Mukaruhungo
Uyu Josphine Mukaruhungo yari asanzwe ari umuforomokazi ku bitaro bya CHUK. Haba aho
yari atuye ku Kivugiza cyangwa se ku kazi aho yakoreraga yaziraga uwitwa Umututsi. Charlotte
Kananga na Agnes batuye ku Kivugiza bemeza ko muri Jenoside babonye Joséphine
Mukaruhungo yitwaje ubuhiri ashoreye abantu yari amaze gusohora iwe bari baje kuhihisha. Uyu
mugore yishe abana b’umugabo witwa Kamatari na Edithe wari umwarimu akoresheje ubuhiri.
Josephine Mukaruhungo yashinjwe ibyaha bya Jenoside, akatirwa n’Inkiko Gacaca rwa Kivugiza
adahari igifungo cy’imyaka 30 291.
Madeleine Senguri
Madeleine Senguri yagize uruhare mu iyicwa ry’Abatutsi batagira ingano bari batuye ku
Kivugiza. Yafatanyaga n’abahungu be batatu b’Interahamwe ari bo Eric Senguri, Egide Senguri
na murumuna wabo. Kuya 8 Mata 1994 yayoboye abasirikare barindaga Habyarimana mu rugo
rw’Umututsi witwaga Stanislas Rwabuhindi baramwica we n’abantu barindwi bari bagize
umuryango we. Mu buhamya twahawe na Bernadette Nyiramatabaro wigeze kwihisha kwa
Senguri muri Jenoside yatubwiye ko yiboneye Madeleine Senguri atashye avuye kwica yambaye
gerenade kandi yitwaje umuhoro. Madeleine Senguri akimenya ko Nyiramatabaro yihishe mu
rugo rwabo yahise amwirukana. Na none Madeleine Senguri afatanyije na Léonidas Ntahontuye
alias Micombero bishe umudamu witwa Odette wari warashakanye na Léopold Sebukayire 292.
Yicishije kandi umuryango wa Mushimire, uwa Nyirumuringa ndetse n’uw’umusaza wahoze
ukora muri MINITRAPE witwaga Gasamagera wari warahunze ubwicanyi bwabereye mu Nzove
muri 1992.
Spéciose Mujawayezu
290
Ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Jean Baptiste Nyabyenda wari Interahamwe ikomeye wemeye icyaha akaba afungiye
muri Gereza ya Mpanga azira ibyaha yakoze muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi 1994. Ubuhamya bwatanzwe na
nyirubwite, Mpanga, kuwa 18 Ugushyingo 2018.
291
Ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Rugundana Vedaste, kuwa 20 Nzeri 2018.
292
Idem
166
Spéciose Mujawayezu yari umwanditsi w’Urukiko rwa Mbere rw’Iremezo rwa Nyamirambo
akaba n’Interahamwe ikomeye mu ishyaka MRND. Yayoboye igitero cy’Interahamwe zishe
umutegarugori witwa Julienne Mukanyarwaya, umwana we w’umuhungu witwaga Gilbert, na
musaza we witwaga Bosco wari umunyeshuri muri Kaminuza y’u Rwanda. Interahamwe zimaze
kubica, Spéciose Mujawayezu ni we wafashe iya mbere mu gutwara ibintu by’agaciro byari mu
rugo rwa Julienne Mukanyarwaya abijyana mu rugo iwe. Uyu Spéciose Mujawayezu, yari mu
gitero cyishe Abatutsi bari bahungiye mu musigiti bita uwa Kadhafi i Nyamirambo. We
n’Interahamwe bari kumwe bakuye Abatutsi bari bihishe muri uwo musigiti babazana ku
Kivugiza babafungira mu nzu babatwikiyemo bakoresheje gerenade. Nta n’umwe warokotse
ubwo bwicanyi mu bashyizwe muri iyo nzu. Spéciose Mujawayezu yakomeje ku gukora mu
nkiko z’u Rwanda ariko yafashwe kenshi kugira ngo ahanirwe ibyo yakoze ariko bamwe mu
bayobozi bakamukingira ikibaba.
Igihe Bucyana Martini Perezida wa CDR yicwaga, Abatutsi bari batuye i Gikondo na Gatenga
bahunze ubwicanyi bwari burimo gukorerwa Abatutsi. Hari abagabo batatu baje gucumbika mu
mazu ya Spéciose Mujawayezu abijeje umutekano. Inama yabereye kwa Frodouard wari
umukuru w’Interahamwe yitabirwa na Spéciose Mujawayezu n’abasirikare batatu. Muri iyo nama
Spéciose Mujawayezu yagambaniye abo bagabo inama irangira ba basirikare bajya kwa Spéciose
kwica ba bagabo bari bacumbitse iwe. Spéciose yarahunze ntiyigeze atahuka.
4.8.5.2. Ahaguye imbaga y’Abatutsi benshi muri Segiteri ya Nyamirambo
Ubwicanyi bwabereye i Nyamirambo ntibwakozwe n’Interahamwe zari muri Segiteri ya
Nyamirambo gusa. Kugira ngo bugere ku rugero bwagezeho hitabajwe Interahamwe,
impuzamugambi n’abandi bicanyi baturutse muri Segiteri ya Nyakabanda, Biryogo na Gitega.
Ubwicanyi bukomeye bwahitanye benshi mu Rugarama, Gatare, Akanyirazaninka no mu
Kivugiza bwakozwe n’Interahamwe n’abaturage bashyigikiwe n’abapolisi batatuaribo Safari,
Thomas na Kalimba baje baturutse kuri Komini ya Butamwa aho bakoreraga bazanywe na Perefe
Karera François babaga iwe ku Kivugiza.
Imibiri y’Abatutsi yagiye ikurwa ahantu henshi kandi hatandukanye ku mpamvu ebyiri: Abatutsi
bahungaga ibitero byabaga bije bibasanga mu ngo zabo akenshi bicwaga bahunga. Hari abandi
167
biciwe aho babaga bahungiye nko mu nsengero cyangwa mu bigo by’abihaye Imana iyo
babonaga ibitero simusiga bije.
Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi bahungiye kuri Paruwase yitiriwe Mutagatifu Karoli
Lwanga na Koleji yitiriwe Mutagatifu Andereya
Ku itariki ya 8 Mata 1994 nibwo Interahamwe n’abasirikare barindaga Perezida Habyarimana
Juvénal bishe Abatutsi barenga 100 bari bahungiye kuri Paruwasi Gatolika yitiriwe Mutagatifu
Karoli Lwanga, Kolegi yitiriwe Mutagatifu Andereya 293 no mu Kigo cy’Abafureri b’Abayozefiti
i Nyamirambo. Bakimara kubica, nubundi kubera guhigwa mu ngo n’ahandi bari bihishe, abatutsi
bakomeje guhungira kuri Paruwasi bizera ko bazaharindirwa. Ntibyabujije interahamwe
gukomeza kubica urusorongo kuko zazaga gutwara buri munsi Abatutsi zikajya kubica.
Abahungiye kuri Paruwasi yitiriwe mutagatifu Lwanga bongeye kugabwaho igitero cya 2 ku
itariki ya 4 Kamena 1994. Interahamwe Gérard Mahirane ari kumwe na Serongo na Seromba
bamurindaga bahuye n’imodoka ya Daihatsu hafi y’umuhanda uzamuka ku Kabusunzu ahitwa
kuri “Café de Nyakabanda” irimo impunzi zari zivuye ku Kiriziya cya Mutagatifu Karoli Lwanga
i Nyamirambo aho zari zahungiye. Abo bantu bari bahungishijwe na Majoro Munyandekwe
abohereje ku Kabusunzu ku kigo cy’amashuri abanza. Akibona iyo modoka yari ipakiye abantu
yahise ayihagarika asanga itwawe n’umushoferi w’umumetisi irimo n’abantu benshi, abagore,
abana n’abantu bakuze; nta mugabo warimo, ni abari basigaye kuri Paruwasi i Nyamirambo.
293
Nyuma ya tari ya 8 Mata 1994, abatutsi bari bahahungiye muri Koleji yitiriwe Mutagatifu Andereya bamaze
kwicwa, ntabandi bongeye kuhahungira kuko aba jandarume bahise baza gucumbika muri iryo shuri.
168
Kiriziya yitiriwe Mutagatifu Karoli
Lwanga ahiciwe imbaga y’Abatutsi bari
bayihungiyemo
Urwibutso
Umushoferi bamubajije aho akuye abo bantu maze ababwira ko abavanye ku kiriziya i
Nyamirambo akaba abahawe na Majoro Munyandekwe umubwiye ngo abageze ku mashuri
abanza ya Kabusunzu. Bidatinze Interahamwe zari zitwaye moto ziza gusanga bagihagaze aho;
harimo Interahamwe yitwaga Padiri yitegereje abari mu modoka maze bategeka umushoferi
kubasubiza aho abakuye hanyuma Mahirane wari mu modoka ye na Padiri wagenderaga kuri
moto bashorera iyo modoka bayisubiza i Nyamirambo ku Kiriziya. Icyo gihe bari barimo
kwitotomba bavuga ngo barashaka guhangana n’umusirikare ushaka guhungisha inyenzi.
Imodoka ikihagera yahagaze kuri bariyeri yari iri mu ihuriro ry’umuhanda uva ku Mumena, uva
ku isoko rya Nyamirambo n’umuhanda munini uva kuri Stade i Nyamirambo. Akigera kuri iyo
bariyeri yari iyobowe n’Interahamwe yitwa Kigingi294 yamubajje impamvu iyo modoka igarutse;
Interahamwe zari zayigaruye zirimo Gérard Mahirane avuga ko abo bantu ari inyenzi. Yabwiye
Majoro Munyandekwe ko ari icyitso cy’Inkotanyi kandi ko atunze umugore w’umututsikazi.
Yahise akuramo pistolet maze arasa wa mushoferi, arangije afungura umuryango amujugunya
hasi imodoka ayiha Interahamwe yitwa Bosco ngo imukurikire. Bafashe umuhanda w’inyuma ya
294
Uyu Habyarimana alias Kigingi yari yarihaye ipeti rya Koloneli.
169
“Cosmos” bamanuka berekeza munsi ya Rafiki hafi kuri “Union Bar”, babicira aho ngaho
babajugunya mu cyobo kiri hafi y’urugo rw’uwitwa Marigarita Nyirangirabampatse.
Abandi Batutsi biciwe kuri Bariyeri bakajugunywa mu byobo, ahamenyekanye ni aha hakurikira:
–
Muri Serire Kivugiza ku cyobo cyo kwa Baziruwiha, kuri bariyeri yo kwa François
Karera hafi yo kwa Hitimana Noel wari umunyamakuru wa Kangura ;
–
Kuri Home y’abasaveri i Nyamirambo, ku Kivugiza mu rugo kwa Maharangari Agustini
no kwa Kabuguza,
–
Muri Serire Mumena mu ishuri ryisumbuye rya Mutagatifu Andereya no ku Kiriziya
Gatorika cya Mutagatifu Karoli Lwanga,
–
Muri Serire Gatare ku cyobo cy’umugabo witwa Louis wakoraga muri MINITRAPE
wubakaga aho ngaho. N’icyobo cyari cyargenewe kujyamo imyanda ivuye mu musarani.
Cyashyizwemo abagore n’abana bose hamwe bagera kuri 80.
–
Mu cyobo cyo kwa Nteziryayo, cyajunywemo Mutega n’abana be, nyina wa Sakindi,
umuryango wa Pascal n’abandi bose bageraga kuri 30.
-
Icyobo cyo kwa Pascal cyaguyemo abantu bagera kuri 20 bashyizwemo n’Interahamwe
yitwa Etienne bita Marineti.
-
Mu cyobo cyo kwa Gaspard Baziruwiha mu ikorosi ujya Rwarutabura. Cyashyizwemo
Abatutsi
benshi
babaga
bakuye
muri
«Compagnie
Batisseur»,
muri
Serire
Akanyirazaninka n’ahandi. Imodoka zabaga zambuwe ba nyirazo bamaze kubica, izo nizo
zazanaga imirambo yabaga ivuye hirya no hino muri Nyamirambo.
-
Michel Rukabukira wari inshuti magara ya François Karera, akoresheje imodoka ye
yatundaga imibiri y’Abatutsi agiye kuyijugunya mu irimbi ku Kabeza.
-
Icyobo cyo kwa Damiyani;
Abatutsi biciwe ku Kivugiza
Ku kabare ka Déo Bayingana kakundaga kunyweramo abakunzi b’Inkotanyi, umwe mu bapolisi
bari baravuye i Butamwa barindaga urugo rwa François Karera yitwaje imbunda ahageze
ahasanga uwitwa Adolphe uva inda imwe na Disi ahita amurasa arapfa. Uwo bari kumwe na we
ashatse guhunga na we ahita amurasa. Ntibyahagarariye aho kuko uwo mupolisi yakomeje muri
170
iryo joro anyura kwa Rukemampunzi yica umugore we Mariyana. Bukeye mu gitondo, imbere yo
kwa Karera hafi yo ku munyamakuru witwa Noheli Hitimana wa RTLM hahise hashyirwa
bariyeri irindwa n’abo bapolisi barindaga François Karera n’abajandarume babaga ahitwa mu
Rugarama, ahitwa mu i Rasaniro.
kuwa 08 Mata 1994 mu gitondo, François Karera aherekejwe n’abapolisi hamwe n’abajandarume
bo mu Rugarama bakoresheje inama n’abaturage bo ku Kivugiza mu muhanda imbere y’iyo
bariyeri. Muri iyo nama François Karera yahamagariye Abahutu kwitandukanya n’Abatutsi ngo
ntaho bahuriye. Yaravuze ati “baturage bahutu mutuye Kivugiza mube maso, mu baturanyi
banyu harimo ibyitso by’Inkotanyi” […] “dore bishe Perezida wanyu, none nimwe mugiye
gukurikiraho, kandi biroroshye kuko bakoze amalisiti y’abo babona babangamira ibikorwa bya
FPR. Ubwo rero nimwitabare aho gutegereza kwicwa, nimwikize umwanzi, mubice mbere y’uko
babica” […]295. Intwaro twazitanze, kandi inkunga yose mukeneye abapolisi, abasirikare
n’Interahamwe zatojwe barahari ngo babafashe. Nta we mugomba kugirira impuhwe kuko na bo
nta zo bazabagirira. Iyo nama yararangiye abaturage batinya gusubira mu ngo zabo kuko Karera
ayari amaze kubabwira ko mu baturage harimo abahishe Inkotanyi mu ngo zabo 296.
Nyuma y’iyo nama abaturage barakangaranye batinya gusubira mu ngo zabo ahubwo benshi
bigumira ku mabariyeri ngo inyenzi zizahabasange. Bucyeye mu gitondo ku itariki ya 11 Mata
1994 hakurikiyeho guhiga imiryango y’Abatutsi yari yarohereje abana babo babo mu Nkotanyi.
Urutonde rw’iyo miryango rwaje ruherekejwe n’abasirikare bari mu mutwe warindaga Perezida
Habyarimana baherekejwe n’Interahamwe yitwa Rubabura. Bakihagera, mu nterahamwe zari kuri
bariyeri harimo bake bazi iyo miryango, uwitwa Gilbert Nkandamurego wagendanaga icumu
muri icyo gihe ni we wayoboye abo basirikare mu ngo z’abari kuri urwo rutonde. Urwo rutonde
rwariho imiryango ya Claver, Gahitsi, Agustini Maharangari, Munyanziza, Népo wakoraga muri
Ambassade y’Abanyamerika, Nkurikiyinka Canisius, Mudenge n’abandi.
Kuri iyo tariki ni bwo kwa Rudevure havanywe Abatutsi benshi bari bihishe mu kiraro
cyororerwagamo inkoko. Interahamwe zarabafashe ziberekeza Rwarutabura aho bishwe
batemaguwe bajugunywa mu cyobo cyo kwa Gaspard Baziruwiha. Muri iyo nzira ya
295
296
Ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Rugundana Vedaste, kuwa 20 Nzeri 2018.
Idem
171
Rwarutabura hiciwe abo bari bakuye kwa Murekezi na Innocent Karere alias Gangi wavumbuwe
aho yari yihishe.
Igitero cyishe Kazungu
Aho kwa Rudevure na none ni ho uwitwa Kazungu wari utuye ku Kivugiza akaba yari
umushoferi wa Ambasade ya Amerika yari yahungiye n’umugore n’abana babiri. Muri icyo
gitero, Kazungu yararusimbutse ariko umugore we n’abana be babiri baricwa. Umugore witwa
Grace yaje kumuhisha mu gisanduku cyari aho yacururizaga amakara. Interahamwe n’abasirikare
bari baramuhize baramubuze. Umunsi umwe umwana wari umaze kugura amakara aza
kurabukwa Kazungu muri cya gisanduku. Atangira kuvuga cyane ngo abonye umuntu wihishe.
Abandi bari baje guhaha na bo babwira Grace ngo afungure igisanduku barebe. Bamaze
kumubona bavugije induru maze hahita haza abapolisi bo kwa Karera barimo uwitwa Habimana.
Kari ku itariki ya 24 Mata 1994. Kazungu yahise asohokamo afata Habimana wari ufite imbunda
arayimwaka maze atangira kubarasa. Yahise atera muri ba bantu gerenade maze ariruka ashaka
guhunga. Aho yari yihishe ntibyari gukunda ko asohokamo habona.
Habimana wari wambuwe imbunda ajya gutabaza abasirikare bari muri “Mont Kigali” ni bo
bivuganye Kazungu nyuma yo kurasana nawe umwanya muremure hafi yaho Déo Bayingana yari
afite akabari. Bakimara kumwica baraje bahita bica Grace wari waramuhishe. Interahamwe zo
mu Gatare ni za Rwarutabura kwa Gaspard, izari kuri bariyeri yo kwa Karera zari zaje gufasha
abo basirikare. Kuri uwo munsi ni na bwo igitero cyari kiyobowe na Ngendabanga afatanyije na
Rukabukira Michel wari muri MDR-Power cyaje gishaka umunyamakuru witwaga Kamanayo
Théotime nticyamubona maze kijya gushakisha umugabo witwaga Alex wakoraga muri
TELECOM nawe kiramubura. Rukabukira Michel na bagenzi be bahise bajya kwa Ntaganzwa
Juvénal zimuvana aho yari yihishe n’abandi bantu babiri zibereka Sylvestre Bahinze wari
Resiponsabure wa Kivugiza, bicirwa ku cyobo cyo kwa Baziruwiha Gaspard.
Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi muri Serire Gatare
Serire ya Gatare izwi nk’ahantu hajugunywe imibiri myinshi y’Abatutsi babaga biciwe hirya no
hino mu nsisiro z’umujyi cyane cyane I Nyamirambo, Gitega na Nyakabanda. Yajugunywaga mu
mu irimbi rya Kabeza aho katerepirali zari zaracukuye ibyobo.
172
Ku tariki ya 7 Mata 1994 nibwo abasirikare bo mu mutwe warindaga Perezida Habyarimana
bateye ku Kivugiza no mu Gatare. Bageze mu Gatare bishe uwitwa Gatete ariko basiga
atarahwana. Ubwo Kivugiza ho bari babiyogoje. Kuva kuri iyo tariki, abaturage bo mu Gatare na
Kivugiza bahungiye kuri Komini ya Butamwa. Umwe mu barokotse wari wahungiye i Butamwa
yaduhaye ubuhamya bukurikira: “Tumaze kubona ko twatewe, twafashe inzira ya Butamwa turi
Abahutu n’Abatutsi. Nta muhutu wasigaye mu rugo. Usibye Interahamwe zari zizi ibyo zirimo.
Muri uko guhunga twajyanye n’abantu benshi bari baturutse ku Kivugiza barimo nyakwigendera
Kahabaye Joseph na Kabuguza wakoraga muri Banki ya Kigali n’imiryango yacu. Aho i
Butamwa twahamaze iminsi ibiri uwa gatatu turataha. Kwivangura byari bitaraba twasaga
n’abasangiye gupfa no gukira”. Sakindi w’imyaka 60 yemeza ko igihe bahungiraga i Butamwa
Abahutu n’Abatutsi bari bagifite ubumwe, byahindutse bahindukiye.
“Tuvuye mu buhungiro i Butamwa ni bwo inama zatangiye. Interahamwe zitangira kwihererana
Abahutu zibasobanurira ko bahunze kandi bitabareba. Nibwo batangiye kubabwira ngo
mwitandukanye na bariya mwe nta kibazo mufite. Ni bwo Interahamwe zatangiye guha bamwe
muri abo imipanga n’izindi ntwaro twisanga n’Abahutu twari twajyanye i Butamwa bafashe
intwaro. Nguko uko twisanze twenyine, dutangira ubwo kwihisha. Bariyeri na zo ni bwo zahise
zishyirwaho hano mu Gatare”297.
Kuri 28 Mata 19994, nyuma y’icyumweru hishwe abagabo, nibwo za Nterahamwe zagarutse
kwica abagore n’abana. Baza kwica bwa mbere bavuze ko batica abagore n’abana. Ni ko
byagenze kuko nyuma baje kugaruka kwica abagore n’abana. Igitero cyishe abagabo ni cyo
cyagarutse kwica abagore. Abo ku Kivugiza ntibaje uko banganaga icyo gihe. Interahamwe
zabanje kuza gusaba amafaranga. Haje ibitero bitatu; icyavuye kuri bariyeri yo ku irimbi,
Interahamwe zo kuri bariyeri ya Jumapili n’abaturutse kuri bariyeri yo kwa Karonkano. Harimo
Gikongoro, Muhire, Ndayahoze, Sayidi n’abandi.
“Ubwo bageze iwanjye, bansabye amafaranga, mbabwira ko nta yo mfite. Barambwira ngo
nintayabaha baranyicana n’abana banjye. Nahise nsohoka njya kwa muramu wanjye mpahurira
n’umugore we witwa Pascasie ndamubwira nti sinsubirayo bagiye kutwica. Pascasie arambwira
297
Ubuhamya twahawe na Sakindi warokotse Jenoside, Nyamirambo (Gatare) 06 Gicurasi 2018.
173
ati subirayo ntiwasiga abana. Ubwo nasubiyeyo nababwira nti mbonye igihumbi barayafata,
bahita bagenda”298.
Uwitwa Bugingo wari Responsabure yahise agera mu rugo, musaba ko yampishira abana
arambwira ngo: “erega icyemezo cyafashwe nta cyo nakumarira!”. Nagumye aho mu rugo
ntegereza urupfu. Ubwo amaze gutirimuka, igitero cyahise kihasesekara kiryobowe n’umuhungu
wa Karasira witwa Nyirigira. Yari afite umuhoro mu ntoki atwaye impiri mu rukenyerero.
Akitubona njye n’abana banjye yabanje gutema ishami ry’umuyenzi ku rugo rw’iwacu, yinjira
mu nzu anyaka abana arabasohora agenda abakubita. Yarabashoreye aberekeza kwa Minega
ashaka kubashyira mu cyobo cyari kimaze iminsi gicukuwe. Ubwo naramukurikiye mvuza induru
ariko musaba imbabazi ngo yinyicira abana. Ahageze yasanze cya cyobo baragitwikiriye, nasanze
arwana no gukuraho ya beto ngo ashyiremo abana banjye. Abonye ko bidashoboka kubicira kuri
icyo cyobo yaradushoreye atujyana mu rugo kwa Kajabo.
Muri urwo rugo niho cya gitero cyari cyakusanyirije abagore bose n’abana babo muri serire ya
Gatare banonosoye uburyo babica. Interahamwe zari zavuye ku bariyeri zitandukanye zifite
umugambi wo kubashorera zikajya kudushora kuri Nyabarongo. Batarafata icyemezo hahise
hatangira kugwa imvura nyinshi idahita, ubwo kandi amasaha yari akuze kuko hari hamaze kuba
nka saa cyenda z’amanywa. Ubwo twe twari mu nzu tunyegerana, abana barira naho izo
nterahamwe ziga uko zigiye kutwica 299.
Sakindi warokotse ubwicanyi bwo kuya 28 Mata 1994 bwakorewe abana n’abagore ku cyobo
cy’aho umugabo witwa Louis yubakaga yatubwiye uko byagenze. “Hari hashize icyum weru
abagabo bacu bishwe twe batubwiye ko Habyarimana azatwisasira. Muri iyo nzu
baduteranyirijemo harimo abantu bagera ku ijana hari abagore bagera kuri 30, bahetse kandi
ubwo ariko bakuruye n’inshuke ndetse n’abandi bana bakuze. Muri bo harimo baramukazi
banjye barindwi kandi uwari ufite abana bake yari afite byibuze batatu. Imvura imaze guhita
babona ntibari butujyane kuri Nyabarongo nk’uko bari babivuze. Ni ko kudushorera batwerekeza
ku cyobo cyari cyaracukuwe mu rugo rw’umugabo witwa Louis wakoraga muri MINITRAPE.
Uwo mwobo wari ugenewe kujyamo imyanda ivuye mu musarani ariko icyo gihe wari
utaratangira gukoreshwa. Kuri icyo cyobo kandi hari Interahamwe nyinshi zari zagumanye
298
299
Idem
Ubuhamya twahawe na Sakindi warokotse Jenoside, Nyamirambo (Gatare) 06 Gicurasi 2018.
174
natwe kuva badukura mu ngo zacu. Ubwo kandi aho hafi yo kwa Louis hari inzu bajyanagamo
abagore bakabafata ku ngufu barangiza bakabagarura kuri uwo murongo bari badukoresheje.
Mu badutondesheje umurongo bakanafata abagore ku ngufu nabashije kubona n’ubwo nta roho
n’umubiri nari ngifite harimo Gakire Marcel, Maniraho Jean, Rugombamushali Assuman,
Bugingo, Sanani, Rutayisire, Narcisse, Rukara, Munyakazi n’umuhungu we Saidi, Karasira,
Mwitirehe Augustini wari hejuru y’icyo cyobo agenda asunikiramo abantu. Barangije
kudushinyagurira no kudukorera ibyamfura mbi ni bwo batangiye kutujugunya muri wa mwobo.
Mwitirehe Agustini naramwiboneye ni we wajugunyagamo abantu, ubwo induru ziravuga abana
bararira, abagore bararira basaba imbabazi yewe data wambyaye we…barohamo abantu
biratinda bageze kuri mabukwe arabavuma avuga ati munyiciye abana nanjye nimunyice mwa
mbwa mwe muzapfa nabi…. Barangije bamushyira ku ruhande ntibamuroha mu cyobo; ni bwo
naturumbutse ndiruka, amaguru nyabangira ingata”.
Barangije kujugunyamo abantu ni bwo batangiye guterura amabuye yari arunze aho mu rugo rwa
Louis. Buri wese muri izo nterahamwe yateruraga ibuye yarangiza akarekurira muri cya cyobo,
umwobo bawufunga neza n’amabuye abantu bacu bababanje hasi. N’iyo batabicisha ayo mabuye
ndahamya ko urwo bari bapfuye atari ruto kuko amazi yari muri icyo cyobo atari gutuma hari
n’umwe urokoka300. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe abagore n’abana bwerekanye kandi ubugome
ndengakamere bariya bantu bari bafite. Ubu barimo gusaba imbabazi ndetse bamwe muri bo bari
hanze baridegembya, baravuga ngo turi abasazi... Abo mu miryango yabo batwitwayeho
umwikomo ngo twafungishije abavandimwe babo. Ntibabasura bakababona se? 301 Imiborogo
yabaye myinshi kuri iki cyobo, abana bataka, abagore bahetse barira, abana barira, abana
b’inshuke bose ugatsindagira mu mwobo wa metero mirongo ine ucagase amazi warangiza
ukajya uterura amabuye yo kubaka uko uzi riba riremereye ukubika ku bantu! Iki cyobo
cyajugunywemo abantu imibiri y’abiciwe aho imaze gukurwamo, cyarasibwe ndetse hejuru
hubakwa amazu.
300
301
Ubuhamya twahawe muri Gashyantare 2019 n’ufite abavandimwe be biciwe mu cyobo cyo kwa Louis.
Ubuhamya twakiriye muri Werurwe 2019 i Masaka bw’ufite abe baguye muri icyo cyobo.
175
4.8.5.3. Iyicarubozo ryakorewe Abatutsi muri Segiteri ya Nyamirambo
Abagore n’abana biciwe ku cyobo cyo kwa Louis bishwe bamaze gufatwa ku ngufu bajugunywa
mu cyobo cyuzuye amazi y’umuvu ari bazima bamwe bahetse ibibondo abandi bakuruye incuke
mu ntoki. Hari imiborogo, abana barira, ba nyina basaba imbabazi, ariko biba iby’ubusa kuko
byarangiye bose bajugunywe muri icyo cyobo, Interahamwe zitsindagira amabuye muri icyo
cyobo.
Abagabo biciwe hano babanje gukubitwa amahiri no gutemwa n’imihoro. Nyuma Interahamwe
zigaruka gushinyagurira imirambo zirara mu bo zari zimaze kwica zikoresheje udushoka. Hari
imodoka ya Michel Rukabukira yanyuze mu Gatare ijyanye imirambo ku irimbi ihageze ibura
uko ikomeza. Mu gushaka inzira y’imodoka, Interahamwe zakuruye imirambo nk’uko wakurura
imifuka irimo ibishingwe ziyijugunya munsi y’umuhanda. Mu guterura imirambo umwe yafataga
amaboko undi amaguru bakazunguza baririmba, bakabara gatatu bagahita bajugunya mu
modoka302.
Iyicarubozo ryakorewe Abatutsi muri Segiteri ya Gitega
Hari umugabo wiciwe kuri bariyeri yo kwa Habibu, bamaze kumwica bamuciye akaboko maze
ako kaboko bakajya bagakinisha bahereza imbwa. Uwitwa Sekanuma alias “Rasta” yishwe aciwe
umutwe n’Interahamwe yitwa Joel afatanyije na Ntwari, Stanislas, n’abandi. Bamaze kwica
Sekanuma umutwe bakomeje kuwugendana bawukinisha nk’umupira.
Interahamwe zageze kwa Théophile zimusangana n’umugore we witwaga Janvière n’akana gato
bari bafite. Bataratangira kumutema yari yabahaye amafaranga ngo bamubabarire. Nyuma
umugore yaje guhungira kwa Stratoni na ho Théophile baramushorera. Akiri aho mu rugo bari
bamutemye akaboko ariko kanagana. Nyuma bamaze kumwica bamutemye akaboko noneho
bakajya bagakinisha bagahereza imbwa nk’abayihereza inyama.
4.8.5.4. Abafashije Abatutsi kurokoka muri Segiteri ya Nyamirambo
Twagirimana Innocent wari umuzamu kuri ambasade yakijije abana ba Daniel ubwo yajyaga
kuzana umugore n’abana ba Kabagema Daniel kuri Ambassade y’Ubufaransa. Uyu Twagirimana
302
Ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Rugundana Vedaste, kuwa 20 Nzeri 2018.
176
yaje kubona igihembo yahawe na Ambasade cy’uburyo yitangiye abari bahungiye kuri ambasade
y’ubufaransa bagera kuri 50 barimo abakozi b’ambasade n’imiryango yabo ndetse n’abandi
baturage.
4.8.6. Segiteri ya Nyakabanda
Hirya no hino muri Segiteri ya Nyakabanda, mu ngo z’abantu cyangwa se mu tubari niho
hategurirwa ubwicanyi bworetse imbaga y’Abatutsi. Kuva inkuru y’ihanuka y’indege ya Perezida
Habyarimana Juvenal imenyekaniye, inama zitegura kwica abautsti zabera mu rugo kwa
Sebucocero wari Perezida wa CDR muri Segiteri ya Nyakabanda. Abitabiraga izo nama bo muri
Segiteri ya Nyakabanda harimo Imananibishaka Jean Berchmas alias “Sukari” na Claude wari
umuganga ku Bitaro Bikuru bya Kigali (CHK), bakaba bari mu buyozi bwa CDR ku rwego rwa
Segiteri. Nibo bakoze lisiti z’abagomba kwicwa ndetse bakora na gahunda z’ibitero bijya kwica
hirya no hino muri Segiteri ya Nyakabanda 303 n’izindi zahanaga imbibi na Nyakabanda. Muri
serire ya Munanira bitaga kuri Etat-Majorna ho hakorerwaga inama zitegura ibitero. Ibiro bya
segiteri nabyo byabaye ihuriro ry’abicanyi aho Interahamwe yitwa Nyirimamzi Geregori
bamujyiriye Konseye wa Segiteri asimbuye Kandekwe wari utaritabira ubwicanyi. Aho kuri
segiteri hakorewe byinshi; ni ho babikaga ibyo babaga basahuye mu ngo z’abo babaga bamaze
kwica mbere yo kubigabana. Aho kandi niho inkoramaraso zanyweraga ibiyobyabwenge mbere
y’uko zigaba ibitero, ndetse niho zafatiraga abagore ku ngufu 304. Ahandi haberaga inama zitegura
Jenoside ni mu kabare ko kwa Musonera, muri Serire Munanira 305.
4.8.6.1. Abagize uruhare mu kwica imbaga y’Abatutsi muri Segiteri ya Nyakabanda
Abagize uruhare rukomeye mu bwicanyi bwabereye muri Segiteri ya Nyakabanda, usibye
Abajandarume babarizwaga kuri Burigade ya Nyamirambo 306, abasirikare bari muri Koleji ya
Mutagatifu Andereya, abasirikare bari muri Mont Kigali babarizwaga muri batayo Camp Huye,
abasirikare bari muri «Centre Iwacu» babarizwaga muri «Batayo Muvumba», Interahamwe zo
303
Ikiganiro na Nyabyenda Jean Baptiste warokotse Jenoside, Nyakabanda tariki ya 15 Gashyantare 2019.
304 Idem.
305
Ubuhamya twahawe n’umwe mu bayobozi b’Interahamwe bayoboraga ibitero ubu ufungiye icyaha cya Jenoside
muri Gereza ya Mageragere. Ubuhamya yatanze muri Nzeri 2018.
306
Iyi burigade ya Jendarumeri yaje guhabwa Interahamwe zo muri zone ya Nyamirambo akaba ariho bategurira
imigambi yabo yose ijyanye n’ubwicanyi.
177
muri Zone ya Nyamirambo nizo zayogoje Segiteri ya Nyakabanda. Nyirimanzi Geregori307, ni we
wari ku isonga ry’ibyabereye muri Segiteri ya Nyakabanda, agatanga amategeko ndetse
akayobora ibitero. Si we wenyine aho mu Nyakabanda kuko hari na Munyawera wari umupolisi
wa Mujyi wa Kigali, Imananibishaka Jean Berchmas alias Sukali, Muhayimana Paul, Sibomana
Jean Bosco, Kagaba, Habyarimana alias Kigingi308, Simba, Kabananiye Eustache, Mambo,
Mungarakarama, Shumbusho, Nyankuri, Gasongo, Kibaya, Kijyambere, Mupenzi, Nsabimana,
Muhabura, Agata, Gahinyuza, Habimana Fidèle, Niyibizi, Cekeri, Rurangwa, Ruvubu, Sadosi,
Rutemeri, Sofino, Nkikabahizi, Habarugira, Sukuti, Habinshuti Deo, Ndanda wari umukinnyi
w’umupira w’amaguru, Mutabazi, Rutaremara, Kadege, Ntabana, Kaguta, Rwemarika,
Karangwa, Mbaraga, John mwene Gasumizi, Habyarimana Frédéric, Muzungu, Munyandekwe,
Mahoro Fidèle, Népo, Ndindayino, Kamegeri, Masumbuko, Twayibu, Muzerefu, Bizimana,
Ahishakiye, Karimini, Hategekimana, Madi, Mavuba, Basomingera Jean Pierre, Sabiti,
Nsengiyumva, Gasigwa, Nzabanita, Sinanga, Habyarimana Déo, Nyarudindiri, Barizera, Serija
Alphonse, Tayari, Hamisi, Kanyabidari, Rwanyonga, Mwimbanzu Patrice, Caporal Bosco,
Nyiramana, Ngaboyisonga Bernard, Yusufu, Ayirwanda, Macisho, Higiro Valens, Mugesera
Pierre, Ndahayo, Mavenge, Kasimu Samuel, Mutabaruka, Karimu, Kenedi, Joel, Macuho,
Rukundo, Mapengu, Nkusi, Munyaburiza Juma, Ndagijimana, Mapantufure, Bizi mwene
Munyonga, n’abandi.
Uwitwa Nyirimanzi Geregori wari Konseye mu gihe cya Jenoside akaba yari n’interahamwe
ikoye kuko yayoboraga ibitero ahantu hatandukanye, yafashwe muwa 1998 aturutse muri Congo
Brazzaville. Yaburanishijwe n’Urukiko Gacaca rwo mu Murenge wa Nyakabanda na
Rwezamenyo kuko ariho yakoreye ibyaha. Izi nkiko zombi zamukatiye igihano cyo gufungwa
imyaka 30 kuko yemeye uruhare rwe nta mananiza akaba afungiye muri Gereza ya Mpanga mu
karere ka Nyanza. Undi wakatiwe ni Imananibishaka Jean alias “Sukari” nawe wakatiwe igifungo
cya burundu n’Urukiko rwa Gacaca rwa Munanira. Abandi muri aba hari abatigeze bagaruka mu
gihugu, Karambizi alias “Bisupu” wakatiwe n’inkiko gacaca agahita atoroka, Mbundu nawe
watorotse akimara gukatirwa, abandi baracyidegembya.
307
Uyu yari asanzwe mu buyobozi bw’Interahamwe maze kuya 14 Mata 1994 asimbura Kandekwe Emmanuel ku
mwanya wa Konseye wa Segiteri.
308
Habyarimana alias Kigingi yari Interahamwe ituye ku Ibereshi. Yakundaga kuba ari mu bitero byinshi.
178
4.8.6.2. Ahaguye imbaga y’Abatutsi muri Segiteri ya Nyakabanda
Ikigo cy’Abafureri b’Abajozefiti cyatangiye kwakira abatutsi kuva mu mpera z’ukwezi kwa
Werurwe 1994 baturutse muri Segiteri ya Biryogo n’iya Gitega bahunga ubwicanyi bwari
bwatangiye kubakorerwa. Imbarutso ni urupfu rw’Impuzamugambi Ingabire Alphonse alias
“Katumba” rwakurikiwe n’iyicwa ry’umugabo w’Umututsi witwaga Maurice wari utuye aho mu
Biryogo309. Imiryango y’Abatutsi yahise ikwirwa imishwaro ihungira hirya no hino kuko.
Abatangabuhamya bemeza ko icyo gihe umuhutu aho ari hose yari ameze nk’uwasaze ubwo bari
bamaze kwica Maurice bamuciye umutwe310. Igihe bari bageze i Nyamirambo hari ababashije
kwakirwa mu miryango imwe n’imwe, ariko benshi muri bo bagiye gucumbika mu Kigo
cy’Abafureri b’Abayosefiti abandi bajya mu Kiriziya Gatorika cya Mutagatifu Karoli Lwanga.
Urwibutso rwa Jenoside yakorewe
Abatutsi
ruri
mu
Kigo
cy’Abafurere
b’Abayozefiti
ahiciwe
abafurere
n’imbaga
y’Abatutsi baje bahahungiye
baturutse muri Segiteri ya
Biryogo,
Nyamirambo,
Nyakabanda n’ahandi.
Ishusho
n’umushakashatsi
yafashwe
Igihe Jenoside yari itangiye ntihiciwe gusa abo bari barahunze baturutse mu Biryogo na Gitega,
hiciwe kandi Abatutsi bari baturutse muri Segiteri ya Nyamirambo, Kimisagara n’iya
Nyakabanda.
309
Maurice yishwe n’intagodwa zo muri CDR zihora uwari Perezida wabo witwaga Katumba.
Ubuhamya bwatanzwe n’umwe mubari bahungiye i Nyamirambo mu Kigo cy’Abafureri nyuma akaza kuhava
asanga abandi ku Kiriziya yitiriwe Mutagatifu Karoli Lwanga, Nyamirambo kuya 14 Wrurwe 2019.
310
179
Nyirimanzi Geregori wamamaye mu bwicanyi agahamwa n’icyaha cya Jenoside n’ibindi byaha
by’urukozasoni yakoreye Abatutsi ubu afungiye muri Gereza ya Mpanga. Ari mu bantu bane
bayoboye ubwicanyi mu kigo cy’Abafureri Yozefiti. Nyuma yo gukorana inama itegura iyicwa
ry’abo bantu ku itariki ya 8 Mata 1994 yahuriyemo na Karekezi Amuri wari uhagarariye segiteri
ya Biryogo, Kaboyi Germain wari uhagarariye Segiteri ya Nyamirambo, Karushara Rose wari
uhagarariye Segiteri ya Kimisagara. Nyuma y’iyo nama ni bwo twagabyeyo igitero simusiga,
igitero cyayogoje serire ya Rwezamenyo na Nyabitare cyarimo Interahamwe zivuye muri segiteri
ya Biryogo, Kimisagara, Nyakabanda na Nyamirambo. Haje kandi Interahamwe zari kuri bariyeri
zikurikira kwa Mayira Pierre Célestin, ku isoko rya Nyamirambo, ku Ibereshi, ku rusisiro
rw’amazu ya banki nkuru y’Igihugu. Haje kandi abasirikare bari muri Koleji yitiriwe Mutagatifu
Andereya, abajandarume bari baturutse mu kigo cya Kacyiru, n’Interahamwe zakoreraga kuri
Burigade ya Nyamirambo zirimo Habyarimana alias Kigingi, Imananibishaka Jean Berchimas
alias Sukari, Gombaniro Aloys, Rukabukira Michel, n’abandi. Icyo gihe interahamwe zishe abari
bahahungiye, ari nako abagore n’abakobwa bafatwa ku gahato, twica abafureri bagera muri
batanu babaga muri icyo kigo n’abakozi babo. Twishe Bucyana Canisius wari ufite «Boutique du
Progrès», Gahigi wari umudozi ku isoko rya Biryogo, Boyi Straton wari ufite ivuriro i
Nyamirambo, Kiyonga n’abandi benshi. Twari dufite intwaro za Gakondo zirimo impiri, imihoro,
amashoka ndetse n’imbunda n’amagerenade. Kwica birangiye, imirambo imwe yatawe mu
myobo indi isigara aho ngaho. Aho mu Kigo cy’Abafureri twahasahuye imodoka, imyenda
n’ibiribwa bitandukanye. Icyo gihe kandi, twasahuye amaduka yo mu isoko rya Nyamirambo».
Umutangabuhamya avuga ko icyo gitero cyabatwaye imbaraga nyinshi, bityo bakaba baratashye
batarangije akazi kabo.
Ku itariki ya 10 Mata 1994, igitero simusiga cyongeye kugabwa mu kigo cy’Abafureri
kigambiriye guhanagura icyitwa Umututsi wari waharokokeye. Icyo gitero cyasubiye mu kigo
cy’Abafureri b’Abayozefiti bagamije guhiga bukware abari bongeye guhungirayo n’abari
baharokokeye. Ni ko byagenze kuko abo cyahasanze nta numwe warokotse. Kuri uwo munsi
kandi, icyo gitero cyahitanye abakobwa bari bacumbitse muri «Home» y’Ababikira
n’iy’Abasaveri zabarizwaga muri Segiteri ya Nyamirambo zibanje kubafata kungufu.
Interahamwe zimaze kubakorera ibyamfurambi no kubasambanya kugahato, zabamanukanye
180
muri Serire Rwezamenyo ariko babica umugenda. Benshi muri bo biciwe ku mashuri y’Intwari
bajugunywa mu cyobo cy’aho bitaga ku «Kigaraji»311.
Kwa Nyirangirabampatse hiciwe abakurwaga hirya no hino, cyane cyane abazanywe
n’Interahamwe mu mudoka babavanye hafi ya Paruwasi yitiriwe Mutagatifu Karoli Lwanga.
Kwa Rwagasana hiciwe abatutsi mpera z’ukwezi kwa Gicurasi 1994 mu igitero cyari kiyobowe
na Imananibishaka Jean Berchmas alias «Sukari» afatanyije na Mbarushimana J.Népo,
Ntamfurayishyari Jean Félix, Ntuyehe Isidore, Nyabyenda Jean Marie Vianney, Rushigajiki
Herman312, n’abandi benshi, cyagabye igitero simusiga mu rugo rw’umusaza witwaga
Rwagasana Jean Baptiste wari utuye muri Serire ya Kabuguru. Usibye kuba yari Umututsi
agomba kwicwa, bamushinjaga ko iwe hihishe Inkotanyi. Izo nterahamwe zatinye kwinjira yo
maze zijya guhuruza abasirikare bo muri «Mont Kigali» maze bazana ya modoka bita «burende».
Iyo niyo yarashe umuryango wa Rwagasana n’abari bari muri urwo rugo bagera kuri 20.
Ku mashuri yo ku Ntwari hiciwe abantu benshi baturutse hirya no hino, cyane cyane abakobwa
bavanywe muri Home y’Ababikira no mu macumbi y’Abasaveri i Nyamirambo.
Ku itariki ya 8 Mata 1994 saa mbiri za mu gitondo kwa Pasteur Amoni Iyamuremye hiciwe
Abatutsi. Pasteur Iyamuremye Amoni yari ahagarariye Intara y’Uburasirazuba mu Itorero
ry’Abadivantisite b’umunsi wa Karindwi mu Rwanda. Yari atuye ku Kabusunzu, muri Serire ya
Munanira. Icyo gitero cyari kiyobowe na Mahoro Fidèle mwene Pasteur Bitushya Silas
wakoranaga na Pasteur Iyamuremye Amon, Ntamfurayishyari Félix, Mbarushimana Jean
Népomuscene, Rwemarika Jean de Dieu n’izindi nterahamwe.Uwamugambaniye ni «Pasteur»
mugenzi we witwa Ishimwe Samuel uva inda imwe n’uwitwa Bitushya.
Pasteur Amoni, uwo bashakanye, abana n’abandi bantu b’inshuti bari bahamaze iminsi bakimara
kumva ko Interahamwe zahageze banze gufungura, bigumira mu nzu kuko babonaga n’ubundi
izo nterahamwe zitari bubagirire impuhwe. Izo nterahamwe zabanje kurwana n’inzugi ariko
birangira bafashe icyemezo cyo kumena risansi ahantu hose barangiza bagatwika. Umuryango wa
«Pasteur» Amoni watikiriye mu nzu utyo kuko mu bari bayirimo ntawigeze arokoka.
311
Ubuhamya bwatanzwe n’uwahamijwe icyaha cya Jenoside akaba yari muri icyo gitero. Mageragere, kuya 9
Mutarama 2019.
312
Uyu Rushigajiki yari yungirije Burugumesitiri wa Komini ya Kacyiru.
181
Muri Gicurasi 1994, muri serire Rwezamenyo hagabwe igitero kiyobowe na Habyarimana bitaga
Kigingi kica umugabo witwa Arthur wari utuye kuri TRAFIPRO. Cyahitanye kandi Cyuma wari
umuturanyi we hanyuna imibiri yabo ijugunywa mu cyobo kwa Nyiranyamibwa Thacienne aho
bitaga mu Kigaraje. Ahandi hiciwe abantu benshi ni ahaherereye icyobo cyajugunywemo
umuhungu wa Spéciose witwaga Richard alias Mutama n’abandi benshi. Icyo cyobo kiri iruhande
rwa butike iri hafi yo kwa Mukakimenyi Spéciose 313. Mu rugo ahahoze ari inzu ya Utumabahutu
Jean,314 hari icyobo (fosse sceptique) cyakuwemo abantu bagera muri mirongo irindwi harimo
abana ba Mukakimenyi Spéciose 315.
Mu mpera z’Ukwezi kwa gatanu na none igitero kiyobowe na Habyarimana Alias Kigingi
kirimo Nyabyenda Jean Marie Vianney, Sudi, Nyankuri, Gikongoro, n’abandi baje muri
kamyoneti bari babohoje kwa nyakwigendera Nyiranyamibwa Thacianna binjira mu Kigo
cy’Imfubyi kitiriwe Gisimba bahicira umukozi waho bamurashe 316.
Urupfu rw’abana ba Mukakimeyi Spéciose bitaga Mama Goretti, Richard alias Mutama, Sandra
na Rose bitaga Gigi rubazwa Nyirimanzi Geregori. Nyamara uyu mwicanyi ruharwa Nyirimanzi
yarerewe mu rugo kwa Mukakimenyi Spéciose. Nyirimanzi Geregori ubu aremera icyaha kandi
agasaba imbabazi uyu Mukakimenyi Spéciose. Mukakimenyi Spéciose avuga ukuntu yarereue
iwe mu rugo uyu Nyirimanzi Geregori wari ku isonga ry’ubwicanyi bwabereye mu gace ka
Nyamirambo, muri Serire ya Rwezamenyo by’umwihariko. Mukakimenyi Spéciose wagizwe
inshike na Nyirimanzi Geregori, n’ubwo ababazwa n’urupfu abana be yakundaga, ababazwa
cyane n’iyicwarubozo bakorewe, bagashinyagurirwa, bagafatwa ku ngufu, bakagaburirwa
ibitaribwa n’umuntu wari ubazi bareranywe, n’ibindi.
Mukakimenyi Spéciose: «…Nabonaga umuryango we udafite ubushobozi buhagije bitewe
n’umubare w’abana bavukanaga. Bukeye nabwiye iwabo baramumpa, atangira kuba iwanjye.
Usibye n’ibyo ninjye wamurihiraga amashuri. Nari nzi ko abana banjye bareranywe na we
yababona nk’abavandimwe. Yabakoreye ibintu bibi, n’iyo abica… ariko ntiyanyuzwe… ubu
aransaba imbabazi yaranyiciye abana nkaba negamye nk’igiti, baramugaje… Hari ikibaho
313
Ubuhamya bw’uwarokotse Jenoside, Rwezamenyo, kuya 8 Gashyantare 2019.
Iyi nzu ivugwa hano ubu ntikiri iya Utumabahutu kuko yaje kugurwa n’umugore uva inda imwe na Sakumi
Anselme ari nawe wagize uruhare mu iboneka ry’imibiri yabonetse muri urwo rugo.
315
Abo bana ni Kagoyire Rose alias Gigi na Cendra.
316
Uyu mu Sociale yari umugore w’umugabo witwa Kayiranga Isaac.
314
182
yanyoherereje kivuye muri gereza cyanditseho ngo nimugirire impuhwe… cyazanywe na ba
Pasitoro bajya kubigisha ijambo ry’Imana muri gereza zitandukanye»317
Mukakimenyi Spéciose yarashwe kuya 7 Mata 1994 n’umusirikare witwa Ndori nyuma yuko
barwanira imbunda ashaka kwica abana be. Muri uko kuyirwanira, ku irembo ry’urugo rwe hari
abantu ariko nta n’umuntu wigeze aza kumukiza cyangwa ngo amubaze icyo yapfaga n’uwo
musirikare. Igihe Mukakimenyi yarwanaga n’uwo musirikare abana be bahise bahungira mu
baturanyi kwa Karambizi alias “Bisupu”. Igihe Mukakimenyi yari agiye gufata uwo musirikare
amubwira ko adashobora kumwicira imfubyi umugabo we Rurangirwa Laurent yamusigiye, uwo
musirikare yahise amukubita inkokora mu gituza Spéciose imbunda arayirekura. Uwo musirikare
yahise amurasa amasasu atatu afata mu kibero ahita yiruka.
Ijoro riguye, abana be bari bihishe kwa Bisupu bagarutse mu rugo ariko bari bazi ko nyina
yitabye Imana. Bahageze basanze aryamye hasi yaviriranye cyane ariko agihumeka, bagerageje
kumuterura bamwinjiza mu nzu barangije barakinga318. Yaje gutandukana n’abana be bukeye
bwaho ku itariki 8 Mata 1994 ubwo umugiraneza yamujyanaga kwivuza mu bitaro bya Kigali
bya CHK.
4.8.6.3. Iyicwarubozo ryakorewe Abatutsi muri Segiteri ya Nyakabanda
Ingero z’Abatutsi bishwe urubozo ni benshi ariko muri Segiteri ya Nyakabanda. Twavuga
nk’uburyo Mugemanyi yishe abana ba Mukakimeyi Spéciose urw’agashinyaguro. Bitewe n’uko
Mukakimenyi yari yarakomeretse, yasize abana be mu rugo uko bari batatu: Rurangirwa Richard,
Rose bitaga Gigi na Sandra ajya kwivuza ku bitaro CHK. Mugemanyi wari ucumbitse kwa
Spéciose ni we wasigaranye abo bana abagira abagore be akajya abasambanya. Hashize
nk’ibyumweru bibiri mu rugo kwa Spéciose haje umusirikare wo mu Nzirabwoba yambura abo
bana Mugemanyi. Bageze kuri bariyeri yo kwa «Premier Sergent»319 Interahamwe
zarabahagaritse zibanza kujya gushaka Nyirimanzi Geregori. Interahamwe yitwa Saidi ni yo
yihutiye kujyayo maze igarukana na Geregori. Geregori na bagenzi be babwiye uyu musirikare
nabi cyane birangira afashe imodoka ye asiga abo bana aho ngaho.Geregori yabajyanye ubwo
317
Ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Mukakimenyi Soeciose bita mama Goreth, Rwezamenyo kuya 12 Werurwe 2019.
Mugemanyi n’umugore bari bacumbikiwe mu mazu yo kwa Mukakimenyi Spéciose ntibigeze bamuha byibuze
ubufasha bw’ibanze. N’igihe yaraswaga bari aho ku irembo n’abandi baturanyi.
319
Iyi bariyeri n’iyakabiri uturutse kuri bariyeri bitaga iyo kwa Mama Goreth.
318
183
avuga ko agiye kubafungira ku biro bya Segiteri ya Nyakabanda ariko yari afite umugambi wo
kubagira abagore be. Sandra na Gigi Geregori yabagize abagore na ho musaza wabo Rurangirwa
Richard bitaga Mutama amufungira mu kumba aho kuri segiteri. Mu kubica urubozo, iyo
yamaraga kubasambanya yahamagaraga abantu ngo baze barebe uko Abatutsikazi bateye. Yageze
aho abaha inkari ze ngo bazinywe ababwira ngo nibanywe Nido z’iwabo. Abo bana yarabakubise
cyane bahakanye kunywa izo nkari ze. Iyo yabahaga ibyo kurya yabinikiraga ibigori mu mazi
akabaha ngo bahekenye. Aba bana barababajwe cyane mbere yo gupfa. Akimara kubona ko
Inkotanyi zigeze hafi, ubwo hari mu mpera z’ukwezi kwa Gicurasi, agiye guhunga we na bagenzi
be bashoreye abo bana babageza ahahoze Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda ku nzu y’umugabo
witwaga Pasitoro Utumabahutu Jean wo mu itorero EPR. Zafunguye icyobo gisanzwe kijyamo
umwanda uvuye mu misarani yo mu nzu zibohera Sandra na Rose bitaga “Gigi” mu ishuka
zirangije zibajugunyamo ari bazima zirapfundikira 320.
Richard we ntiyicanwe na bashiki be. Amaze kubona agashinyaguro bakorera bashiki be yagize
agahinda aratoroka. Igihe yari ageze kwa Gisimba ahari bariyeri yashakishije uko yinjiramo
birakunda maze agezemo za Nterahamwe zimubona yagezemo. Interahamwe zaramukurikiye 321,
kandi ubwo hari abandi bantu Gisimba Mutezintare Damas yari ahishe. Ni ko kumwirukankana
bavuza induru, bamumenesha mu kigo, yiruka agana iwabo ku muhanda ukurikira uwo kwa
Gisimba, Interahamwe ziramukurikira zigenda zimurasa ari na ko zivuza induru. Ageze mu
rusisiro rw’iwabo Interahamwe zari ziri kuri bariyeri yari yashyizwe imbere y’iwabo neza zihita
zimutsinda aho322. Zirangije kumwica zamushyize mu cyobo kiri hafi ya butike yegeranye
n’urugo hazwi kw’izina ryo kwa Mama Goretti, icyobo cyajugunywemo abantu benshi barimo
abana b’umupasitori uva indimwe na Rwigara Assinapol.
Mushiki wa Sakumi Anselme waje kugura inzu aho hataburuwe imibiri y’abana ba Mukakimenyi
Spéciose hari harajugumywe abantu bagera kuri mirongo irindwi. Igihe cyo gutaburura icyo
cyobo abana ba Mukakimenyi ntibabonetse kubera ko ari bo babanje kujugunywamo hasi cyane
bityo ntibabasha kubageraho. Nyiri urugo yaje kubwira umukozi ngo afungure icyo cyobo
320
Ubuhamya bwatanzwe n’uwarokotse Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri Rwezamenyo, kuya 10 Gashyantare 2019.
Gisimba ntiyashatse kubwira uyu mubyeyi w’uyu mwana abirukankanye umwana we bakamumenesha mu kigo
aho yari ahungiye, ndetse bakagenda bamurasa umugenda kugeza igihe agwiriye mu gaco k’izindi Nterahamwe
zikamwica ubuzima.
322
Ubuhamya bwatanzwe n’uwarokotse Jenoside mu murenge wa Rwezamenyo, Gashyantare 2019.
321
184
hagamijwe kureba aho kigeze maze bafunguye babonamo umutwe w’umuntu. Hasi kandi hari
ikintu gisa n’igifuka gipakiyemo ibintu. Bagerageje kugikuramo barangije baragihambura
basangamo abantu babiri. Ubwo yari Sandra na murumuna we Rose, abana ba Spéciose. Bari
bagifite indangamuntu na pasiporo byaabo. Mu bya ngomwa bya Sandra basanzemo agafoto ka
nyina n’aka se, ibikomo Sandra yambaraga, amasaha, amaherena. Imyenda yabo yari mizima nta
maraso yari ariho bivuga ko babahambye ari bazima. Sandra yari acyambaye udukweto yari
amaze iminsi akuye i Bujumbura turiho idarapo ry’Amerika. Ibyo byose byari ibyo bari
basanzwe Bambara. Izo pasiporo, indangamuntu n’amafoto byatumye nyina atashidikanya ko ari
abana be ashyinguye323.
Roti Bizimana, abenshi bari bazi ku izina “Nsigaye ndi umuzungu, nsigaye nitwa Patron”,
umugore n’abana batanu babiciye aho yari atuye. Yishwe n’igitero cyari kiyobowe na Konseye
Geregori n’izindi Nterahamwe. Hashize icyumweru bishe Roti, bagiye gushaka umugore we
n’abana ngo nabo babice. Icyo gihe nibwo bazanye umugore wa Ruhatana Ignace324 nawe wari
umaze iminsi yiciwe umugabo. Geregori n’Interahamwe ze zarabazamukanye zibicira kuri
bariyeri yari hafi y’umuhanda winjira kuri kaburimbo iva i Nyamirambo igana Nyabugogo.
Abacanyi bamaze kwivugana Loti n’umuryango we bateye urugo rw’umuturanyi we witwaga
Nduguteye Alphonse325 ziramuhitana. Uwo munsi habanje kuza iwe mu rugo umusirikare
w’inzirabwoba amusangana n’umugore we witwaga Spéciose, ababwira ko agiye kubica.
Umugore wa Nduguteye yari asanzwe asenga cyane maze abwira uwo musirikare ati reka
tubanze dusenge mbere y’uko utwica kuko utazi icyo ukora. Bamaze gusenga Spéciose amuha
bibiliya ngo izamubere intwaro arangije uwo musirikare ahita abica.
Kamanayo wari umwarimu ku ishuri ry’Intwari nabo mu muryango we bishwe n’Interahamwe
zari ziyobowe n’uwitwa Semutwa Vianney yari yarigishije. Uwo mwicanyi Semutwa na bagenzi
be bamaze kwivugana Kamanayo n’abo mu muryango we bahise batera urugo rw’umugabo
witwa Kayitare na we baramwica.
323
Ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Spéciose Mukakimenyi, Rwezamenyo, kuya 16 Gashyantare 2019.
Ruhatana Ignace yari umukozi wa MINIPLAN akaba n’umunyamuryango akaba no mu bashinze Kanyarwanda
ASBL.
325
Uyu Nduguteye ni musaza wa Mukandemezo Colette umunyamakuru muri RBA
324
185
4.8.7. Segiteri ya Kimisagara
Ishyirwaho rya za bariyeri muri Segiteri ya Kimisagara ryaherekejwe n’itangwa ry’imbunda.
Bityo bamwe mu bari abakuru b’Interahamwe cyangwa se abari abakuru mu ngabo z’igihugu
z’icyo gihe cyangwa se abandi bari babifitiye ububasha batanze imbunda baziha abari kuri za
bariyeri kugira ngo bafashe Inzirabwoba kwikiza uwitwaga umwanzi w’imbere 326 nk’uko byari
byarasobanuwe na Colonel Nsabimana Déogratias. Muri bo twavuga Majoro Mugemana na
Generali Bizimungu waje kuba umugaba w’ingabo. Abo bagabo bombi batanze imbunda baziha
abantu ku Kimisagara. Generali Bizimungu yari afite umugabo w’inshuti ye bavugaga ko
ashobora kuba ari muramu we bitaga Mujyarugamba Athanase alias Croix Rouge wari ufite
akabari. Icyo gihe yamuhaye imbunda kimwe n’abandi barimo Kampayana, Mbabariye na
Tadeyo umuhungu wa Mujyarugamba Athanase 327.
Bariyeri yo kwa Karushara yari munsi y’urugo rwe imbere yo kwa Gakoko 328. Ugereranyije yari
iteganye n’ikigo cy’amazi cya ELECTROGAZ. Karushara yanze kuyishyira mu irembo rye maze
ayigiza epfo gato. Wayisangagaho abahungu be, Interahamwe yitwa Pascal, umusirikare wabaga
mu rugo kwa Karushara, Sebitabi Vincent, Ndahiro, Habimana Jean Baptiste329 mwene
Mutuganyi, umupolisi witwaga Segaruka, Bakundukize Abdou, Gicumba Ladislas 330, Mugabo
Alphonse331, Rudomoro mwene Siméon, Nzaramba, Mubuyi n’abandi. Iyi bariyeri yo kwa
Karushara ni yo yakorerwagaho inama zisuzuma ubwicanyi bwakozwe, bakamenya Abatutsi
bataricwa, hagafatirwamo imigambi yo gukomeza kubashakisha. Kuri iyi bariyeri ni ho kandi
ababaga bitwaye neza baboneraga ibihembo cyangwa bagabana ibyo basahuye mu ngo
z’Abatutsi. Aha kandi habagiwe inka nyinshi zabaga zanyazwe Abatutsi bishwe, bakazibabagira
mu rugo kwa Karushara mu rwego rwo kubashimira. Iyi bariyeri yiciweho Gahunga Claude
326
Umututsi wari mu gihugu imbere ni we wari wariswe umwanzi ugomba kwikizwa.
Ubuhamya bwa Mudacyahwa Emmanuel, Kimisagra kuya 02 Gashyantare 2019.
328
Impamvu yayishyize kwa Gakoko kwari ukugira ngo habemo umwanya na we umuha umutekano.
329
Uyu yakatiwe 14 baramurekura bavuga ngo yari mineur. Ubu aba mu Buhinde
330
Uyu ntambabazi yicaga abantu urubozo. Yaje gufungwa yirega icyaha ageze hanze gacaca imukatira imyaka 30
hanyuma ahita acika.
331
Uyu akatiye imyaka 30 kubera ibyaha bya Jenoside no kwica Abatutsi urubozo. Afungiye muri gereza ya
Mageragere.
327
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n’umugore we, Ntaganda Edson, abana ba Ndegeya, Mudebereza Jean Paul wari umushoferi
bamaze kumucuza imyenda mbere yo kumwica332.
Izi nterahamwe zo kuri bariyeri yo kwa Karushara zajyaga zinjira mu ngo z’Abatutsi
zikabashimuta. Ni zo zishe umugabo witwaga Mututsi bamuvanye ahitwa Nyagakoki. Yishwe na
Segaruka wari umupolisi kuri Segiteri ya Kimisagara. Bamujugunye muri Nyabugogo. Hari
umugabo witwaga Rwabuyanga wakoraga muri EMEX wishwe na Jean de Dieu afatanyije na
Rudomoro mwene Siméon. Na we bamaze kumwica bamumanura ku ngorofani bajya
kumujugunya muri Nyabugogo.
Interahamwe yitwaga Kimiri mwishywa wa Major Mugemana we na bagenzi be bo bateye kwa
Kabuguza bica umugore wa Kabuguza witwaga Spéciose bamutwikiye mu nzu. Uyu Mugemana
kandi niwe watanze imbunda aziha ababaga bari kuri za bariyeri ngo bafashe inzirabwoba
guhashya umwanzi333.
Bariyeri yari yashyizwe kwa Kabuguza mu ikorosi umaze kurenga ku kigo kiyungurura amazi
cya ELECTROGAZ yategekwaga na Mbarubukeye Evariste bita Kazungu afatanyije na Caporal
Athanase wari avuye mu Inzirabwoba.
Bariyeri yo ku Kagega yari iyobowe na Sekimonyo. Yakusanyirizwagaho Abatutsi biciwe ku
Kidirishya. Interahamwe yitwa Pfukamusenge Tharcisse afatanyije na Gasongo, Gasimba na
Claver, bajugunyaga Abatutsi bishwe mu ishyamba rya Michel mu cyobo bitaga kwa Liyetona.
Naho bariyeri ya Kavakure na Nyirantibimenya Donata wari Resiponsabure wa Kimisagara
yaboborwaga na Kavumbutse Yoramu na Népo bitaga Gitenge. Iruhande rw’iyi bariyeri hari
icyobo cyajugunywemo abantu benshi. Iyi bariyeri yiciweho umugore wa Kalisa witwaga Rose
bari bamaze gufomoza umwana. Uwo mubyeyi wari umaze gukorerwa ako gashinyaguro umuntu
umwe yarahanyuze maze amutwikiriza ibati ariko agahinja bari bamaze kumufomoza imbwa zari
zagatanyagurije aho ngaho.
332
Habimana na Abdou bagize uruhare rukomeye muri icyo gitero baburanishijwe n’inkiko gacaca bakatirwa imyaka
30
333
Ijambo “Umwanzi” mu bijyanye n’imyiteguro ya Jenoside ryahawe igisobanuro na Colonel Nsabimana wari
umugaba w’ingabo za FAR. Iyo bavugaga umwanzi byabaga bishatse kuvuga “Umututsi”.
187
Bariyeri yo kwa Etienne ahubatse ubu uruganda rw’imigati yari ikuriwe na Nkurunziza Cyriaque
mwene Etienne afatanyije na Muhingabo, Twagiramungu Alex, Frodouald bitaga Forodo,
Médard, Burumbuke Karoli, Silas n’abandi.
Bariyeri yo kuri Garaji ECOMER y’umugabo witwa Munyarukina imbere yo kwa Ibrahimu. Iyi
bariyeri yariho Interahamwe zikurikira: Masasu, Njyonjyo, Bujisho, Rwabirinda, Simba
n’abahungu be, Mutemberezi, Karasanyi, Papiyasi wari umukarasi mu matagisi, Mukombozi,
Ibrahimu wari uhafite akabare k’urwagwa. Iyi bariyeri kandi yariho umugore w’Interahamwe
karundura witwaga Mukagahutu Jeanne wari warabaye umujandarume. Izi Nterahamwe ziciye
abantu batagira ingano kuri iyi bariyeri. Mu bari batuye Nyabugogo bahaguye hari uwitwa
Mutangana Gabriel334 wishwe na Bujisho afatanyije na Masasu. Uyu mugabo bamwiciye iwe
barangije bamushyira ku ngorofani baza kumujugunya muri Nyabugogo. Kubera ko yari
yaravunitse akaguru atagaterura ntiyabashaga kuva mu rugo ndetse n’inzara yari imaze
kumuzahaza bamwishe amaze kugira intege nke.
Undi wahiciwe wari utuye hafi aho ni Karangwa Alphonse wari utuye ku Muhima waje
aherekejwe na Liyetona Mutabaruka Jean Paul. Bageze kuri iyo bariyeri izo Nterahamwe
zibabuza gukomeza, bakuramo uwo Karangwa bahita bamwicira aho. Liyetona Mutabaruka Jean
Paul ni we watwaye imodoka ya Karangwa ya Hilux akimara kwicwa335. Uwo musirikare yaje
kuza mu ngabo za APR, nyuma afungirwa ku Mulindi muri gereza ya gisirikare. Kuri iyi bariyeri
hiciwe abantu benshi bakajugunywa mu mugezi wa Nyabarongo n’abandi batagira ingano
bajugunywe mu cyobo cyamenwagamo amavuta n’indi myanda yavanwaga muri garaji
“ECOMER”.
Bariyeri yari imbere y’ahubatse inzu izwi ku izina rya «Chez Manu» igamije gusaka Abatutsi
babaga bahunga basohoka cyangwa binjira mu Mujyi wa Kigali. Hiciwe Sagahutu, Kabuguza na
Kayijamahe Martin. Hari undi mwana w’umusore wahungaga bamaranye akanya bataramwica
hanyuma aza kuraswa na Ntawuruhunga Laurent. Abandi ni ababaga baturutse kure batabashije
334
Uyu mugabo yari yaravunitse akaguru adahaguruka, ntiyari gushobora guhunga ngo agende wenda yicirwe
ahandi.
335
Uyu musirikare Liyetona Jean Paul Mutabaruka utarashatse gukiza Karangwa ziriya Nterahamwe kandi bari
kumwe yaje mu ngabo za APR ariko aza gufatwa arafungwa kubera ibyaha bya Jenoside n’ibindi byaha byakorewe
inyokomuntu.
188
kumenyekana. Bicwaga bahunga ubwicanyi bw’aho bari batuye. Abo imodoka za MINITRAPE
ni zo zazaga kubapakira zikajya kubajugunya muri Nyabarongo.
Bariyeri yo kuri ya sitasiyo ya lisanse ya “Discentre” yari ikoraniro ry’Interahamwe zo mu
Gatsata na Kimisagara iyobowe na Simba Emmanuel bahimbaga Wanyika. Uyu Simba ni we
wahaye Interehamwe amabwiriza yo kutongera gusaba indangamuntu ngo barebe isura gusa.
Simba yafatanije n’Interahamwe nyinshi zirimo Muhingabo Appolinaire, Serugendo, Epa, Mulisa
wakatiwe akaba afungiye i Mageragere, Mazembe Gahwigiri, Cyubahiro, Izayi, Mazembe,
Emmanuel umuhungu wa Simba, Muvunyi wo mu Gatsata, Mafene umuhungu wa Nsekeyabanzi,
Lambert Akumuntu, Pacifique mwene Mbaraga, Mukera umuhungu wa Izayi n’abandi. Iyi
bariyeri yiciweho abantu babaga bavuye mu Gatsata n’igice cya Kimisagara na Nyabugogo
bahunga. Yiciweho Sagahutu wari uvuye mu Gatsata n’umugore wa Thimothée witwaga Thérèse,
umugore wa Kanimba maze babajugunya mu ruzi wa Nyabugogo.
Bariyeri yari ku kabare ka Sebabirigi yari iyobowe na Muberuka Adiriyani yiciweho na
Kayijamahe Martin.
Bariyeri yo ku Kidirishya yayoborwaga na Ntakobatagira Elias afatanyije n’Interahamwe yitwa
Gahungu, Célestin wari utuye mu Nyakabingo, abo kwa Ntiyamira n’abandi. Ku itariki ya 10
Mata kuri iyi bariyeri hazanywe abantu 52 bari bakuwe muri serire Katabaro na Kamuhoza
bavanywe kuri bariyeri y’ahitwa ku kagega k’amazi. Icyo gihe Interahamwe zabashoreye zimaze
kubatamika amabuye ndetse bahambiriwe amaboko inyuma n’imyenda bari bambaye.
Ntibashoboraga kuvuga cyangwa ngo batake kubera ayo mabuye bari babatamitse.
Ku cyumweru itariki ya 10 Mata 1994, Mudacyahwa Emmanuel bita «Kibukira» warokotse
Jenoside yamanukanye n’abandi Batutsi bagerana ku Kidirishya. Atubwira ko bahageze mu ijoro
ryo kuwa gatandatu Interahamwe zibaraza aho bita ku kagega k’amazi zibabwira ngo baje mu
nama. Aragira ati: “Abagore bacu n’abana ntitwari kumwe nabo kuko abagore bari
bataratangira kubica. Muri icyo gitondo cyo ku itariki ya 10 Mata badutamitse amabuye
batuzirikira amaboko inyuma bakoresheje imyenda twari twambaye, umwe mu bo twari kumwe
witwa Muzolewa igihe batuzirikaga yavuyemo ariruka. Asiga barimo kutuzirika badutondesha
umurongo tumanuka twerekeza kuri bariyeri y’ahitwa ku Kidirishya. Mu batuziritse harimo
Interahamwe yitwa Gahungu na Kabanda Paul bitaga CDR. Ubwo Abahutu bari bahuruye baje
189
kureba uko batwica, badushungeye, badukwena, batuvuma n’amagambo mabi yabavaga mu
kanwa. Tukigera aho ku kidirishya ni bwo batangiye kuturasa bigera aho batangira gukoresha
impiri n’inkota kugira ngo bahwanye abari bakomeretse ariko bagihumeka. Kwica babonye
birangiye haje imashini ya kateripirari imwe ijya iyora ibitaka n’ikamyo yipakurura. Imashini
itangira kuyora imena muri ya kamyo nyuma ijya kumena mu mugezi wa Nyabarongo. Iyo
katerepilari yaje itwawe n’umugabo witwa Uwamahoro wo ku Kimisagara, Interahamwe
zunamuye icumu kuko zigambaga ko zinaniwe. Uwamahoro yanyujije imashini ya katerepilari
hejuru y’abari bamaze kwicwa, isyonyora imirambo hapfiramo n’abandi bari bagihumeka”336.
Mu bwicanyi bwabereye aha ku Kidirishya kuri iyo tariki mu bantu mirongo itanu na babiri baje
kuhicirwa bavanywe ahitwa ku “Kagunguru”, haharokotse gusa Mudacyahwa Emmanuel na
Pierre na Rusanganwa Jean de la Croix.
4.8.7.1. Umwihariko wa Karushara Rose mu guhuza ibikorwa byo kwica Abatutsi
Karushara Roza azwi nk’umugore w’igishegabo wari utinyitse cyane wakomokaga ku kibuye.
Yari umwicanyi kabombo watanze intwaro intwaro zakoreshejwe mu kwica abatutsi muri
Kimisagara yose ndetse yarambutse ajya kuyobora ubwicanyi muri Segiteri ya Gitega na Cyahafi.
Kubera ubugome bwe burenze ukwemera n’umutima utagira impuhwe, yari yarahaye
Interahamwe yayoboraga amabwiriza yo kubanza gufata ku ngufu abagore n’abakobwa no
gushahura abagabo mbere yo kubica. Karushara Roza afatanije n’abakobwa be Mukakayibanda
na Nyirandegeya bishe Appolinaire n’abana be babiri babajugunya mu rutoki baribwa n’imbwa.
336
Ubuhamya bwa Mudacyahwa Emmanuel, Kimisagra kuya 02 Gashyantare 2019.
190
Mukakayibanda
alias
“Mukaperezida”
umukobwa wa Karushara Roza bishe imbaga
y’Abatutsi muri Segiteri ya Kimisagara.
Kimwe na Nyina umubyara, yabaye
interahamwe akagengana umuhoro n’ubuhiri
“Impongano y’Umwanzi” yiteguye kwica
abatutsi.
Ishusho yavanywe ku murandasi
Yazengurukaga ahantu agenzura uko Interahamwe zishishikariye kwica Abatutsi. Yanezezwaga
no kubona hari Interahamwe imuzaniye umutwe cyangwa ibishahu (iyo yabaga ari umugabo)
by’Umututsi yabaga yabatumye kwica. Yakundaga kandi kugororera Interahamwe zigaragaje mu
kwica Abatutsi benshi cyane cyane Abatutsi bari bazwi kubera ko ari abacuruzi cyangwa se
kubera ko bize. Abandi bagore bitabiriye ubwicanyi ni:
–
Mukakayibanda wari uzwi ku izina rya “Mukaperezida” akaba umukobwa Karushara
wigeze kwica umugabo witwa Pascal wo mu Cyahafi;
–
Nyiramana Eugènie, ava inda imwe na Kavakure yabaga ari mu bitero byose byayogoje
Kimisagara, Cyahafi na Gitega;
–
Mukagahutu Jeanne, we yagendaga hejuru ya bisi. Yari mu Nterahamwe zitoje kandi
yabaga ari kumwe n’Interahamwe mu bitero hirya no hino, Gitikinyoni, Discentre na
Simba Wanyika, Kimisagara na Nyakabanda na ho yari yarogeye.
–
Mukamwezi na we yizirikaga n’imigozi ku modoka. Yagaragaye cyane muri mitingi no
mu myigaragambyo y’amashyaka. Na we yazengurukaga Kigali yose areba uko
ubwicanyi bugenda.
191
Abandi bose barezwe mu Rukiko Gacaca rwa Kimisagara, bashinjwa ibyha bya jenoside
baranakatirwa badahari.
4.8.7.2. Ahaguye imbaga y’Abatutsi benshi muri Segiteri ya Kimisagara
Ibitero byinshi byishe Abatutsi ku Kimisagara byaturukaga kwa Karushara bimaze guhabwa
amabwiriza ndetse iyo babaga barangije kwica habaga igihe cyo gutanga raporo.. Ni na ho kandi
byahuriraga bivuye kwica. Karushara ni we wagenzuraga ubwicanyi uko bukorwa muri Segiteri,
ndetse yarengaga n’imbibi akajya kuri «Sainte Famille». Kubera urwango yari afitiye Abatutsi,
yahawe ububasha budasanzwe, Jenoside imubera umwanya wo kugaragaza ubugome yakoranye
mu kushishikariza Abahutu kwitabira no kwica Abatutsi.
Interahamwe zadushoreye zari ziturutse kwa Karushara, zitugejeje ku Kidirishya turi kumwe
n’Interahamwe yitwa Ntakobatagira ari kumwe n’umugabo bitaga «Sergent» wari utuye mu mazu
ya Karushara akaba yarashakanye n’uwitwa Icyitegetse Jeanne umukobwa wa “Nyirarugohe”.
Bamaze kwaka abantu amarangamuntu baratuzamuye ku muhanda hafi y’ikidirishya dusanga
umusore witwa Kapitali wacuruzaga Caguwa bamaze kumwica ariko agisamba. Kayitsinga ni we
wakurikiyeho. Ubwo kwica abagore byari bitaragera igihe. Muri icyo gihe abadushoreraga
harimo Noheli Gataza, John ni we wakoranaga na Karushara bya hafi, Innocent, Kabizi, Célestin,
Twagira, Rukara Dominique, Kayibanda, Nsenga bitaga Koca, Nsababera uvuka i Nyanza,
Matoroshi, Muvala bitaga “Muzehe” wari warabaye umusirikare, Yowasi (ari iwabo ku Kibuye)
n’abandi batari bazwi amazina. Icyo gihe haguye uwitwa Kayitsinga Jean d’Amour na Kapitale
wacuruzaga imyenda.
Cécile yatwawe n’icyo gitero igihe bageze aho ku Kidirishya biciraga bamusabira imbabazi.
Ruhamanya wari muri izo Nterahamwe ni we wamusabiye imbabazi ngo bategereze umugabo we
azaze babone kumwica.
Ku munsi wakurikiyeho izo nterahamwe zishe Agronome Rucogoza Antoine wakoraga i
Nyagatare yishwe n’uwitwa Ruhamanya wasabye ko Rucogoza ashyirwa aho abandi bari.
Rucogoza na Cypriani bahise bajyanwakwa Karushara baregwa ko barimo kubarura Abatutsi
bamaze kwicwa. Cypriani yahise acika, muri uwo mugoroba bica Rucogoza.
192
Kuya 12 Gicurasi 1994 Karushara yakoresheje inama yo kureba niba hari Abatutsi bataricwa ngo
babahige bukware. Urutonde rw’abagomba gupfa muri Segiteri ya Kimisagara rwongeye
gusuzumwa bihagarariwe na Konseye Karushara afatanyije na Ruhamanya. Hari kandi
Ugirashebuja na John bari ibyegera bya Ruhamanya. Iyo nama yabereye ahitwa ku Kidirishya
ahari bariyeri iyobowe na Célestin afatanyije na Innocent. Aho ku Kidirishya kandi hari
hateraniye Interahamwe Karushara yari yemereye inka yo kurya. Imaze kuhagera barayibaze,
Interahamwe zigabana inyama maze zikomeza gahunda yo guhiga bukware Abatutsi aho bari
bihishe. Nyuma y’iyo nama yari igamije kubarura Abatutsi bakiriho bashatse kwica Cécile na
Donatha ariko Ruhamanya avuga ko batabica kuri uwo munsi ahubwo bazabasasira umubyeyi 337.
Kuri uwo munsi saa moya za nimugoroba ni bwo batangiye kwica. Bahereye kwa Karera
François, umugore baramutema bamuta mu cyobo. Umwana we witwa Uwimana na we bari
bamukubise ntampongano ariko we atarashiramo umwuka. Mukamurenzi Winiflida n’umuhungu
we Uwimana bo baje kurokoka bakuwe aho bari batawe mu cyobo barokowe n’umugabo wo mu
Cyahafi.
Icyo gitero cyari kiyobowe na Ruhamanya afatanyije n’Interahamwe yitwa Matoroshi. Bageze
kwa Semanyenzi bahise babasohora we n’umugore. Bageze hafi ya SODEPARAL bishe
Semanyenzi yabanje kubasaba imbabazi avuga ko azabagororera aramutse abayeho. Abicanyi
ntibamwumvise kuko Semanyenzi n’umugore babatsinze aho, barangije barabacuza. Imyenda ya
Semanyenzi yambarwaga na Matoroshi na ho ibitenge by’umugore we byajyaga byambarwa
n’umugore w’Interahamwe yitwa Innocent. Bamaze kwicwa bajugunywe mu cyobo
cyajugunywagamo impu kiri kuri SODEPARAL.
Icyo gitero cyakomereje ku’witwa Uwimana Martina. Amaze kumenya ko Interahamwe zije
yahungiye mu rugo rwa Yohani yakirwa n’umukecuru witwa mama Kabibi. Interahamwe zahise
zifata Muvala wafashije Martina kugera kwa Yohani zimujugunya mu cyobo cyo kwa Kabera ari
muzima maze zimutera gerenade aho muri uwo mwobo aba ari yo imushwanyaguza.
Bucyesenge wavukaga i Remera ya Rukoma wakoraga mu ibagiro rya OPROVIA yishwe amaze
kugambanirwa n’abo bakoranaga. Na we yishwe muri iryo joro ryo kuwa 12 Gicurasi
337
Umubyeyi uvugwa hano ni Perezida Juvénal Habyarimana.
193
1994bamwicanye n’undi musore. Ni uko Yasoni Ndikuryayo, Kosamu, Nsabimana, Karemera
n’abandi bishwe.
4.8.7.3. Iyicarubozo ryakorewe Abatutsi muri Segiteri ya Kimisagara
Kimwe n’ahandi mu Rwanda, Abatutsi barishwe muri Segiteri ya Kimisagara bakorerwa
iyacarubozo mbere na nyuma y’uko bavamo umwuka. Ingero zamenyekanye n’izi zikurikira:
–
Umugore wa Gahunga
wishwe
atwite
inda
y’imvutsi.
Interahamwe
zabanje
kumufomozamo umwana zimusiga aho asambagurika. Ibyo babikoreye kuri bariyeri yari
mu marembo kwa Karushara;
–
Ndegeya wishwe n’Interahamwe zoherejwe na Karushara zimutwikisha ipine ;
–
Alphonsine umugore wa Kabuguza wari ufite sitasiyo ya lisansi ku gitikinyoni na we
yishwe atwikishijwe ipine;
–
Nyirabukwe wa Kabuguza babanaga mu rugo, na basaza b’Umugore we Alphonsine
babiri, Interahamwe zabajugunye mu musarani, nyirabukwe bamusiga mu musarani
hejuru aho buri gitondo bakajya kumunyara mu kanwa ngo ziramuha icyayi cya mu
gitondo;
–
Kanamugire Marcel wishwe washahuwe, nyuma aratemagurwa, nyuma bamutwara ku
ngorofani bajya kumujugunya mu cyobo cyo kuri SODEPARAL;
–
Rose umugore wa Kanimba, Interahamwe zitwa Akumuntu Lambert mwene Sebabirigi
Roger n’abandi banya Kiruhura babanje kumufata ku ngufu bamumarana igihe kirekire
umugabo we yaramubuze. Ntibanyuzwe baje kumutema barangije bamushyira ibiti mu
nda ibyara bajya kumuta mu irimbi agihumeka ariko arembye. Yaje gutoragurwa mu
ishyamba ryari hafi y’irimbi ubwo abaturage ba Kimisagara bari batabaye umuryango
wari wapfushije umwana. Umugabo we nawe wari watabaye uwo muryango amukubise
amaso ahita avuza induru asaba abo bantu bari batabaye ngo bamufashe kumuheka.
Abaturage bamaze gushyingura uwo mwana ingobyi bamuzanyemo ni yo bakoresheje
guheka mugore wa Kanimba bamusubiza mu rugo ngo umugabo we amurwaze.
–
Umugore wa Kalisa witwaga Rose yari atwite inda nkuru, Interahamwe zaramubaze ngo
zirebe ikiri mu nda. Bamaze kumusatura inda bamusize agaramye aho akana bari bamaze
kumukuramo gasigara gasamba aho hasi, hashize akanya kahise gashiramo umwuka
194
hanyuma imbwa ziragashwanyaguza. Muri abo bamugize ze batyo harimo uwitwa
Akumuntu Lambert mwene Sebabirigi Roger n’abandi banya Kiruhura.
4.8.8. Segiteri ya Cyahafi
Hirya no hino muri Segiteri zihana imbibe na Cyahafi hari harimo kuba ubwicanyi ariko kugeza
tariki ya 12 Mata abaturage ba Cyahafi bari bagifite ubumwe kuko Konseye Michel yari yasabye
abantu gutangira gukora amarondo kugira ngo birindire umutekano. Icyo gihe ari Umututsi ari
n’Umuhutu bose bahuriraga kuri bariyeri, abandi bakayisimburanwaho.Yari yarasabye abaturage
kudasubiranamo ariko hagati aho ukabona Gitega, Kimisagara, Muhima n’ahandi ubwicanyi
burakorwa. Abaturage ba Cyahafi bari bagishyize hamwe bagira ngo Interahamwe za
Kimisagara, Muhima, Gitega ntizitere aho mu Cyahafi. Ni bwo bariyeri zikomeye zashyizwe
ahitwa mu Kanyanza zikumira abicanyi baturuka ku Muhima, kuri Mpazi bakumira abaturuka
Kimisagara, ndetse ahitwa mu Kakirinda hari bariyeri yakumiraga abicanyi baturuka ku Gitega.
Ibyo ariko ntibyamaze kabiri kubera urwikekwe rwari rwatangiye hagati y’Abahutu n’Abatutsi.
Nyuma umwuka wakomeje kugenda uba mubi mu baturage ba Cyahafi, bariyeri barazitinya
ndetse bamwe ntibazisubiraho. Ubwo ariko Konseye Michel yaje gufata icyemezo rwihishwa
abantu benshi batabizi ko na Cyahafi yatangira kwica. Umugoroba umwe abantu bari kuri za
bariyeri, we n’abandi bantu bagiye rwihishwa gukorera inama kuri butike y’umugabo witwa
Emmanuel wakomokaga ku Gisenyi. Ndayambaje Pierre na Zaburoni ubwo bari bagiye kuruhuka
gato kubera ko bari biriwe ku irondo, bageze imbere yo kwa Emmanuel, Ndayambaje Pierre ajya
kugura ipaki y’itabi aho kwa Emmanuel. Agezemo yasanzemo Konseye n’agatsiko k’Abahutu
karimo Twagira, Yonasi, Shumbusho n’abandi. Bakirabukwa Ndayambaje Pierre, bahise
bamwikanga na we abona ko hari ikibazo bamukinze. Ni uko urwikekwe rwatangiye.
Kuya 12 Mata 1994 mu gitondo ni bwo kwica Abatutsi byatangiye. Uwo munsi hishwe Gahutu338
umuhungu wa Nyirampiya bamutsinze munsi yahariya hubatse urwibutso rw’abazize Jenoside
yakorewe Abatutsi. Uwo munsi kandi hishwe undi mugabo utari usanzwe atuye mu Cyahafi
wahanyuze ahunga bamutsinda munsi ya Segiteri. Kuva icyo gihe ni bwo Abatutsi bo muri
Segiteri ya Cyahafi cyane cyane abari batuye muri Serire ya Kora babonye ko ibintu bigenda
birushaho kuba bibi.
338
Gahutu yakoraga akazi ko gutwara abantu ku ipikipiki.
195
Iminsi yakurikiyeho yabaye injyanamuntu kuko ubwicanyi bwakajije umurego ndetse n’inama
z’urudaca zikomereza kubera ku biro bya Segiteri aho Havugimana Michel yaheraga amabwiriza
Interahamwe. Abitabiraga cyane inama zo kuri Segiteri muri iyo minsi ni uwitwa Ndayambaje na
Ninja.
Kuya 14 Mata 1994 yabaye itariki idasanzwe n’ubwo n’andi atari yoroheye abahigwaga. Kuri
uwo munsi Konseye yatumiye inama ariko yitabirwa gusa n’abo yifuzaga kuyijyamo. Abaserire
na Resiponsabure bari batumiwe usibye umuserire umwe wari Umututsi utarigeze ayitumirwamo.
Ni uwitwa Ndayiroye André. Iyo nama yari irimo kandi ka gatsiko kari gasanzwe gakorera inama
mu kabare ka Emmanuel. Ndayambaje na Ninja nabo bari bayitabiriye. Muri icyo gihe kandi
kubiro bya Segiteri hahabarega haje kuza amakamyo ane yuzuyemo Interahamwe n’abasirikare.
Yahagaze hepfo y’ahari hubatse ibiro bya Segiteri akuramo abo bicanyi, akomeza urugendo. Izo
nterahamwe zari zafashe agahanda kari munsi y’ibiro bya segiteri gahinguka munsi ya «Gereza
ya 1930». Ntibyatinze kandi kuko hakurya muri Segiteri ya Kimisagara haturutse igitero
cy’Interahamwe zitwaje imbunda, amahiri ya ntampongano, amagerenade, imihoro n’amashoka
zije gufasha abari baje mu makamyo. Icyo gitero kihageze nacyo cyagumanye na babandi baje
kare bazanywe n’amakamyo. Ubwo hari nyuma ya saa sita hafi sa cyenda gutyo.
Muri izo gahunda zari zirimo kubera kuri Segiteri ni ho havuye imbarutso yo gutangiza
ubwicanyi mu Cyahafi n’ubwo hari abari bamaze kwicwa batagira ingano. Interahamwe yitwa
Munyawera yaje kurasa amasasu mu kirahuri cy’idirishya maze abari mu nama basohoka
basakuza bavuga ngo “Inyenzi zirashe Konseye Michel”. Ntibyatinze za Nterahamwe zahise
zizamuka zikoze imirongo ibiri ubona ziteguye kurasa zerekeje ku biro bya Segiteri. Icyo cyari
ikimenyetso cyo guhamagarira bya bitero byari biri ku muhanda wo hepfo 339 gutangira kwica
kuko ntawigeze arasa Konseye Michel. Abari kuri Segiteri bahise bafata indangururamajwi
batangira kuvuga ngo abantu bose nibasohoke mu ngo zabo, ngo uwo basanga mu rugo ni we
uba yarashe Konseye.
Ni bwo rero za Interahamwe zari ku gahanda ko k’epfo zazamutse ku mirongo ibiri zigana kuri
Segiteri ahaberaga ya nama. Kubera ayo mabwiriza mashya yari amaze gutangwa, abantu benshi
b’igitsinagabo bahise bajya hanze nk’uko amabwiriza bari bamaze gutanga yavugaga. Uwitwa
339
Interahamwe n’abasirikare bari bazanywe n’amakamyo ndetse na babandi bari baturutse ku Kimisagara.
196
Gafaranga yari Umututsi muremure arengeje hafi metero ebyiri, igihe na we yari ahagaze aho ku
nzira yazamukaga igana kuri Segiteri ya Cyahafi za Nterahamwe n’abasirikare zari zihagaze
hepfo ku muhanda igihe zazamukaga zigana kuri Segiteri, havuyemo umusirikare umwe ashyira
Gafaranga ku ruhande ahita amaurasa amutsinda aho. Gafaranga ni we Mututsi wabimburiye
abandi kwicwa muri Serire ya Kora. Uwitwa Ndayambaje Pierre wari umuturanyi we yahise
agaruka mu rugo iwe abwira umugore we ko umuturanyi wabo Gafaranga bamwishe.
Izo Nterahamwe zakomeje inzira zirenga ibiro bya Segiteri zigana mu Gakinjiro ahari hatuye
Abatutsi benshi bakomokaga i Nyanza. Aho mu Gakinjiro hari hatuye Abatutsi benshi barimo
abacuruza caguwa ndetse n’abadozi b’imyenda bakomokaga i Nyanza, Murama na Masango.
Abenshi muri bo bari abasore ku buryo washoboraga gusanga babana mu nzu ari nk’icumi.
Konseye Haragirimana Michel, Munyawera, Ndayambaje, Ninja n’izindi Nterahamwe zari kuri
Segiteri bahise bakurikira abo basirikare n’Interahamwe zari zigiye mu Gakinjiro340. Iraswa rya
Gafaranga ntawigeze amenya ko Jenoside itangiye byibuze ngo abantu batangire guhunga.
Haragirimana Michel yari konseye wa Cyahafi. Yakatiwe burundu y’umwihariko 341.
Igitero kikigera mu Gakinjiro ahari hatuye abo bitaga «abanyenyanza», Interahamwe n’abo
basirikare binjiye mu mazu yabo batangira kwica abantu bararasa, ari na ko batema abantu hari
Interahamwe zitwaje imihoro n’amashoka, amagerenade n’izindi ntwaro. Bishe abantu barenga
70 bari batuye aho, nta n’uwo kubara inkuru wasigaye. Interahamwe zimaze kwica zafashe
amagunira maremare amwe ajyamo ibiro ijana zitangira gupakiramo abantu zari zimaze kwica,
maze zikaza zikurura iyo mifuka zagera kuri uriya muhanda wubatse amabuye zigafungura
igunira zikamena hanyuma zigasubirayo. Usibye abo bakoreshaga amagunira hari abandi
bashyiraga umuntu ku rugi zigaterura zikaza kujugunya kuri uriya muhanda. Bamaze kubona ko
bibavuna kubazana hepfo ku muhanda bahise batangira noneho kubajyana hejuru mu Gakinjiro
kuri kaburimbo.
Bukeye bwaho kuya 15 Mata saa tatu za mu gitondo, Interahamwe zamanuye abandi bantu
bagera kuri 60 zibaboheye amaboko inyuma zikoresheje amashati bari bambaye, berekeza aho
bari bajugunye imirambo y’abari baraye bishwe. Muri abo bari baboshye bagiye kwicirwa kuri
340
Impamvu babanje kujya kwica Abatutsi bo mu Gakinjiro n’uko batekereje ko ni bahera kwica Abatutsi batuye
muri Kora basanga abo mu Gakinjiro bahunze.
341
Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Cyahafi, Nyarugenge, 2009
197
uwo muhanda harimo umugabo witwa Ndayambaje Pierre wakoraga muri Minisiteri y’Imigambi
ya Leta (MINIPLAN). Bamaze kuhabageza babatondesheje umurongo umwe batangira kubarasa
urufaya, icyo gihe hishwe benshi amasasu aza gushira batangira kwicisha ubuhiri no gutema
abantu bakoresheje udushoka.
4.8.8.1. Bariyeri ziciweho Abatutsi muri Segiteri ya Cyahafi
Hari itsinda ry’Interahamwe indege yari itwaye Habyarimana ikimara guhanuka ryahise
rishyiraho bariyeri. Muri zo Nterahamwe twavuga Rwabutogo François wari umunyamakuru
wandikaga “La Médaille Nyiramacibiri”, Sebukiro Bosco, Musoni na Nteziryayo bene
Musominari, Sinamenye ufite nyina witwaga Thérèse, Maurice mwene Bahizi Etienne,
Bazumutima Innocent na Bazumutima Patrick, abahungu ba Bazumutima Ananiya.
-
Muri Serire ya “Akakirinda” honyine bashyizweho bariyeri zirenga eshanu. Mu Gakinjiro
kuri kaburimbo iruhande rwa Shyirakera Michel bitaga kuri Etat Majoro;
-
Bariyeri yo kuri “Café Nector”.
-
Bariyeri yari yashyizwe kwa Gatarama Alphonse munsi ya LNDC;
-
Bariyeri yashyizwe kuri “Tezefu” mu muhanda rwagati wa kaburimbo ibuza abantu kuba
bahungira mu macumbi y’abarimu ba Lycée Notre Dame de Cîtaux. Iyo bariyeri yari
ifitwe n’Interahamwe zifatanyije n’abasirikare. Yiciwe ho Ngabonziza Aimable na
Lambert barashwe n’umusirikare. Ubwo yari amaze kwirukanwa aho yari yahungiye muri
LNDC ari kumwe n’umwana bari baturanye witwa Lambert mwene Rudomo Aloys.
Bakigera kuri bariyeri yari hafi y’ahinjiraga ku macumbi y’abarimu ba LNDC,
umusirikari umwe yarabahagaritse maze ahita arasa Lambert naho Aimable Ngabonziza
ahita yiruka ajya kwihisha mu bwiherero. Umukecuru wari wamubonye aho yaihishe ni
we waharangiye uwo musirikare, maze aza kumutwara amwerekeza kuri ya bariyeri ahita
amurasa amasasu abiri yo mu mutwe ahita yitaba Imana342.
-
Bariyeri yari munsi y’ibiro bya segiteri hari akazu bari barahimbye “Kinihira”
kafungirwagamo abantu bategereje kwicwa;
-
Bariyeri yo kwa Vincent bari barahimbye muri Arusha. Hari indi bavugaga ko iyoborwa
na Ndayambaje wo kwa Rugwizangoga, iyi yiciweho abantu magana abiri muisaha imwe.
342
Ubuhamya Gatsimbanyi Ernest, Nyarugegenge, kuya 12 Mutarama 2019.
198
Uyu Ndayambaje yabyiyemereye mu rubanza yarezwemo mu nkiko Gacaca. Uyu yemera
ko yishe we ubwe abarenga magana atanu.
-
Mu muhanda ugana ku bitaro bya CHUK hashyizwe bariyeri nayo yari ifitwe
n’abasirikare bafatanyije n’Interahamwe.
-
Bariyeri yari munsi y’ishuri ry’amaposita ubu hubatse Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Iteganyagihe.
Iyo bariyeri yabuzaga abaturutse muri Segiteri ya Gitega guhungira muri Serire
Akakirinda ihana imbibi na Segiteri ya Gitega.
-
Bariyeri yari haruguru y’irembo ry’ishyuli ry’amaposita. Iyo bariyeri ni yo yatindishijwe
umurambo w’umugore wa Karekezi witwaga Mukamutara Adela wari umaze kwicanwa
we n’abo mu muryango we 11. Uturutse hepfo mu ngo z’abaturage imbere yo kwa
Gatsimbanyi, Sebukiro Bosco yahashyize bariyeri. Uvuye aho kwa Gatsimbanyi indi
bariyeri yari iri ku kazu k’amazi uturutse munsi ya Gakinjiro. Imbere yayo nko muri
metero ijana hashyizwe indi yabuzaga abaturutse mu ngo zo muri Serire Akakirinda
guhunga bagana kuri kaburimbo. Bariyeri yindi yashyizwe muri “Akakirinda”
n’iyasohokaga ku’ishuri ry’amaposita ikinjira mu mu muhanda ugana ku Gitega.
Ubuhamya bw’iyicwa rya Ndayambaje Pierre 343
Jenoside itangira, Ndayambaje Pierre yabanje kwihisha hirya no hino, rimwe na rimwe
interahamwe zikamuvumbura aho yihishe, ariko ntibamwice kuko zahitaga zicikamo ibice kubera
ko Ndayambaje Pierre yari azwiho kugira umutima mwiza. Kurokoka bwa mbere n’umunsi
ubwicanyi butangira ubwo bari bamaze kwica Gafaranga, umuturanyi we. Muri izo Nterahamwe
harimo iyitwa Ndayambaje JMV yari afite imbunda yo mu bwoko bwa “pistolet” na we
warasaga abantu igihe bari babashyize ku murongo. Interahamwe Ndayambahe JMV amaze
kubona Ndayambaje Pierre, wari inshuti ya se 344 kubera ko yari yaramwishyuriye umwaka wa
nyuma w’amashuri muri APACOPE ise amaze gupfa, amutunga pistolet yari afite aramubwira
ngo nave mu murongo w’abandi ni we uri bumwiyicire. Akimara kumukuramo yaramushoreye
maze amurengeje munsi yo kwa Alphonse, aramubwira ngo nagende yihishe ntiyatuma apfa
kandi yaramugiriye neza.
343
344
Ubuhamya bwa Umuhoza Annonciata, akaba umugore wa Ndayambaje Pierre, Gitega kuya 22 Gashyantare 2020
Ise w’iyi nterahamwe yitwa Ndayambaje atarapfa yakoraga muri Haton.
199
Ubwo Ndayambaje Pierre amaze gukizwa abifashijwemo na Ndayambaje JMV yuriye umukingo
wo kwa Alphonse yihisha mu bwiherero bwo muri urwo rugo. Mu rugo rwa Alphonse hari
hacumbitse umugabo witwa Gitenge wigeze gushaka gukodesha inzu yo kwa Ndayambaje Pierre.
Gitenge yaje gushaka kwihagarika maze yinjira muri bwa bwiherero ni ko gusangamo
Ndayambaje Pierre yegamyemo n’uko Gitenge 345 avuza induru agira ngo Interahamwe zihurure
zize zimwice. Ndayambaje Pierre ni bwo yavagamo ariruka ajya kwihisha ahandi bigeze nka sa
mbiri z’ijoro Ndayambaje Pierre agaruka iwe mu rugo, yabwiye umugore we ngo amubwirire
interahamwe yitwa Ndayambaje346 irebe uko ibigenza kuko ubuzima bwe bwari mu mazi abira;
hanyuma ajya kwihisha mu matafari ya rukarakara yari iwe mu gikoni.
Ndayambaje JMV yaje kuza abwira umugore wa Ndayambaje Pierre ngo ajye kwa nyina wa
Ndayambaje JMV witwaga Verediyana 347 amusabe ko Pierre Ndayambaje yihisha aho mu
rugo348. Umugore yagiyeyo arabimutekerereza ariko yari azi neza ubugome bw’uwo Verediyana.
Ariko yatekerezaga ko ineza Ndayambaje Pierre yagiriye uwo muryango ayiturwa. Verediyana
amuhakanira ubuhungiro bw’umugabo we, amwibutsa ko bavuze ko abagabo bose bicwa.
Umugore wa Pierre acyumva ayo magambo yagarutse mu rugo ahamagara Kalimu ngo abwire
Ndayamaje JMV349 ko Verediyana yanze kwakira Pierre mu rugo rwe. Pierre ubwo yari yihishe
mu matafari ya rukarakara yari mu gikoni. Ndayambaje JMV yaje gusaba Kalimu na Fifi ko
Pierre yaza kwihisha iwabo, hanyuma uwo mugoroba Kalimu aza mu rugo abwira umugore wa
Pierre ko Pierre aza kubonana na Ndayambaje muri urwo rugo; Kalimu ahita asubirayo.
Ntibyatinze, umugore wa Pierre yahise ajya kubibwira Pierre anyuze ku idirishya ry’inyuma.
Ubwo yahise azamuka muri ya matafari yari yihishemo yicara hejuru ategereje kururuka. Ako
kanya imbwa zo mu rugo zitangira kumoka. Umugore aramubwira ati ba uretse ndebe ikintu
gitumye imbwa zimoka. Umugore yazengurutse inzu ageze imbere ku irembo ahasanga
interahamwe eshatu ari bo: Muzehe wo kwa Rukema, Interahamwe yari yaturutse mu Kanyanza
345
Icyo Gitenge yari agambiriye kwari ukumwishyura ibyo yamukoreye kuko Ndayambaje Pierre yari yarimye
Gitenge inzu yo gucumbikamo kandi ihari.
346
Uyu n’umuhungu w’umuturanyi Ndayambaje JMV yaje gupfusha se wakoraga muri Haton yiga mu mwaka wa
gatandatu mu ishuri APACOPE. Pierre Ndayambaje aza kumufasha kurangiza amashuri nk’umwana w’inshuti,
amurihira ishuri n’ibindi.
347
Uyu yashoboraga kurokora Pierre; Verediyana nawe yari interahamwe yitwazaga imbunda kandi yambara
amakoti ya gisirikare babaga barahawe n’umuhungu wabo wari umusirikari mu nzirabwoba.
349
Uyu ndayambaje yakundaga kujya kwica hirya no hino ku buryo yabonekaga mu Cyahafi gake gashoboka kandi
nawe yari imwe mu nterahamwe nkuru zo mu Cyahafi.
200
na Théodore wari umupolisi. Izo nterahamwe zahise zishorera umugore wa Pierre zimwinjiza mu
nzu zitangira gusaka mu byumba ariko Pierre aho yari ari ategereje kururuka ntiyigeze amenya
ko interahamwe zateye mu rugo rwe. Yaje kubimenya ari uko abonye amatoroshi no kumva
imirindi y’inkweto zabo zivuga noneho arwana no gusubira muri wa mwenge w’amatafari. Mu
gihe atarasubiramo yakubise umutwe ku ibati, maze za nterahamwe zitangira kuvuza amafirimbi
zivuga ngo hariya mu gikoni harimo ikintu. Interahamwe zo kuri bariyeri n’abandi bari ku
irondo bahise baza, bajya kureba muri cya gikoni basanga yicaye muri wa mwenge w’amatafari.
Bariyamira cyane, bavuga ngo na wa mugore bamusohore wavugaga ko atazi aho umugabo we
ari. Baramusohoye bamwicaza imbere y’umuryango ategereje gupfa. Ya nterahamwe yo mu
Kanyanza yahakanye ko itamwica kubera ko Ndayambaje Pierre asanzwe ari umugabo mwiza,
undi na we avuga ko akunda gutwara abantu mu modoka ye ko nta kibazo afitanye n’abaturage,
ntibaba bakimwishe.
Interahamwe zimaze kuhava Ndayambaje Pierre yahise ahungira iwabo wa Kalimu aba ari ho
yihisha. Umugore we yakomeje kujya agenda muri rwa rugo agemuriye umugabo we, noneho
umunsi umwe umuturanyi wabo Imakulata abwira Interahamwe zateraniye kuri Segiteri ko mu
rugo iwabo wa Kalimu hihisheyo Inyenzi yitwa Ndayambaje Pierre. Izo nterahamwe
ntizabivuzeho rumwe kubera ko bari baracitsemo ibice bibiri, hari abarwanya interahamwe
yitwa Ndayambaje JMV hari n’abandi bamushyigikiye kandi bazi ko Ndayambaje Pierre yihishe
iwabo wa Kalimu. Abari bamushyigikiye banze ko hagira ujya gusaka iwabo wa Kalimu abandi
nabo bemeza ko bagomba kujyayo. Igihe izo nterahamwe zajyaga impaka Ndayambaje Pierre
yahise asohoka aho yari yihishe ahungira mu rugo kwa Juvénal yinjira mu nzu abasaba ko
bamuhisha. Bakimukubita amaso bahise bavuza induru bati dore ya nyenzi yabuze kandi ubwo ni
we umugabo wari usigaye ataricwa.
Bakimara kumwirukana yafashe akayira ajya kwihisha kwa Gatemberezi umugabo w’umutwa
wari uhatuye. Umugore we akimubona yahise amubwira ati mvira aha Gatemberezi nakubona
hano aragutanga, bituma agaruka mu rugo iwe. Umugore we yaje gutumaho ya nterahamwe
Ndayambaje JMV iraza maze ifata icyemezo cyo kujya kumuhisha iwabo n’ubwo nyina
atabishakaga.Bagezeyo yabanje kwihanangiriza nyina ko icyo Ndayambaje Pierre azaba
atazamwihanganira. Uwo munsi nka saa saba, hari kuya 28 Mata, mu rugo kwa Ndayambaje
Pierre haje interahamwe Fils, Muzehe, Claude, Cyewusi ndetse na Imakulata. Imakulata abwira
201
umugore wa Pierre ngo niyerekane aho Ndayambaje Pierre ari cyangwa bamwice ari we. Fils
icyo gihe yabwiye umugore wa Pierre ko agiye kumurasa isasu ry’ikibero kugira ngo amubwire
aho umugabo we ari. Immakulata nawe ati ni byo mumurase isasu ry’ikibero (2), ngo nirimurya
aravuga aho ari. Fils yarashe wa mugore ariko isasu rinyura hagati y’amaguru rimena urugi
ryinjira mu nzu. Fils yongeye gushaka kurasa wa mugore, maze ashinga umunwa w’imbunda ku
kirenge aramubwira ngo agiye kumushanyaguza ikirenge. Cyewusi yaramubujije aramubwira
ngo nareke uwo mugore amwibutsa ko Konseye yavuze ko batagomba kwica abagore, ko igihe
cyabo kitaragera.
Interahamwe iragenda noneho Immakulata ahita ajya kwa Verediyana aho Pierre yari yihishe.
Verediyana yari yongoreye izo nterahamwe ko Pierre ari iwe, maze izo nterahamwe zimanuka
zijya ahari bariyeri. Ntibyatinze hazamutse igitero simusiga kijya kwa Verediyana kimusohora
muri ya nzu Ndayambaje yari yihishemo. Abaturanyi barimo Gatemberezi, umugore we n’abandi
nabo barahurura ngo bajye kureba uko bica Ndayambaje Pierre. Za nterahamwe zabanje
kumubwira ngo yicukurire abasubiza ko nta mbaraga afite. Nyuma zashatse kumubabarira ariko
igihe zitaramuvugaho rumwe haje Interahamwe yitwa Emmanuel yari ifite ntampongano. Iyo
nterahamwe Emmanuel yabwiye bagenzi bayo ngo nibamubabarira ntatera intambwe
ataramufata ngo amwiyicire. Byarangiye banze kumubabarira noneho ngo baramubwira ngo
najye mumugende w’amazi awuryamemo. Niko yabigenje maze bahita bamukubitiramo amasasu
barangije bamurituriraho umukingo.
Muri Segiteri ya Cyahafi, ubwicanyi bwarakomeje, hafatwa Hamada na Musafiri bari Abatutsi
batuye muri Kora. Hamada na Musafiri babanje kwihisha mu gikoni cyo kwa John, biyorosa
ibarizo ryari rihari kuko ariryo bacanaga. Ijoro ryambere barayemo abagore babo baje
kubasura babazaniye icyayi. Umugore wa John yari azi neza ko abo bantu bahihishe, yemerera
abagore babo ko bazajya bagemurira abo bagabo. Ku munsi wa gatatu bihishe aho, umugore wa
John aza kubwira umugabo we ko hari abantu bihishe mu gikoni cyabo ariko ntiyari azi ko
abifata nabi. John nyirurugo ntibyamushimishije. Bukeye mu gitondo ni bwo yagiye ku muturanyi
witwa Nikuze Imaculata aramubwira ati ubwo uri kumuhanda nubona Interahamwe uzibwire zize
zikure inyenzi zihishe iwanjye mu gikoni. Umwana wa Hamada wakinaga n’abandi aho kwa
Nikuze Immakulata aba yabyumvise, yiruka ajya kubwira nyina ibyo yumvise. Umugore wa
Hamada yahise ajya kwa Musafiri abwira umugore we ko aho abagabo babo bihishe
202
hamenyekanye kandi ko Interahamwe zigomba kuza kuhabavana. Kubera ko hari kumanywa,
batinye kujya kubabwira bavuga ko bajyayo nijoro.
Nikuze Imakulata ageze kuri Segiteri ahari habereye inama y’Interahamwe, yarembuje uwitwa
Ninja na Kiki baza bamusanga arababwira ati mujye kuri iki gipangu cyo munsi yanjye,
mukuremo inyenzi zihishe mu gikoni 350. Izo nterahamwe ntizahise zijya gushaka abo bantu kwa
John, ahubwo zamanutse hepfo kuri bariyeri maze bazamukana n’igitero cyari gihari. Icyo gitero
kije kwa John mushiki wa Musafiri yarabibonye yiruka yinjira mu nzu kwa John aruhukira mu
cyumba cy’aba nyirurugo munsi y’igitanda. Ubwo Interahamwe zirimo Ninja, Rwubusisi wari
perezida w’Interahamwe, Bideri, Nangwa, Harera 351, Joseph n’umuhungu we witwa Remy,
Kamonyo, Shumbusho, Yonasi n’abandi, zikihagera yahise aziyobora aho Hamadi na Musafiri
bari bihishe babakuramo buzuye ibarizo umubiri wose, Interahamwe zivuza induru n’amafirimbi.
Wa mukobwa mushiki wa Musafiri yaje gusohoka mu cyumba aho yari yihishe maze John
aramutuka amubaza impamvu yinjiye mu cyumba cye. Umwana w’umukobwa asubira kwa
musaza we.
Bigeze ni mugoroba kuri uwo munsi bishe Musafiri na Hamada, John yagiye kuri bariyeri azana
Interahamwe bajyana kwa ba bagabo bishwe mu gitondo bigabiza abagore babo babafata ku
ngufu. John yafashe umugore umwe muri ba bandi indi nterahamwe nayo ijya kwa Musafiri yiha
umugore we. Wa mwana mushiki wa Musafiri bamuhaye indi nterahamwe ariko yaje kubwira
uwo mwana w’umukobwa ko nta cyo yamukoza ari ikiremba. Iyo nterahamwe icyo yakoze
yafashe igiti aba ari cyo ashyira muri uwo mwana 352.
Muri Segiteri ya Cyahafi, Interahamwe zarishe abantu babura aho bajya kubahamba bigeza aho
abayobozi n’abakuru b’Interahamwe bavuga ko uzajya yica umuntu azajya amwihambira.
Interahamwe ntizacitse intege ahubwo zongeye umurego noneho yajya kwica umuntu
akamubwira ngo nabanze yicukurire. Mu bantu bashyinguye mu rwibutso rwa Cyahafi abenshi ni
abicukuriye. Barababwiraga ngo ni bicukurire barangiza bakigera muri uwo mwobo nyuma
bakabashyiramo bakabakubitiramo amafuni barangiza bakorosaho ibitaka.
350
Ubuhamya bwatangiwe mu ikusanyamakuru y’inkiko gacaca.
Harera yari umwicanyi ruharwa kubera kwica no gufata abagore ku ngufu wakatiwe n’inkiko Gacaca igifungo cya
burundu, ariko ubu akaba yidegambya.
352
Uyu mwana byabayeho ubu yarakuze arashaka, abyaye gatatu.
351
203
4.8.8.2. Ahiciwe imbaga y’Abatutsi benshi muri Segiteri ya Cyahafi
Kwa Karekezi bitaga “Agronome” mu rugo munsi y’ahahoze ishuri ry’amaposita ubu hakorera
Ikigo Gishinzwe Iteganyagihe hiciwe abantu benshi. Umuryango wa Karekezi n’umuryango we
wari ugizwe n’abantu 11 Interahamwe zarabishe, umurambo w’umugore we Adela bawukoresha
bariyeri.
Kuri bariyeri yok u muhanda munini imbere y’amacumbi y’abarimu ba LNDC hiciwe abantu
benshi. Mukujya kubica, abasirikare barabashoreye, babiri barabacika barimo umugabo witwa
Gatsimbanyi. Abandi barimo imiryango ya Bahutu Innocent, Malakiya, Rwagakiga Ferdinand,
Gasarabwe wishwe na we akaswe ururimi, Kayiranga Cyrille, Rutayisire Théogene, Gatarayiha
Augustin n’umwana we Gatarayiha Jean Paul alias Mimi, Kagorora, umugore we n’abana batatu,
Rutayisire wakoraga muri “Bar Imararungu”, Innocent wari umushoferi muri MINAGRI akaba
yari acumbitse kwa Kabongo Pascal n’abandi benshi biciwe kuri bariyeri yari munsi ya Lycée.
Iyi
nzu
iherereye
munsi
y’Akagali ka Kora ahahoze Ibiro
bya Segiteri ya Cyahafi. Ni yo
yafungirwagamo
Abatutsi
babaga baturutse hirya no hino
mbere yo kwicwa.
Amashusho yafashwe n’umushakashatsi
204
Abatutsi biciwe ku biro bya
Segiteri ya Cyahafi no mu
nkengero zayo bamwe muri bo
bashyinguye ku rwibutso rwa
Cyahafi, ariko benshi muri bo
bajyanwe n’ibikamyo byari
byatanzwe na MINITRAPE
ndetse n’uMujyi wa Kigali igihe
igikorwa cyiswe cyo gusukura
umujyi cyari gitangiye353.
Umwe mu bazaga gutwara imirambo y’ababaga bishwe harimo umuturage wo mu Cyahafi witwa
Nicodemu wakoraga muri MINITRAPE mu ishami ry’amateme n’imihanda. Imibiri y’Abatutsi
babaga biciwe ahantu yaje kuburirwa irengero, imwe ikaboneka mu byobo rusange, indi
ikajugunywa mu migezi nk’uwa Nyabarongo cyangwa Nyabugogo ubu ikaba itarashyingurwa
mu cyubahiro.
4.8.8.3. Iyicarubozo ryakorewe Abatutsi muri Segiteri ya Cyahafi
Interahamwe zo mu Cyahafi zishe abantu urubozo ndetse zongeraho no gushinyagurira
imirambo. Umugore wa Karekizi witwaga Mukamutara Adela amaze kwicwa, Interahamwe
yitwa Rwabutogo bitaga Nyiramacibiri, Sebukiro, Cyuma, Gasongo, Kanyandekwe n’abandi
bafashe umurambo we bawutindisha bariyeri yari yashyizwe hafi y’umuryango winjira mu ishuri
ry’amaposita, ubu hari ibiro by’Ikigo cy’Iteganyagihe.
Undi washinyaguriwe ni’uwitwa Mbarushimana Eric; amaze kwicwa n’Interahamwe yitwa
Cyuma ifatanyije na Kanyandekwe n’undi witwa Claude, bamaze gutera Mbarushimana inkota
mu gatuza, bafashe Nyakwigendera babonye atarashiramo umwuka bamubamba ku ruzitiro
rw’iwabo bamupfuka amaso ari na ko bamubwira amagambo y’urukozasoni. Ahamaze iminsi
itatu Interahamwe yitwa Nsengiyumva Gervais ni yo yamushyize ku ngorofani imujyana ku
353
Perefe Renzaho Tharcisse yasabye ko hajyaho igikorwa cyo gusukura umujyi harimo nokugirango imiryango
yagenzuraga uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu itabona ibirimo kubera mu Rwanda.
205
muhanda wa kaburimbo ngo atanukira urusisiro. Imodoka zatwaraga imirambo icyo gihe ni zo
zamutwaye ariko umubiri we ntiwigeze uboneka ngo ushyingurwe mu cyubahiro.
Undi wishwe urubozo muri Serire Akakirinda ni umutegarugori witwa Uwimbabazi Agnès
umugore wa Bizimungu Dieudonné 354 bitaga Inzovu y’Imirindi. Interahamwe Cyuma, Gasongo
na Kanyandekwe bavuye kuri bariyeri yari ruguru hafi ya “Bar Imararungu” yategekwaga na
Rwabutogo François alias Nyiramacibiri zimaze kumukorera ibyamfurambi no kumufata ku
ngufu, zamukase isonga y’ururimi maze ziramubwira ngo niyongere aririmbe. Zimaze kumwica
urubozo izo nkoramaraso zamushyize igisongo mu nda ibyara zirangije zimucurika mu musarani.
Umubiri we ntiwigeze uboneka kugeza n’ubu byibuze ngo ushyingurwe mu cyubahiro.
Undi wishwe urubozo n’uwitwa Gasarabwe Gaspard waciwe ururimi. Abandi bantu bishwe
urubozo bakanashinyagurirwa ni abagore batatu bafatiwe kuri bariyeri yo kuri Tezefu bashaka
kwinjira ahari amacumbi y’abarimu bo muri LNDC. Abasirikare bari kuri iyo bariyeri ni bo
bagabije abo bagore izo Nterahamwe zirimo Cyuma, Rwabutogo, Sebukiro Bosco, Musoni,
Nteziryayo, Sinamenye, Maurice, abahungu ba Bazumutima Patrick na Innocent n’abandi. Abo
bagore bamaze kugera mu maboko y’izo Nterahamwe zabajyanye mu nzu y’umugabo witwa
Iyakaremye Aloys wari utuye hafi y’ahari akazu k’amazi munsi y’ahahoze akabare “Bar
Imararungu”. Izo Nterahamwe zamaze iminsi igera kuri itanu zibasambanya nyuma ziza kubicira
hafi ya bariyeri yari iruhande rw’umuhanda winjiraga ku macumbi y’abarimu ba LNDC aho bari
bafatiwe.
–
Umuvandimwe wa Paul Gati waje ahunga ubwicanyi bwaberaga ku Kimisagara yafatiwe
muri Kora bamwicisha ishoka bamusatuye umutwe Abahutu bavuza induru ngo baze
barebe uko ubwonko bw’Umututsi bumera. Bamutsinze munsi ya Segiteri ya Cyahafi.
–
Interahamwe yitwa Twayigize yo mu Cyahafi yishe umugabo witwa Valens imukubise
inyundo abanje kwicukurira imva. Mu mvugo y’ubwishongozi Twayigize yaravuze ati”
naramubwiye ngo yicukurire, arangije yigeramo maze ntiyakwirwamo, yongeye gucukura
maze ajyamo. Icyo nakoze nafashe inyundo y’ibiro bitanu mukubita rimwe ubwa kabiri
arambyamo norosaho ibitaka”.
354
Bari abahanzi n’abaririmbyi bazwi ku ndirimbo yitwa Inzovu y’imirindi.
206
–
Umwana w’umuhungu w’imyaka 15 witwaga John wabanaga na bakuru be mu mazu yo
kwa Ndayambaje Pierre icyo gihe bakuru be bari barabishe ubwo yahuraga
n’Interahamwe yitwa Abudala na Harera mwene Nzogera bafatiye John aho yari asigaye
akora muri icyo gihe kuri “restaurant” yo kwa Mukeka Edouard. Bamuzanye aho kwa
Ndayambaje Pierre bamukuyemo ijisho rinagana arifashe mu ntoki aje kubereka aho
acumbitse no kubereka ibintu bya bakuru be. Bamaze kubireba babwira umugore wa
Ndayambaje Pierre ko ibyo bintu bisigaye hatagomba kugira ikiburamo, nyuma izo
Nterahamwe zijya kumwicira kuri bariyeri bitaga iya Rwubusisi.
–
Abandi bishwe urubozo ni abasore bishwe na Cyewusi afatanyije na Harera mwene
Nzogera. Umusore umwe mu bari baturutse haruguru mu Gakinjiro ahunze amaze kugera
munsi y’ibiro bya Segiteri ifirimbi iravuga noneho uwo musore ageze mu irembo ryo kwa
Pierre ahacakiranira n’Interahamwe yitwa Cyewusi ihita imurasa. Ndungurukiye mu
idirishya nsanga niumusore urimo kugaragurikira aho ngaho asamba. Muri ako kanya
n’ubundi uwitwa Harera mwene Nzogera n’izindi Nterahamwe bamanukanye abasore
batatu babakuye mu Gakinjiro bageze imbere yo kwa Pierre aho Cyewusi yari amaze
kwicira wa musore, Cyewusi yahise abateramo gerenade umwe ahita apfa undi asigara
asamba. Harera na Abudala bahise bahagera noneho Harera aravuga ngo dore kiriya
gitutsi cyo ntigipfuye. Ako kanya bahise binjira mu rugo rwa Ndayambaje Pierre mu
gikari bahasanga umugore wa Pierre bamusaba isuka ariko ababwira ko nta suka ihari.
Harera yakomeje mu gikoni aba arayizanye ahita acira mu maso wa mugore wa Pierre.
Ageze ha handi hari haryamye ba bantu bari bamaze kwica hari umwe wari ugihumeka.
Harera yafashe ya suka arayihindukiza arayimanika akubitisha cya gifunga cy’isuka
inshuro eshatu mu mutwe wa musore, arangije aravuga, “ngo kirapfuye na cyo
ndakishe…”. Abo bantu bashyinguwe mu isambu ya Ndayambaje Pierre n’umugabo wari
umuserire witwa Muhigira abitegetswe n’izo nterahamwe. Nyuma gushakisha imibiri
y’Abatutsi ngo ishyingurwe mu cyubahiro bitangiye abo bantu bashyinguwe mu rwibutso
rwa Cyahafi.
4.8.9. Segiteri ya Gitega
Jenoside igitangira, ubuyobozi bwa Segiteri ya Gitega bwihutiye gushyiraho za bariyeri hirya no
hino. Bariyeri yashyizwe munsi y’umusigiti yari iyobowe na Bernard wakoraga muri BACAR,
207
afatanyije na Fereshi n’umugore witwa Mariciana. Indi yari aho bita ku Mwembe iyobowe
n’umuhungu wa Ndutiye witwa Mutesa. Yariho kandi umugabo w’umurundi witwa Philippo
wagendaga mu modoka ya Kombi. Indi bariyeri yari yarashyizwe imbere ya Bar yitwa “Ombre
du Midi”. Yo yari iyobowe na Abdu 355 afatanyije na Ndongo Emmanuel. Pecos we yagenzuraga
bariyeri zose zari muri segiteri. Indi bariyeri yari ikomeye bayitaga kwa Habibu. Yiciweho
umuntu watwikiwe mu ipine. Uyu Habibu yamaze kwica umuntu amuca akaboko maze akajya
agatamika imbwa.
4.8.9.1. Ahaguye imbaga y’Abatutsi benshi muri Segiteri ya Gitega
Ubwicanyi muri iki gice cya Gitega bwayobowe n’uwitwa Bernard wari umukozi wa BNR akaba
n’umuserire afatanyije na Bizimana Madjaliwa wari resiponsabure wa Serire Miduha nyuma
akaza gusimbura Konseye Mbonyimana Stanislas alias Pepe Kale. Uyu Madjaliwa igihe yari
Konseye ni we watangaga imbunda z’ababaga bari kuri bariyeri ndetse n’ababaga bagiye kwica.
Resiponsabure Kaneza Hamdani na Harindintwali Emmanuel bafatanyije na Rukeza
ndetse na Pecos bayoboye ubwicanyi bwabereye muri Serire Kinyange no mu Rugarama.
Ahiciwe abantu batagira ingano ni munsi y’ahari icyicaro gikuru cya Croix Rouge y’u Rwanda.
Abahaguye ni’abari bahahungiye baturutse mu maserire ya Rwezamenyo, ababaga bacitse
Interahamwe baturutse mu Miduha ndetse n’abo bashoreraga babakuye mu ngo zabo. Aha ni ho
hiciwe Gisimba Mutesa wakundaga kwiyita iyamarere. Ahandi hiciwe abantu benshi ni mu rugo
kwa Karambizi Ezira hishwe umuryango we wose n’abari bamuhungiyeho. Mu rugo kwa Izakar
na ho haguye abantu benshi ndetse no kwa Camille.
Imibiri y’abishwe muri Segiteri ya Gitega yajugunywe mu byobo byo kuri CHUK; hari
abajyanywe mu irimbi i Nyamirambo, hari abo amakamyo yajyaga kujugunya kuri Ruliba muri
Nyabarongo. Icyobo cyo kuri Croix rouge y’u Rwanda ni cyo cyaje gutabururwa gikurwamo
imibiri y’abari barajugunywemo ijya gushyingurwa ku rwibutso rwa Gisozi.
355
Ndongo Emmanuel na Abdu wari umukanishi ni bene Bwoko. Bombi bararanzwe no gufata abagore kungufu mu
gihe cya Jenoside mbere yo kubica
208
4.8.10. Segiteri ya Kanyinya
Mbere ya Jenoside kugeza mu gihe cy’amavugurura y’imitere ya Repubulika y’u Rwanda ya
2002, Segiteri ya Kanyinya, Segiteri ya Nzove na Segiteri ya Rutonde zabarizwaga muri Komini
ya Shyorongi, imwe muri Komini zari zigize Perefegitura ya Kigali Ngali. Nyuma y’ivugurura
ry’imitere ya Repubulika y’u Rwanda ryabaye muri 2006, izo segiteri 3 zomowe ku yahoze ari
Komini Shyorongi zomekwa ku Karere ka Nyarugenge nyuma y’ivugurura y’imiterere ya
Repubulika y’u Rwanda. Ni ku bw’iyo mpamvu twasanze ko ari ngombwa ko zakorerwa
amateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi bari bazituyemo.
Mu ntangiriro za 1992 muri Komini Shyorongi habaye imvururu zibasira Abatutsi n’abandi
batavugaga rumwe n’ishyaka MRND batifuzaga ko ahari irindi shyaka ritari MRND na CDR
byarangwa muri iyo Komini. Icyo gihe hari abishwe, abandi baratwikirwa ndetse baranasahurwa.
Abarokotse ubwicanyi benshi bafashe iy’ubuhungiro batinya izo nkoramaraso.
Urugomo n’ubwicanyi bwabereye muri Komini Shyorongi yaba imbere ya Jenoside no mu gihe
yarimo gukorwa bwakozwe n’abantu benshi cyane ariko muri bo hari uwari ushinzwe
imigendekere y’icyo gikorwa witwa Turatsinze Jean Pierre wakoraga mu biro bikuru bya MRND
wari wahawe imbunda mbere y’abandi aho muri Shyorongi. Uyu yakoranaga hafi na Karekezi
Michel alias Senkoko mwene Sekabwa, Setiba Joseph 356 uvuka muri Komini Rushashi akaba
n’inshuti, Sekubumba Stanislas uvuka muri Komini Musasa, Sasita na Sibomana bene Musruka
Marcel, Semabumba Juvénal mwene Rukera, Sengabo bitaga umutware w’abarozi, Candali357
mwene Gahondogo, Ntaganda Wellars mwene Rwamukwaya, Ngirabatware Philemon 358mwene
Kabeba, Ndacyayisenga mwene Ngirabatware Philemon, gafarasi Emmanuel wishe Karasira
Paul, Kibishyanzira Paul wamaze abantu b’i Rwahi, Niyonsenga Michel wayoboraga amashuri
abanza ya Rwahi, Karangwa Alexandre alias Matene wari Konseye wa Segiteri ya Nzove icyo
gihe, Kabera mwene Munyentama, Hitimana Rukekrli Theobald wari umucamanza, Jyambere
Lin mwene Hitimana Rukekeri Théobald, Uwamahoro Eugène wari Resiponsabure wa Serire
Bibungo, Munyagihugu Andereya wari umushoferi.
356
Setiba Joseph yari incuti magara ya Colonel Sagatwa
Uyu yari Umututsi wo mu bwoko bw’Abaha wayobotse ingoma yokurimbura Abatutsi. Uruhare rwe kandi
rwagaragaye igihe Jenoside yatangiraga.
358
Uyu Ngirabatware yigeze kuba Konseye wa Rutonde.
357
209
Abandi bari muri ibyo bitero byayogoje Shyorongi hari Nzabamwita alias Camarade wari
Konseye wa Segiter ya Kanyinya mwene Rwakayigi, Nzabarirwa mwene Gashaka, Nguranga
mwene Musure, François ukomoka muri Satinsyi akaba yaracumbitse kwa Musure, Funga
ukomoka i Masango, rwamukwaya Théophile mwene Rwamukwaya, Karisa mwene Ruzayali
ukomoka i Runda, nzabandora Japhet mwene Nyagasaza, Afurika mwene Karibwende, Bizimana
mwene Kamonyo, Lambert mwene Masumbuko wari impunzi y’Umurundi, Muhawe Cleophas,
Mutemberezi Faustin mwene Rinigumugabo, Mbarubukeye mwene Mpabanzi, gatambara mwene
Siniga, Niyonzima mwene Semabumba, Habimana mwene Nkerabigwi, Murwanashyaka mwene
Shyirambere, Habimana mwene Mbabariye, Ndazivumye mwene Rinigumugabo, Twiringiye
mwene Murasi, Hitayezu na Twagirayezu bene Mugema Daniel, Mujyambere-Nyamurya mwene
Mugema Daniel, Ngendahimana mwene Gakeri, Nzeyimana mwene Muzindutsi, MwisenezaKijyambere, Tubanambakenga François, Nkundabagenzi n’abandi.
4.8.10.1. Ahashyizwe bariyeri muri Segiteri ya Kanyinya
Kuva muri Gashyantare 1993, igihe Inkotanyi zateraga zikagera Shyorongi nyuma zigasubira
inyuma hongerewe umubare wa bariyeri muri Komini ya Shyorongi. I Kanyinya ku biro bya
Segiteri hashyizwe bariyeri ndetse iyari kuri Nyamweru irindwa kuva icyo gihe n’abasirikare
b’Abafaransa. Abo basirikare bakajya baka abaturae bahanyuze indangamuntu zabo kugira ngo
barebe ubwoko359. Iyo basangaga uri Umututsi bagushyiraga iruhande ubwo urugendo ntirube
rugikomeje kuko kuba Umututsi byari impamvu ikomeye yo guhatwa ibibazo no gukorerwa
iperereza. Aba basirikare kandi bafataga abana b’abakobwa bakabasambanya ku gahato 360.
Mu gihe Jenoside yari itangiye muri Segiteri ya Kanyinya, ku itariki ya 9 Mata 1994 mu duhanda
twose twinjiraga muri kaburimbo hari hamaze gushyirwa amabariyeri. Ahitwa mu Kabuga
hashyizweho bariyeri iyoborwa n’Interahamwe yitwa Munyengago afatanije na Gatabaruka,
Gatabazi na Ntawuruhunga. Abari kuri iyo bariyeri bavuzwe kimwe n’abandi batavuzwe bari
bafite ibikoresho by’ubwicanyi birimo amashoka, impiri zirimo imisumari, imbunda, imihoro
imiheto n’imyambi. Bari bameze n’abahig 361. Indi bariyeri yari yarashyizwe ahitwa kuri Ngendo
359
Byari bitangaje kubona Umufaransa uzi gusoma agasobanukirwa ijambo Tutsi. Abo basangaga ari Abatutsi
akenshi barafatwaga bakicazwa aho kugira ngo bahatwe ibibazo.
360
Ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Impore innocent i Kanyinya kuya 12 Mutarama 2019.
361
Idem.
210
hafi y’shuriamashuri abanza ya Kanyinya imbere neza y’urugo rw’umwarimu witwa Védaste
alias Gikongoro.
Indi bariyeri yari yarashyizwe kuri “Poterie” iyobowe na resiponsabure wa Sirire witwa
Tanganyika. Iyi bariyeri niyo yaguyeho abana b’abanyeshuri bo mu ishuri “Stella Matutina” bari
batwawe n’umushoferi w’ikigo cy’ishuri abahungishirije ku kiriziya y’Umuryango Mutagatifu
“Sainte Famille”362. Urupfu rw’abo bana rwahamwe na Tanganyika n’abo bari kumwe kuri iyo
bariyeri, ndetse n’umukozi w’ababikira 363 waje kubwira Tanganyika ko “Directrice” agiye
guhungisha Inyenzi364, kandi ko imodoka y’ikigo nihanyura bakora uko bashoboye bakayisaka 365.
Ku itariki ya 14 Mata 1994 saa ine za mu gitondo nibwo iyo modoka yahageze Tanganyika
ayibuza gukomeza, asaba uwari uyitwaye ko niba yikunda asohoka muri iyo modoka. Abana
basohowemo bicirwa aho ngaho imodoka isubira muri Stella Matutina. Kuri iyo bariyeri kandi
hiciwe umurezi ku mashuri abanza ya Kanyinya witwaga Sebahutu. Ubwo yashakaga guhunga
ubwicanyi bwaberaga aho yari atuye, yafatiwe kuri iyi bariyeri, Interahamwe z’iwabo zitwaga
“abanyakanyinya” bazitumaho ziza kumwicira aho kuri “Poterie”. Uyu mugabo Sebahutu yishwe
ateraguwe ibisongo nterahamwe zimusimburanwaho bamwica ataka yababaye cyane, nyuma aza
gushiramo umwuka366.
I Nyamweru na none hari indi bariyeri yariho Interahamwe n’abaturage bahaturiye babaga bafite
imihoro n’amacumu iyobowe n’Interahamwe yitwa Gasirabo. Indi bariyeri ni iyari ku mugezi wa
“Yanze” yiciweho umugore wari uhetse umwana atemaguwe we n’uruhinja yari ahetse nyuma
akajugunywa mu mugezi wa Yanze.
362
Umuyobozi w’ishuri yamaze kubona ko abo bana bashobora kwicirwa aho ku ishuri, abwira umushoferi we ngo
abageze kuri Sainte Famille bagambani we n’umukozi wakoraga muri icyo kigo wari wumvise umugambi
w’umubikira wayoboraga iryo shuri.
363
Uwo mukozi w’ababikira ni umuhungu w’umugabo w’i Shyorongi witwa Kajisho.
364
Ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Kayiranga Jean Bosco warokotse Jenoside, Kanyinya kuya 14 Gashyantare 2019.
365
Ni ko byagenze kuko abagera kuri batandatu biciwe kuri iyo bariyeri.
366
Ikiganiro na Kayiranga Jean Bosco, Muhanimana Denise barokotse Jenoside (Nyamweru, Kanyinya) kuya 13
Gashyantare 2019.
211
4.8.10.2. Iyicarubozo ryakorewe Abatutsi muri Segiteri ya Kanyinya
Ingero z’Abatutsi bishwe nabi ni nyinshi; amakuru twabonye akaba ari ay’aba bakurikira:
Mwarimu Sebahutu wo ku ishuri rya Kanyinya wishwe ateragurwa ibisongo bamuhererekanya
nk’abica imbeba. Umwe akubita undi akubita kugeza igihe ashiriyemo umwuka.
Hari Abatutsi batwitswe babona. Abatwitswe ni imbaga y’Abatutsi bari bahungiye kwa
Mukarumanzi mbere yo kwicwa benshi bari binjiye mu mazu yo muri urwo rugo. Icyo gihe
biraye mu bantu bari aho hanze babahukamo n’imihoro n’amashoka367. Uwo munsi ntibanyuzwe
b’abo bamaze kwicira aho hanze ni bwo bahinduye uburyo babanza kumena lisansi ahantu hose
barangije batangira kohereza amagerenade mu madirishya no mu bisenge, abarimo barashya
bahinduka umuyonga368.
Uwitwa Batamuriza bamwiciye mu Kana369 bamuteye igisongo kimuhinguranya igihimba cyose.
N’igihe cyo gushyingura abahaguye icyo gisongo cyari kikimurimo 370. Mukakayumba bamwishe
bamujombye ibiti mu nda ibyara bamaze iminsi baramugize umugore wabo. Byakozwe
n’Interahamwe yitwa Habimana alias Kabuga, Karamuka na Munyankumburwa babanje
kumuhererekanya bamukorera ibyamfura mbi.
Umugore wa Kayinamura na we mbere yo kwicwa yakorewe ibyamfura mbi. Ibi byakozwe na
Afurika wo mu Nzove ubu widegembya, Gasana mwene Rwabukwandi, Rudacyahwa371 wo kwa
Rwarabuze, Modeste wo kwa Bushishi Patrice n’abandi
Interahamwe yitwa Ignace yabanje kwica nyina wa Kayitesi. Akimara kumwica yagiye gushaka
Kayitesi agira ngo amugire umugore maze Kayitesi wari wamenye ibyo Ignace yakoreye nyina
367
Muri bake barokotse ubwo bwicanyi n’abatarashoboye kwinjira mu mazu.
Aba bantu igihe cyo gushyingura bari barabaye umuyonga. Imibiri yashyinguwe n’iy’abiciwe hanze batemaguwe.
369
Kana ni ahantu mu manga ihanamye y’umusozi. Abahaturiye bavuga ko bumvaga abakurambere babo bavuga ko
ariho hajugunywaga abana bapfuye u rw’ikirago bakaribwa n’impyisi. Mu gihe cya Jenoside, mu Kana niho
Interahamwe ziciye Abatutsi bari bahungiye kuri Segiteri ya Kanyinya, hakanajugunywa Abatutsi babaga biciwe mu
tundi duce twa Segiteri ya Kanyinya.
370
Ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Kayiranga Jean Bosco warokotse Jenoside, Kanyinya, kuya 10 Ukuboza 2018.
371
Uyu yari yaragiye kuba umusirikari nyuma aza gutoroka urugamaba.
368
212
arabyanga nawe aramwica. Ignace amaze kumwica yamuvanyemo umutima agenda avuga ngo
agiye kwereka abajepe bari ahitwa i Nyamweru uko umutima w’umututsi umeze 372.
4.8.10.3. Ahaguye imbaga y’Abatutsi benshi muri Segiteri ya Kanyinya
Ku biro bya Segiteri ya Kanyinya hahungiye Abatutsi benshi mbere y’uko bajyanwa kwicirwa
mu Kana aho kugeza amagingo aya umubare w’abahiciwe utaramenyekana neza. Abahiciwe
n’Abatutsi baje bahunga baturutse Jali, Rusiga, Shyorongi, Kanyinya, Nzove n’ahandi.
Kwa Mukarumanzi haguye Abatutsi
barenga 300. Aho bahagaze ni ku
cyobo rusange bajugunywemo,
kugeza
magingo
aya
ntibashyinguwe mu cyubahiro.
Ishusho
n’umushakashatsi
yafashwe
Kayiranga Jean Bosco na Muhawenimana Denise ni bamwe muri bake barokotse mu bantu
barenga 300 biciwe mu rugo kwa Mukarumanzi
Kwa Paul Gakwaya haguye Abatutsi barenga 30, kwa Binagwaho haguyemo abitwa
Nyiramafaranga, Mukadana, Mukakibibi n’abandi, kwa Ugirashebuja n’ahandi hapfiriye
umubare utazwi. Ahandi hiciwe imbaga y’Abatusti ni mu kawa ya Nyarurama bahahungiraga
bahashaka ubwihisho.
4.8.10.4. Abagize umutima wo guhisha no kurokora Abatutsi muri Segiteri ya Kanyinya
Nsengiyumva Albert wari ufite umuvandimwe w’Interahamwe yabashije guhisha abantu
barindwi bararokoka: Rugira Modeste, Karamage Jean Népomuscene, Louise, Denyse, na
372
Ikiganiro na Kayiranga Jean Bosco, Muhanimana Denise barokotse Jenoside (Nyamweru, Kanyinya) kuya 13
Gashyantare 2019.
213
Nyiradadari Donatille, Isabelle Murekatete, Uwamariya Floride, Nyiragafaranga Philomène,
Mukamukesha Eugènie n’abandi.
Mukarumanzi yari Umuhutukazi w’umukristu Gaturika wemera Imana cyane ndetse bakavuga ko
ari n’umuhanuzi kuko n’iyicwa ry’Abatutsi yasaga n’uwarivuzeho. Mukarumanzi yari afite urugo
runini, yemeye kwakira Abatutsi bari bamuhungiyeho. Ubwicanyi bukimara gutangira Abatutsi
basenganaga bamuhungiyeho bavuye ku gasozi ka Taba aho bari bamaze iminsi barwana
n’Interahamwe bakabasha gusubiza inyuma ibitero bagabwagaho. Byaje kugera igihe
Interahamwe zibagabaho igitero gihitana Muhire wari washoboye guhangana n’izo nterahamwe.
Muhire akimara gupfa abandi bacitse intege bahitamo guhungira mu rugo rwa Mukarumanzi
kubera ko babonaga nta kindi gisigaye uretse kwiragiza Imana. Aho mu rugo rwe yahabanaga
n’abuzukuru be babiri maze ababwira kujya iwabo akabwira ba nyina ko we adahari agiye
kujyana n’abantu benshi kandi ko azatinda. Kuri uwo munsi nibwo Interahamwe zifatanije
n’n’abasirikari barindaga bariyeri ya Shyorongi bateye urugo rwa Mukarumanzi bakica Abatutsi
bagera kuri 300 aho abari hanze bicishijwe amasasu, gerenade n’imihoro, na ho abihishe mu
mazu imbere babicisha inkongi y’umuriro hakoreshejwe lisansi na za gerenade. Kayiranga Jean
Bosco na Muhawenimana Denyse barokotse ubwicanyi bwahabereye.
Kayiranga Jean Bosco mu buhamya yaduhaye, atubwira iby’ubizima bwe muri Jenoside
n’uburyo Abatutsi bahungiye kwa Mukarumanzi bapfanye nawe; we ararokoka na Denyse
murumuna w’umugore we, ariko umugore we Dancilla n’abana be baricwa373. Kayiranga Jean
Bosco avuga ko kuya 6 Mata 1994 we n’umuryango we wari utuye ahitwa ku Mayaga ahahoze
ari Segiteri ya Nzove baraye bamenye iby’urupfu rwa Habyarimana. Kuya 7 Mata ni bwo bafashe
inzira bava aho ku Mayaga baza muri Serire Taba muri Segiteri ya Kanyinya mu muryango
mugari w’Abasinga. Impamvu ntayindi yagiraga ngo yisunge bene wabo, barwanye ibitero
by’Interahamwe zari zarayogoje ibintu na mbere y’urupfu rwa Habyarimana. Ku itariki 8 Mata
ku gasozi bari bateraniyeho, nibwo Interahamwe zabateye bihagararaho, banesha Interahamwe
zisubirayo 374. Abo bicanyi bi Kanyinya bamaze kubona ko bitoroshye bayambahe abasirikare
bari hakurya hafi y’ivuriro ry’i Shyorongi n’Interahamwe z’ahitwa Rusiga. Igitero cyo kuya 11
Mata cyaje ari simusiga, harimo za Nterahamwe zari ziturutse i Rusiga, nabwo imiryango
373
374
Ikiganiro na Kayiranga Jean Bosco warokotse Jenoside, Kanyinya, tariki ya 14 Gashyantare 2019.
Bari bafite imifuka y’amabuye, niyo mpamvu babashije kurwana n’izo Nterahamwe barazinesha.
214
y’Abatutsi yongeye kwisuganya ifitero gisubirayo. Tumaze kubona ko amaherezo ibitero
bigaruka kutubuza amahoro twariyegeranyije maze tujya mu rugo rw’umukecuru witwaga
witwaga Mukarumanzi375.
Ku itariki ya 11 Mata ni bwo ibyo bitero byagarutse duhangana na byo ariko biratuganza.
Impamvu nta yindi ni uko usibye Interahamwe zari zaje mbere haje icyo gihe n’abasirikari
bitwaje imbunda, amagerenade ndetse burende 376.
“Saa cyenda z’uwo munsi ni bwo barashe uwitwa Muhire watugendaga imbere muri icyo gihe
twarwanaga n’Interahamwe. Twahise ducika intege maze dufata icyemezo cyo guhungira kwa
Mukarumanzi aho bitaga mu “Bayabuza” dutekereza ko Interahamwe zitazahatera. Hari abantu
benshi cyane, yewe n’Abatutsi bo hakurya i Jari, abi i Rusiga, i Shyorongi n’ahandi, bari
bahungiye mu Basinga bahano i Kanyinya. Twaraye aho kwa Mukarumanzi ariko kubera ko
twari benshi cyane ntitwashoboye kurara munzu. Abari basigaye hanze, abagore n’abana bicaye
hanze mumbuga abagabo baradukikiza barinze ibikingi by’amarembo ahari guturuka
Interahamwe.
Ijoro ryose twaraye dusenga, Mukarumanzi nawe adusanga hanze afatanya n’abakecuru
amasengesho. Mu gitondo cyo kuwa 12 Mata, yohereje iwabo abuzukuru be babiri babanaga
nawe. Mubyukuri nibwo nemeye ko ari umuhanuzi nkurikije ibyakurikiyeho. Mu gitondo cy’uwo
munsi nka saa tatu za mu gitondo haje igitero kiyobowe na Niyoyigenga w’ahitwa kuri Ngendo.
Abagabo twari kumwe bahangana nacyo hashira amasaha agera kuri abiri turwana nacyo ariko
inyuma y’urugo haturuka izindi Nterahamwe ziyobowe na Munyarushoka, zizenguruka urugo
maze dusigaramo hagati. Aho mu mbuga Mukarumanzi n’abandi bakecuru bari barimo gusenga,
maze igitangaje uwo Mukarumanzi uwo akozeho wese agatangira gusenga mu rurimi
rutumvikana. Hashize akanya ibyo bitero abagabo barabihashya bisubirayo ariko Mukarumanzi
akomeza gusenga yitera hejuru ndetse aza kuduhishurira ko tugiye gutaha 377. Ntawigeze
ashidikanya kuri ibyo n’ubundi bamufataga nk’umuhanuzi.
375
Ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Kayiranga Jean Bosco warokotse ubwicanyi bwakorewe kwa Mukarumanzi, kuya 10
Ukuboza 2018.
376
Uwo musirikare yaje atwaye auto burende yo kurasa abari bahungiye kwa Mukarumanzi.
377
“Gutaha” yavugaga bisobanuye gupfa ukajya mu ijuru. Indege ya Habyarimana igwa nabyo yari yarabivuze ko
hagiye kuba icyago mu Rwanda.
215
Ntibyatinze, Interahamwe ziragarutse, zinjiye mu rugo aho kwa Mukarumanzi zifite imbunda,
amagerenade n’intwaro gakondo zirimo imihoro, amacumu n’amashoka. Abandi batari bafite
intwaro bafata imyugariro batwahukamo baratema bica abantu benshi bari hanze batari
bashoboye kwinjira mu mazu. Hapfuye icyo gihe umugore wanjye Dancille n’uruhinja twari
tumaze icyumweru twibarutse. Mukarumanzi wari watwakiriye iwe mu rugo nawe yapfuye muri
icyo gihe cya mbere.
Kugeza icyo gihe abari bashoboye kwinjira munzu bari batarahura n’ikibazo gikomeye ariko
bumvaga imiborogo y’abari hanze mu mbuga. Uwitwa Kayiranga akimara kurokoka ibyo bitero
yagiye agana ahari ibirindiro by’inzirabwoba akeka ko zishobora kumurokora. Munzira
atarahagera, yasanze i Shyorongi kwa muganga hari bariyeri y’Interahamwe, agaruka inyuma
yihisha mu makawa y’ahitwa i Nyarurama.
“Abatutsi b’i Jari bari barokotse ubwicanyi bw’aho ndetse n’abandi bari batuye ku Mayanga muri
segiteri ya Nzove bumvise ko Abatutsi bo mu Basinga bibereye kwa Mukrumanzi kandi ko
ntakibazo bafite. Niko kuza ari benshi ariko ntibyabahiriye kuko benshi baguye hano murugo
kwa Mukarumanzi”: Muhawenimana Denyse warokotse ubwicanyi bwo kwa Mukarumanzi.
Kuya 12 Mata 1994, tumaze kugera iwe, ibitero byaraje arabyirukana arababwira ati
muranshakaho iki ko ndi uwanyu. Baragenda ariko bahita bajya gushaka izindi Nterahamwe ngo
zize zibafashe. Haza Interahamwe zo ku gasozi bita “Kagaramira” n’izindi zo kuri Ngendo
zarimo uwitwa Niyoyigenga, Turatsinze, Murwanashyaka, n’abandi benshi. Icyo gihe
Interahamwe za Kagaramira zanze kuza kubera ko Mukarumanzi yari afite umukobwa
yashyingiyeyo, bityo banga kuhatera. Mu gitondo kuya 12 Mata, Mukarumanzi yohereje
abuzukuru be babaga iwe mu rugo iwabo. Hari ufite nyina washakiye i Rwahi, yaramubwiye ngo
agende abwire nyina ko afite urugendo azatindamo kandi ko ari bujyane n’abantu benshi.
Umwana yaranze yanga kugenda ariko Mukarumanzi amusohora mu rugo aramwirukana,
umwana abona kujya iwabo. Abandi basigaye na bo yahise abohereza iwabo, abatuma kuri ba
nyina ko adahari kandi aho agiye azatinda. Ibyo bimaze kurangira nka saa tatu ibitero bibiri
byahise bitera urugo rwa Mukarumanzi378.
378
Ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Kayiranga Jean Bosco warokotse ubwicanyi bwakorewe kwa Mukarumanzi, Kanyinya
kuya 10 Ukuboza 2018.
216
Mukarumanzi ubwo yari yatangiye gusenga, yabujije abantu guhunga, ati muze tujye muri rwa
rugendo, arongera ati “Uhunga ni akazi ke!”. Abari bafatanyije ukwemera batangira gusenga
ndetse n’uwo yakoragaho ntiyongeraga kuvuga ikinyarwanda 379. Yari afite amazu manini kandi
menshi ariko ntiyashoboraga kwakira abantu bari bahungiye iwe mu rugo. Ababuze uko
binjiramo bagumye hanze mu mbuga ibitero by’Interahamwe ni bo byahereyeho, ariko igitangaje
niuko mu barokotse ubwicanyi bwahabereye ari abatarashoboye kwinjira mu nzu. Mukarumanzi
ari mu bahise bicwa n’ibyo bitero, umugore wa Kayiranga witwaga Dancille, n’abandi batagira
ingano.
Bigeze hafi nka saa sita haje umusirikare bitaga Kamashini wabaga ku birindiro by’Inzirabwoba i
Shyorongi. Yazanye lisansi n’amagerenade bamaze kwica abari aho mu mbuga bagamije kwica
abari aho bose. Ntibyatinze kuko bahise batangira gusuka lisansi hose barangije batangira gutera
amagerenade muri ya mazu abantu bari bihishemo abarimo bahiramo nta muntu wabashije
gusohoka. Umuriro wamaze iminsi irenga itatu ucumba. Nyuma za Nterahamwe zagarutse
gukora umuganda aho kwa Mukarumanzi zihirika ibikuta by’inzu. Mu rugo kwa Mukarumanzi
hari hahungiye abantu barenga magana atatu ariko mu baharokokeye ntibarenze batandatu harimo
batatu bavukaga i Kanyinya.
Mu bari bahahungiye harimo Abatutsi bo mu Basinga bari batuye hafi ya Mukarumanzi,
abaturutse i Jari, Rusiga no ku Mayaga 380. Abaharokokeye ni Kayiranga Jean Bosco,
Muhawenimana Denyse, Uwamariya Florida n’undi umusore ukomoka batabashje kumenya izina
kuko babashije kwiruka igihe ubwicanyi bwari burimo bukorwa aho mu mbuga yo kwa
Mukarumanzi.
4.8.11. Segiteri ya Nzove
Mu gitondo cyo kuya 7 Mata 1994 Interahamwe zahise zijya kwica umuryango wa Ibambasi wari
utuye muri Serire Bwiza. Igitero cyagiyeyo cyari kiyobowe na Candali ari kumwe na Kigingi
Vedaste, Hitayezu, Musoni, Sibomana, Mutimura, Zuberi, Mugabarigira, Ndekwe, Kurimpuzu,
n’abandi. Bariyeri zari zitarajyaho hirya no hino muri Segiteri ya Nzove. Mu gitondo cyo ku
itariki ya 8 Mata amabwiriza yogushyiraho bariyeri yasakaye hose ndetse irondo ritangira
379
Uwo yakoragaho muri urwo rugendo ntiyongeraga kuvuga ururimi abandi bumva, bamwe mubarokokeye aho
bemeza ko uyu Mukarumanzi yari afite ibindi bimukoresha ariko akaba n’umuhanuzi.
380
Ni Mayaga yo mu Nzove, hafi yo Kwa Habimana Bonaventure bitaga Muvoma.
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gukorwa kumanywa na nijoro. Konseye Karangwa Alexandre alias Matene, Karekezi Michel na
Candali batangiye kuzunguruka Segiteri yose bareba ko Bariyeri zagiyeho ndetse ko n’irondo
ririmo gukora uko bikwiye. Hari bariyeri yashyizwe rugikubita ahitwa mu Bibungo yari ikuriwe
na Hitayezu. Yariho kandi abahungu ba Mugema, Ntashamaje, Mukakabanda umukobwa wa
Kanani, Mukakalimba umukobwa wa Muronsi, n’abandi.
Muri Nyabihu, bariyeri yashyizwe munsi y’urugo rwa Habimana Bonaventure bitaga Muvoma.
Iyo yari ikuriwe na Nzabarirwa afatanyije na Murindahabi. Yariho kandi Interahamwe yitwa
Ndayambaje na Rwagasana. Abo bombi bari bafite imbunda, amagerenade, impiri, n’amashoka.
Iyi bariyeri yariho kandi abaturage bahaturiye babaga bitwaje impiri, imiheto, amacumu
n’imihoro381.
Indi bariyeri yari yashyizwe imbere y’urugo rwa Karekezi Michel. Karekezi ni we wari uyikuriye
we n’abahungu be nka Meshake wariwaravuye gutozwa mu kigo i Gabiro ibijyanye no gukoresha
imbunda n’izindi ntwaro. Uyu Meshake yari azwi cyane kuko nta myigaragambyo cyangwa
ibikorwa byo kubohoza abarwanashyaka yaburagamo.
Ahitwa ku Gateko imbere yo kwa Ntahompagaze hashyizwe bariyeri ikarindwa na
Ntahompagaze n’umugore we Mukangeruka ari na bo bakaga Indangamuntu ababaga
bahanyuze.Indi bariyeri yashyizwe aho bita ku «Kamanga» muri Serire Ruyenzi. Iyo yari ikuriwe
n’Interahamwe yitwa Nsengiyumva alias Matwi. Iyi bariyeri ni yo yiciweho uwari Resiponsabure
wa Nyabihu Twahirwa Jean Bosco wari umaze kurokoka ubwicanyi bwari bwabereye kuya 12
Mata 1994 aho bita mu Kana yishwe n’uwo Matwi.
Indi bariyeri ikomeye yari iri ku mashuri abanza ya Nzove. Iyi yahozeho na mbere ya Jenoside;
yari iriho abasirikare b’Abafaransa bababaga bari kumwe n’inzirabwoba. Abo Bafaransa kandi na
bo bajyaga baka abahanyuze indangamuntu zabo. Nta mututsi wayihitagaho kubera ubushishozi
babaga bafite.
Bariyeri y’aho bitaga kwa «Musa». Yari ikuriwe n’uwitwa Habimana na Gafaranga abahungu ba
Musa. Hari bariyeri kandi yashyizwe kwa Karangwa Alexandre alias Matene wari Konseye wa
segiteri ya Nzove. Hari kandi bariyeri yo kwa Kavuna Assuman na barumuna be. Iyi bariyeri
niyo yinjiraga muri kaburimbo ugana ku “Gitikinyoni”, ahari bariyeri y’umugabo wamamaye mu
381
Ubuhamya bwtanzwe na Impore Innocent, Nzove kuya 13 Gashyantare 2019.
218
bwicanyi witwa Setiba Joseph. Izi bariyeri zose uko zari muri segiteri ya Nzove zagenzurwaga na
Konseye Karangwa Alexandre alias Matene afatanyije na Candali ndetse n’abahungu bo kwa
Karekezi Michel.
4.7.11.1. Ahaguye imbaga y’Abatutsi benshi muri Segiteri ya Nzove
Abatutsi bo mu Nzove cyane cyane abari batuye aho bita ku Mayaga ubwicanyi butangira,
bahungiye i Kanyinya kuri Segiteri. Munzira bamwe muri bo Interahamwe n’abasirikare
bagendaga bakuramo abo bashatse bakajya kubica abandi bakabakomeretsa ku buryo bukomeye.
Igitero cyishe Abatutsi bo muri Segiteri ya Nzove aho bahurijwe ahitwa mu “Kana”
Ku itariki 8 Mata 1994 niho gusenya no gusahura Abatutsi bari batuye mu Nzove byatangiye.
Kuri iyo tariki nibwo basenyeye ndetse banatwikira Kabatsi n’abahungu be. Icyo gihe
Interahamwe zatangiye kuzenguruka mu ngo aho Abatutsi bari batuye zibategeka kujya ku biro
bya Segiteri ya Kanyinya. Abatutsi bo muri Segiteri ya Nzove kimwe n’Abatutsi baje baturuka i
Jali, ku Mayaga n’ahandi babanje guhungira kuri Segiteri ya Kanyinya bizeye kuhakirira.
Interahamwe yitwa Munana, umupolosi witwa Uwazigira bari baturutse i Jari, Munyensanga
Michel na Konseye Nzabanita nabo bahise bahagera. Ntibyatinze kandi umusirikare wavukanaga
n’Interahamwe bitaga Munyamahame mwene Byarabuze, witwa Karambizi wari ufite ipeti rya
Kapiteni akihagera yahise akorana inama na ba bandi uko ari bane. Barangije inama batangira
kwaka impunzi zari aho amarangamuntu yazo. Nibwo rero batangiye kuvangura impunzi; uwo
basanze ari Umututsi akaguma kuri Segiteri, naho uwo basanze ari Umuhutu bakamwohereza ku
ishuri rya Kanyinya. Abasigaye kuri segiteri nibo baje koherezwa kwicirwa ahitwa mu «Kana».
Kuri uwo mugoroba bagabanyijemo abari aho kuri segiteri ibyiciro bibiri. Icya mbere cyahise
giherekezwa n’abasirikare bari baturutse i Nyamweru, bafatanyije n’Interahamwe yitwa
Munyamahame, Seromba mwene Gashumba na Nyirahategeka n’abandi benshi. Tugeze kuri
Ngendo twahasanze bariyeri yari iriho Interahamwe zirimo Rwandinda, Niyoyigenga,
Harorimana, n’abahungu ba Kamayombo na bo baradukurikiye bafatanya nabo kuduherekeza
ariko ntitwari tuzi aho batwerekeje.
Kuya 11 Mata 1994 abasirikare bavanye Abatutsi bahungiye ku biro bya Segiteri ya Kanyinya
baberekeza umuhanda wa kaburimbo usa n’ugana i Nyamweru. Bageze i Nyamweru ahari
bariyeri y’abasirikare b’Abafaransa, abasirikare bari babaherekeje babanyujije agahanda kari mu
219
kaboko k’iburyo, ubu hubatswe sitasiyo ya lisansi. Aho bari babajyanye hitwaga mu Kana hafi
y’ahari irimbi ry’abaturage b’i Kanyinya. Bahageze baberetse inzira yinjira mu ishyamba na bwo
mu kaboko k’iburyo. Bageze hejuru ku manga babategeka bose kwicara bareba hepfo. Ubwo abo
basirikari bo basubira haruguru yacu aba ari ho baturindira. Imiterere y’aho hantu
ntawashoboraga kuba yahunga. Turara aho buracya”382.
Mu rukerera abasirikare bazanye abandi Batutsi bari basigaye ku biro bya Segiteri ya Kanyinya.
Bamaze kuhagera, babohereza aho Abatutsi bari baryamye mu nshinge, ababyeyi babundikiriye
abana babo kubera imbeho yari kuri ako Gasozi, abana barira kubera inzara n’inyota. Abantu
bakuru bari bihebye babona ko nta kindi kibategereje usibye urupfu.
Igihe cya saa kumi n’ebyiri n’igice ni bwo ba basirikare bari baturi inyuma barashe urufaya
rw’amasasu383. Uko kurasa kwari gutanga ikimenyetso cyo gutangira kwica. Muri ako kanya
Interahamwe ziturutse mu Nzove zahereye epfo ariko mu kaboko k’iburyo. Na ho Interahamwe
zaturutse i Kanyinya zari zigizwe n’izari ziturutse i Jari n’izindi zari zaraye zishe Abatutsi bari
bahungiye kwa Mukarumanzi zari mu gice cy’ahagana ku muhanda ahari abasirikare bari
baturinze. Kuva ubwo nta sasu ryongeye kuvuga kuko babanje kudutera ibyuka biryana mu maso,
ziradutangatanga zidushyira hagati, turatakamba ariko biba iby’ubusa. Batangira gutema tubura
iyo duhungira kubera imiterere y’aho bari batuzanye. Babanje gutera ibyuka bihumanya hanyuma
batwahukamo baratema hapfa benshi cyane. Bigeze nka saa sita bafata akaruhuko”384.
4.7.11.2. Iyicarubozo ryakorewe Abatutsi muri Segiteri ya Nzove
Umugabo witwa Kayiranga ahunga we n’umuryango we berekeza i Kanyinya yafatiwe kuri
bariyeri y’inzirabwoba ziramusigarana, zifashishije bya byuma bita “beneti” zamukuyemo ijisho
rimwe ntizarivanamo neza. Zimaze kumugira gutyo zaramubwiye ngo nagende. Yaje kugera ku
biro bya Segiteri ya Kanyinya ijisho arifashe mu kiganza ataka kubera ko yababaraga cyane. Icyo
gihe ijisho ryari rigifashwe n’imitsi yaryo. Igihe cyo kujyanwa mu Kana aho yaje kwicirwa yari
agitwaye iryo jisho mu kiganza.
382
Ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Impore Innocent na Theomistocles Twagirimana barokotse ubwicanyi bwabereye mu
Kana, Kanyinya kuya 12 Mutarama 2019.
383
Ayo masasu ni yo yatangije ubwicanyi kuko nyuma yayo ni bwo Interahamwe zatangiye akazi kazo.
384
Ubuhamya bwatangiwe mu Nzove, Mutarama 2019
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Nyagahungu François amaze kwicwa hari Interahamwe yitwa Mbaraga Célestinyari
yaravuze ko ari yo izamwiyicira. Amaze gusanga zamutanze kumwica we icyo yakoze
yahise afata inkota aramushahura yigamba ko ari we wari wari yarahigiye kuzamwica.
-
Nayigiziki Vincent mwene Casmir bamujugunye mu musarani ari muzima apfa hashize
iminsi ibiri.
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Twahirwa Jean Bosco wahoze ari Resiponsabure wa Serire Nyabihu yishwe
n’Interahamwe yitwa Nsengiyumva alias Matwi amunyujije inkota mu kanwa ayihingutsa
umuhogo isatura igituza.
-
Ntaganda na Majyora bicishaga abana bato ubuhiri bitaga ntampongano.
-
Umutegarugori witwaga Clotilda bamwishe bamuziritse ku biti bamaze kumufomoza
bajya kumujugunya muri Nyabarongo bagenda babyina.
-
Abana b’impinja bagiye bapfa nyuma y’ababyeyi babo na bo bishwe urubozo. Hari
Interahamwe yakubise ubuhiri umwana mu mutwe arira aramuhwanya. Habereye ibintu
bibi.
Ubuhamya bwa Innocent Impore warokotse ubwicanyi bwabereye mu Kana
Innocent Impore ni umwe mu Batutsi bake barokokeye mu Kana ahiciwe imbaga y’Abatutsi
kugeza ubu itazwi umubare. Aratubwira uko yageze mu Kana.
Indege ya Habyarimana imaze guhanuka, hatanzwe amabwiriza ko ntamuntu wemerewe
gusohoka iwe mu rugo. Bukeye kuwa 7 Mata nka saa tatu, Interahamwe n’uburakari bwinshi
zarambaye zitangira gukwirakwira mu ngo z’Abatutsi. Zabanje mu Bwiza ku mugabo witwa
Ibambasi Daniel wari umushoferi zimwicana n’umuryango we. Ubwo twahise tumenya ibigiye
kutubaho twese, jye n’abo mu muryango wanjye duhungira i Kanyinya mu muryango twari
tuziranye. Ariko mu by’ukuri kwari uguhungira ubwayi mu kigunda.
Tugeze muri urwo rugo inkuru yazanywe na ba nyumbakumi bari bavuye mu nama Konseye yari
yatumiye. Ni ko kubwira abo bari baducumbikiye ngo tutagomba kuguma aho mu rugo ahubwo
ari ukujya ku biro bya Segiteri ya Kanyinya. Ntibyatinze twahise dufata inzira tuhasanga abandi
ndetse abantu bakomeje kuza buhoro buhoro baturutse i Kanyinya, Rwahi, Rusiga, Shyorongi,
n’ahandi. Umubare wakomeje kwiyongera ndetse baza no kubwira Abahutu bari aho ko bo bajya
ku mashuri ya Kanyinya.
221
“Saa moya za nijoro ni bwo abasirikare bazaga baducamo ibice bibiri, njye nagiye mu cya
mbere, baradushorera twerekeza aho mu Kana, mu byukuri ntitwari tuzi aho tugiye. Gusa mu
nzira tugenda bavugaga ko bashaka kuduhungisha ibitero by’Interahamwe byari byadusanze
kare ku biro bya Segiteri ariko nta cyo byadukozeho kubera ko twese, ari Abahutu n’Abatutsi
twari tugishyize hamwe. .
Kuya 11 Mata nijoro ni bwo twageze kuri ako gasozi ka Kana turaharara buracya. Mujyitondo
karekare hasesekaye abandi bantu bari basigaye kuri Segiteri. Imibare y’abantu yagendaga
yiyongera ku buryo abari bamaze kuhagera barengaga ibihumbi bitanu.
Ku ruhande rw’ubuyobozi, Interahamwe n’abasirikare bateguye igitero cyo kuza kutwica. Nka
saa kumi n’ebyiri zirenga ni bwo ubwicanyi bwatangiye ariko imyiteguro yari yatangiye kare
tubibona ariko guhunga ntitwari kubishobora bitewe n’imiterere y’agasozi bari batuzanyeho.
Ubwicanyi bwakozwe n’Interahamwe z’i Kanyinya zaduturutse inyuma, Interahamwe zo muri
Segiteri ya Nzove zo zaturutse mu ruhande rwo hepfo, abasirikare b’inzirabwoba bari
bakambitse ku gasozi ka Nyamweru na bo bari baje, baduheza hagati, baratema, baraturasa,
badutera amagerenade n’ibindi byose bashatse gukora. Mbese yari imiborogo abantu basaba
imbabazi, barasenga ariko abo bagome nta we bagiriye impuhwe.
Innocent Mpore avuga ko yiboneye ubwe mu Kana igihe bakwirwaga imishwaro batangiye
kwica, Interahamwe zo mu Nzove zirimo Butare Jean Bosco, Candali, Mbaraga Célestin
n’umuhungu we Kabandana, Urimubenshi Elias, Mutimura Jean Chrisostome, Mudahunga Jean
Pierre.
Ubwicanyi butangira sinamenye uko nageze mu gihuru. Nihishanye na murumuna wanjye witwa
Tisa Ernest. Muri icyo gihuru nasanzemo kandi undi musore wari waturutse i Jari. Uwo munsi
bica twumva ariko dufite ubwoba, bigeze saa kumi n’imwe z’umugoroba barataha kuko bumvaga
ko baturangije twese. Mu mirambo y’abo bari bishe harimo abandi bantu bagihumeka ariko
badashobora kuvamo. Ubwo Interahamwe zari zavuze ko zigaruka bukeye; ijoro riguye tuva muri
cya gihuru tujya gushaka inzira ariko byari bigoye guca inzira utazi kandi nijoro kugira ngo
ugere aho ushaka. Mu rukerera n ibwo twageze ku mugezi wa Nyabarongo, turayambuka tugera
hakurya i Nduga ariko ho bari bataratangira kwica, ducumbika kwa muramu wanjye w’Umuhutu
wari warashatse mushiki wanjye. Tuhamaze iminsi ibiriubwicanyi bwahise butangira maze ku
222
munsi wa gatatu atwirukana iwe mu rugo maze tugaruka kwihisha mu bisheke. Igishanga
twakibayemo kugeza igihe Inkotanyi zifatiye igihugu, mba ndarusimbutse.
Ubuhamya bwa Theomistocles Twagirimana n’uko yarokotse
Theomistocles Twagirimana yarokokeye mu Kana nyuma yo kuhakomerekera bikomeye.
Ubuhamya bwe yabuduhaye muri iyi nkuru ikurikira:
Mu ijoro ryo kuya 6 Mata 1994, Papa akimara kumenya ko Perezida Habyarimana yapfuye,
yaraje arambwira ati mwana wanjye indege y’umubyeyi yahanutse, ati kuva Habyarimana
apfuye ubu ni ukwitegura intambara. Twararyame buracya nta kibazo kibaye. Bukeye ari kuwa
kane, nari naraye ntetse ibishyimbo by’ibitonore, njya gukura ibijumba hakurya iyo twagiraga
amasambu. Saa yine n ibwo nageze mu rugo bya bitonore ngerekaho n’ibijumba nari maze
kuzana. Mu gihe kitageze ku isaha Interahamwe zitera muri Serire Nyabihu aho twari dutuye.
Ibyo nari ntetse tubitaho duhungira mu ishyamba ryari haruguru yo kwa Kabatsi se w’umugabo
wari resiponsabure wa Nyabihu witwaga Twahirwa Jean Bosco.
Mu gihe twahungaga, twanyuze kwa Kabatsi, tumubwira ko ibintu byakomeye Interahamwe
zaduteye. Kabatsi n’umuryango we nabo baradukurikira tujya kwihisha hejuru mu ishyamba aho
bita mu “Bitare”. Twari tumaze kugera hafi abantu 6o (kuko hari abahungu benshi ba Kabatsi,
abagore babo n’abana). Interahamwe zari zakwiye mu ngo z’Abatutsi aho muri Nyabihu,
zatangiye gusenya no gusahura. Ubwo kandi Abahutu bari batangiye gutwikira Abatutsi.
Nka saa cyenda z’umugoroba turi aho twari twihishe mu Bitare, Kabatsi aratubwira ati mureke
tuve mu maso y’aba bantu. Twese uko twanganaga dufata inzira yerekeza i “Nyamweru” 385, hari
ku itariki ya 9 Mata 1994. Twese uko twanganaga duhungira kwa data wacu wari utuye i
Nyamweru kuri Kaburimbo. Turi muri urwo rugo twakomeje gukurikira ibibera iwacu kuko hari
hirengeye. Twbonaga icyo gihe uko ing z’iwacu zirimo gutwika. Tukiri mu Bitare twasize
abaturage tangiye gusambura amazu y’iwacu, iya Kabatsi n’iy’umuhungu we Twahirwa wari
resiponsabure wa Nyabihu.
Kuya 10 Mata nimugoroba ni bwo ubuyobozi bwaje buza kubwira uwo data wacu ko tujya kuri
Segiteri ya Kanyinya akaba ariho turindirwa umutekano. Tugezeyo twaraharaye ndetse bukeye
385
Kamwe mu dusozi tugize Kanyinya.
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turahirirwa, ariko igihe twari tukiri kwa data wacu hari ijoro abasirikari bari bakambitse i
Nyamweru baje gushimuta abagabo bo kujya kwica. Icyo gihe hagenda mukuru wanjye witwaga
Kayiranga n’abandi bahungu babiri bamaze kwereka abo basirikare indangamuntu. Bakiri aho
murugo rwa data wacu, Kayiranga kubera ko ari we wari mukuru muri abo bari batwaye, abo
basirikare bamukuyemo amaso bamushyira imbere ngo agende. Ni cyo gihe muherukira ndetse
n’igihe twajyaga mu Kana sinigeze mubona.
Ku itariki ya 11 Mata 1994 saa mbiri z’ijoro, icyo gihe Inkotanyi zari zimaze kugera i Jari kuko
abajandarume bahabaga bari batangiye guhunga, abasirikare baraje baratubwira ngo tuve aho
kuri Segiteri batwereke ahandi tujya kurindirwa umutekano. Twari abantu benshi cyane, dufata
umuhanda wa kaburimbo maze abasirikare batujya imbere abandi batujya inyuma. Kubera
ubwinshi bw’abari aho kuri Segiteri, hari abahasigaye batugezeho mu gitondo. Abasirikare
b’Abafaransa bari hejuru i Nyamweru muri urwo rugendo bajyaga batunyuza amabombe hejuru
bohereza i Jari aho Inkotanyi zari ziri.
Abasirikare bari imbere hari ahantu bageze bafata agahanda k’igitaka iburyo natwe
turabakurikira. Papa abibonye atyo arambwira ati mwana wanjye ubwo tuje hano ntitukibayeho.
We yari yamenye kare ko bagiye kutwica atari ukuturindira umutekano nkuko bari babitubwiye.
Tugeze aho mu Kana386, batwicaje tureba epfo mu gikombe nk’ureba umugezi wa Nyabarongo
cyangwa hasi mu Nzove. Ntawigeze anyeganyega kubera ubwoba twese twari dufite.
Ntawashoboraga kandi gukebuka ngo arebe byibuze uwinyuma ye. Ubwo abasirikare bari
haruguru yacu barinze ko ntawasubira inyuma cyangwa ngo ave aho bari batwicaje. Turara aho.
Mu rukerera ba bandi twari twasize kuri Segiteri na bo baba barahageze babadusangisha aho
twari twicaye. Hashize nk’isaha bahageze ubwo ni kuya 12 Mata nka saa kumi n’ebyiri n’igice,
ba basirikare barashe amasasu menshi, bityo dutangira kugwirirana aho twari twicaye. Ayo
masasu yarashwe ntawe yahitanye ni nayo mpamvu navuga ko ari ikimenyetso cyo gutangiza
ubwicanyi. Interahamwe zo ku Mayaga, Nzove, Ruyenzi, iza Nyamweru, izo i Kanyinya, n’ahandi
zari ziteguye. Bamaze kurasa Interahamwe aho zari ziryamye zahise zibyuka natwe tubona turi
hagati mu ruziga rw’izo Nterahamwe.
386
Akana ni agasozi gateretse hejuru y’imanga mbi cyane ireshya hafi na metero 200. Uramutse unyereye ntubona
ikigutangira uruhukira yo. Ninayo mpamvu abantu batinyaga kuherekeza kuko nabyo byari urupfu nk’urwo bari
bagiye kwicwa.
224
Icyo gihe kandi ntawabashaga kuba yasubira haruguru kuko hari abasirikare, tubura aho
duhungira batwahukamo baratema. Papa twari kumwe aho ngaho yaje gufata inzira igana mu
Rutagara ariko ntiyarenga umutaru bamutsinda hafi ataragera umuhanda. Njye n’abandi
twahunze tugana hepfo tuhasanga igitero cy’Interahamwe, tubura aho dukwirwa dusa
n’abagaruka haruguru. Ubwo izindi Nterahamwe zahirikaga amabuye uwo rigwiriye rigahita
rimwica. Icyo gihe niboneye ubwanjye Interahamwe yitwa Majyora wadoderaga inkweto ku
Mubuga ahorahoza akana k’agahinja agakubise ubuhiri mu mutwe. Undi nabashije kubona muri
ibyo bitero ni uwitwa Ntaganda ariko we namuvuze igihe cy’Inkiko Gacaca bavuga ko n’ubundi
ndi umusazi kubera ukuntu bantemye mu mutwe.
Ubwo hari hamaze kwicwa abantu batagira ingano; tubuze uko tugira, abari bagihumeka
tugenda dusanga cya gitero cyari hepfo yacu. Nari kumwe icyo gihe na Twahirwa Jean Bosco
umuhungu wa Kabatsi n’abana babiri b’impanga Alice na Liliane bo kwa Fideli. Tugeze muri
icyo gitero Interahamwe zitwicaza hasi n’ubundi tugirango ahari zigiye kutubabarira. Imirambo
yar myinshi n’ubwo twagendaga tuyisimbuka. Hari Interahamwe zavuye mu gitero cyarwaniraga
ahagana haruguru ziza zidusanga aho twari twicaye. Nta sasu ryongeye kuvuga, hakoze
imipanga, ubuhiri n’amashoka. Kubera ko twari twicaye tureba hepfo, abicanyi bahereye ruguru
batema noneho Twahirwa Jean Bosco kubera ko ari we twari twegeranye arambwira ati ariko
sha waje tukagenda, gusa abimbwira Interahamwe zangezeho. Narahagurutse, maze nteye
intambwe ya mbere, umwe aba yarangije kunkubita ishoka mu mutwe, Twahirwa we ahita yiruka
agana ha handi Interahamwe zari ziri kuko zari zimaze kwinjira mu bantu zitangiye gutema. Na
njye naramukurikiye mvirirana igice cy’inyuma cy’umutwe. Turamanuka epfo ahitwa mu
Gahama387, dusanga kuzuye biratugora kwambuka kubera imvura yari yaguye ari nyinshi.
Imyenda n’inkweto nari nambaye nabitaye aho kugira ngo mbashe kwambuka.
Twahirwa amaze kubona uko mvirirana byamuteye impungenge afata umushwali yari afite
awupfuka aho bari bantemye kugirango hatajyamo ibishokoro n’uko dukomeza urugendo. Tugeze
muri Bwiza dufata agahanda kagana mu bisheke tugira ngo twihishe abari kuri bariyeri yari
ihari iyobowe na Nsengiyumva alias Matwi. Byabaye iby’ubusa kuko Matwi yari asanzwe azi
Twahirwa, yaratubonye avuza induru natwe tuba twinjiye mu bisheke turihisha. We na bagenzi
be bahise batera gerenade aho twari twihishe ariko ntiyagira icyo idutwara, ariko nyuma baza
387
Agahama n’umugezi utemba uva mu misozi.
225
badukurikiye badukuramo, bazamuka badukubita ibibatira by’imihoro. Twahirwa we ntacyo
bamubajije kuberako bari basanzwe bamuzi.
Theomistocles Twagirimana yakomeje urugendo
Ngeze kuri iyo bariyeri ikuriwe na Matwi bambajije ibibazo byinshi: babanje kumbaza ngo
“wabaye iki”? Kubera ko nari ngifite akenge, ariko n’Imana yatumye mbivuga, narabashubije
nti twarwanye n’Abatutsi barahindukira barantema. Barongera barambaza bati uri uwo
kwande? Narabashubije nti ndi uwo kwa Manihura, se w’umugabo witwa Nzeyimana wari
Nterahamwe ikomeye. Barongeye barambaza bati se ko utagiye kwa Muganga? Nibwo bambwiye
ngo njye kwa muganga i Rutonde ariko ntangira gutekereza bariyeri yari iri hafi y’ivuriro iriho
Candali wari unzi neza, numva ngize ubwoba. Narababwiye nti najyaga nyura hano ngiye kwiga
kwa Tanzi i Kigali nigira kubatizwa mwaretse akaba ariho njya kwivuza ko hafi yaho hari
ivuriro, baranyemerera.
Nkihagaze aho ariko, Twahirwa bongeye kumukubita ikibatira cy’umuhoro hanyuma
Nsengiyumva alias Matwi amwicaza hasi. Akigera hasi hahise haza umugabo ntibuka neza wari
hafi aho afite inkota mu ntoki. Yafashe iyo nkota ayijomba Twahirwa mu kanwa arashimangira
ihinguranya umunwa awusaturamo ibice bibiri amanura mu muhogo ahinguranya igituza.
Twahirwa musiga aho asamba.
“Muri urwo rupfu rwa Twahirwa ntiyigeze avuga ko anzi kugira ngo batwicire hamwe ari na cyo
mushimira kuko yapfuye kigabo. Nsengiyumva Matwi niwe namenye nabaza urupfu rwa
Twahirwa kubera ko ari we wadusanze mu bisheke kandi akaba ari nawe wicaje Twahirwa aho
hasi mbere y’uko uwo mugabo amwicisha inkota”.
Nafashe inzira y’umuhanda wose, nyura ku mashuri ariko sinahasanga bariyeri, ndakomeza.
Nanyuze kuri bariyeri yo kwa Mussa ntibagira icyo bambaza kubera ko batari banzi. Nigiye
imbere nahasanze bariyeri y’ahitwa kwa Paca mpasanga umuhungu we witwa Mathias
twabanaga mu ba saveri afite imbunda. Akimara kubona uko meze, yarambajije ati ese wabaye
iki? Ndamubwira nti bantemye, sinagombaga kumubeshya kubera ko yari anzi neza ko ndi
Umututsi. Yahise ambwira ati genda sinkwica uzagwe kubandi, nuko nkomeza urugendo.
Bariyeri yo kwa Assuman nayo ntacyo bambajije nkomeza urugendo. Ngeze hafi ku “Giti
k’inyoni” ahitwa kwa Muhawenimana Cleophas ninjira mu ivuriro ryari rihari nshaka ko
226
bamvura. Nahasanze umuhungu wa Karekezi Michel wari Interahamwe wari wararashwe
aharwariye.
Abaganga nahasanze barambajije ngo nabaye iki, noneho ndababwira nti n’Interahamwe
zantemye. Mu by’ukuri mu mutwe byari byatangiye guhinduka. Bahise bambwira ngo twe
ntituvura Inkotanyi, va hano. Bongera ku mbaza bati ese ufite amafaranga? Ndabasubiza nti
ntayo mfite ariko mfite umutungo. Igihe navuganaga n’uwo muganga hahise haza Karekezi
Michel ari kumwe n’undi muhungu wari ufite imbunda amuherekeje aje gusura umuhungu we.
Karekezi Michel yari anzi kuko nakunze kujya njya iwe kubera ko nari inshuti y’umwana we
w’umukobwa waje kwitaba Imana. Na we yarambajije ati wabaye iki? Ndamusubiza nti
bantemye. Ni uko ambwira ko nta kintu ari bumfashe. Arongera arambwira ati sinakujyana mu
rugo kuguhisha n’ubundi bakunyicana. Nyuma yaje kumbwira ati icyiza ni’uko wasanga mama
wawe i Gitarama wenda ho ntibirakara nka hano. Naramubwiye ngo anyingingire abaganga
bamvure kuko bari banze kumvura. Yarambwiye ati humura barakuvura.
Umuganga umwe aza kumpamagara mbere yo kumvura arambaza ati: “uremera gusinyira
urutoki rw’iwanyu”? Ndamubwira nti ndabikora. Barandoda ariko bandoda batabanje
kunyogosha. Ubwo bahita bansinyisha urupapuro rw’urutoki rw’iwacu mbahaye, ni ko kujya
guhamagara Konseye Karangwa Alexandre alias Matene aho yari ari kuri bariyeri yo kwa
Muhawenimana Cléophas. Konseye Matene ntiyari anzi ariko ahageze arambaza ati uri mwene
nde, ndamubwira… Ubwo icyo gihe yari afite imbunda, amaze kumbaza ibyo anyegeka ku giti
kiri hafi y’icyuma cy’amashanyarazi, ashyiramo isasu agiye kundasa sinzi uwabimubujije
amubwiye ngo iryo sasu ryaba ripfuye ubusa n’ubundi uwo muntu yapfuye; ng’uko uko nakize
urupfu rwa Konseye Karangwa Alexandre alias Matene.
Karekezi Michel yaje kugaruka n’ubundi ansanga aho ariko maze kuvurwa. Yampaye
amafaranga magana atanu arambwira ngo ninjye iwabo wa mama i Gitarama muri Komini
Kayenzi. Karekezi Michel n’umuganga wari umaze kumvura nabasize aho ndagenda nerekeza ku
kiraro mpasanga umugabo witwa Mitongano wari Interahamwe yicaye ku kiraro ariko kubera ko
atari anzi, nta cyo yambajije. Mfata umuhanda wa Gitarama ndi kumwe n’impunzi zari zaravuye
Kivuye, nambuka ikiraro cya Nyabarongo ngeze hakurya Kamuhanda ntega n’imodoka ingeza
muri Komini Kayenzi aho nasanze umubyeyi wanjye.
227
4.9. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mur Komini ya Butamwa
Nubwo Jenoside yatangiye tariki ya 7 Mata 1994, ibimenyetso by’uko Abatutsi bazibasirwa
n’ubwicanyi byari byaragargaye na mbere y’aho. Abahutu b’i Butamwa bajyaga bavuga
kumugaragaro ko bazica Abatutsi igihe nikigera. Ihanurwa ry’indege y’uwari umukuru w’igihugu
Juvénal Habyarimana yabaye nk’ imbarutso. Benshi bari mu mutwe w’Interahamwe bakoze
inama zitagira ingano bategura uko bagiye gushyira mu bikorwa iyicwa ry’Abatutsi388.
Indege yaraye ihanutse, Burugumesitiri Twagirayezu wari warasimbuye Ruberangondo Stanislas
igihe amatora yari amaze gusubirwamo MRND igatsindwa, yatumiwe mu nama y’igitaraganya i
Kigali ku itariki ya 7 Mata. Bukeye kuya 8 Mata habaye inama ku biro bya Komini ya Butamwa
iyobowe na Burugumesitiri Twagirayezu na Muhizina Sébastien wari umwungirije. Hatumiwe ba
Konseye bose ba segiteri za Butamwa, harimo kandi kandi abapolisi ba Komini barimo uwitwa
Habimana warindaga urugo rwa Karera François wari Superefe icyo gihe i Bugesera, muganga
Dusabe Thérèse wayoboraga Ikigo Nderabuzima cya Butamwa, Ruberangondo Stanislas wahoze
ari Burugumesitiri wa Butamwa, Gasana Stanislas, Gatete Charles, Iyakaremye Noheri, Rufifi
Jean Népomuscène, Ubarijoro Jean Damascene, Bagezaho Deny, Musabende Alphonse,
Kanyarushoki Telesphore, Gahamanyi Geregori, Setiba Joseph, Sekamana Emmanuel, Mbonyi
Pacifique, Gasasira Jean Claude, Rutaganda, Nzeyimana, Mutsindashyaka Télésphore,
Twizeyimana Emmanuel n’abandi389. Gahamani Geregori, mwene Zibanyinshi André na
Nyirahabimana Sophie yavukiye muri segiteri ya Gatare muri komini ya Butamwa mu 1950. Mu
gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yari umucuruzi na resiponsabule wa serire muri komini ya
Butamwa. Yarezwe ibyaha byo kugenzura no kuyobora Jenoside muri komini ya Butamwa no
gutoranya abagombaga kwicwa no kujugunywa muri Nyabarongo. Ibyo bimaze kumuhama, ku
itariki ya 24 Nzeri 2009 yahanishijwe gufungwa Burundi y’umwihariko akaba ari muri gereza ya
Kigali390.
Muri Segiteri ya Kigali Konseye Ubarijoro Jean Damascene akiva muri iyo nama yabereye kuri
Komini, yahise atumizaho abaresiponsabure n’abaserire, bahurira kwa Setiba Joseph, aho
yacururizaga inzoga. Resiponsabure Shabani wa Serire Kiruhura nawe yari ari muri iyo nama
388
Ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Karinganire Dismas warokotse jenoside, Mageragere, 11 Ugushyingo 2018.
Ubuhamya twahawe n’uwakoranaga hafi n’urwego rwa Police communale i Butamwa, Nyarugenge kuya 15
Ukwakira 2018.
390
Urukiko rw’umurenge wa Gatare, Nyarugenge, 2009
389
228
yabereye kwa Setiba Joseph. Bongeye gusubira mu rutonde rw’Abatutsi bagombaga kwicwa
rwari rwakozwe mbere y’iyo nama, bashimangira ibijyanye n’amarondo y’amanywa n’ijoro,
bemeza kandi ahagomba gushyirwa za bariyeri391. Havuzwe kandi urutonde rw’abagomba
guhabwa imbunda zari zifitwe na Setiba Joseph, yari yahawe ku itariki ya 7 Mata na Major
Mugemana wari utuye ku Kimisagara ndetse n’izindi zari zaturutse kuri Komini.
Ku itariki ya 9 Mata 1994, Setiba Joseph na Konseye Ubarijoro bakoresheje inama abaturage b’ i
Karama biganjemo “Abanyabungo 392” bari bazwiho kwitanga, barimo uwitwa “Pas mal”,
Riberakurora wacuruzaga mazutu, Bizimungu, Kalisiti, Munyaneza, Kagote, Eugène na
Serugendo bose bakomoka muri uwo muryango w’abanyabungo. Aba banyabungo bari bafite
bariyeri ikomeye cyane hejuru muri Kigali. Abo banyabungo bari basanzwe bifitiye intwaro zabo
gakondo, ariko bamwe muri bo bari barahuguwe gukoresha imbunda bahawe imbunda, amasasu
n’amagerenade yo kurinda umwanzi. Kuri uwo munsi kandi ni bwo Interahamwe zo muri
Kiruhura, izo mu Banyabungo zahawe imbunda ku mugaragaro. Interahamwe zakiriye izo
mbunda harimo abitwa Bizimungu, Kalisiti, Munyaneza, Innocent, Kagote, Eugène, Serugendo
mwene Sebumba na Umulisa, Bihoyiki na Jumayine 393 mwene Nyandwi Hamada, Twagirimana
mwene Twiringiyimana Mapengu, Candari mwene Binyavanga, Subukino n’umuhungu we
Shabani, na Ngiruwonsanga Claver, n’abandi.
Setiba Joseph alias Colonel ari mu baburanishijwe n’Inkiko Gacaca. Setiba ni mwene
Rukaburambuga Pierre na Nyirandambiwe Anne Marie. Yavukiye i Butamwa mu1950. Mu
rubanza rwe rwabereye mu kagari ka Kankuba, umurenge wa Butamwa, yarezwe kuba Perezida
w’Interahamwe, kuba Sekamana na Kabutura baragiye kumwiyambaza bamwaka abasirikare
muri segiteri ya Kigali ngo barangize ubwicanyi, gutegura inama zo kwica Abatutsi mu gihe cya
Jenoside, kuba umuyobozi w’ishyaka rya MRND ashinzwe discipline mu mujyi wa Kigali no mu
nkengero zawo. Yahamwe n’ibi byaha ahanishwa gufungwa burundi y’umwihariko, kuwa 24
Nzeri 2009394.
391
Ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Hitimana Pio, Mwendo kuya 14 Ukwakira 2018.
Uyu muryango wari ufite abantu benshi ari abakuru ari abato bitabiraga imyigaragambyo, gusahura, n’ubundi
bugome butandukanye. Bakunze kujya gutera imbaraga Interahamwe zindi hirya no hino ahabaga habereye
imyigaragambyo cyangwa se za mitingi.
393
Aba batorotse ubutabera baba mu bihugu byo hanze.
394
Urukiko Gacaca rw’umurenge wa Butamwa, Nyarugenge, 2009
392
229
4.9.1. Komini ya Butamwa
Urupfu rwa Habyarimana rukimara kumenyekana muri Komini ya Butamwa umwera bwakeye
wakwiriye hose kuko abayobozi bahise bategeka ahashyirwa bariyeri. Ishyirwaho rya za bariyeri
yabanjirijwe n’inama yabereye kuri komini yarimo abakonseye ba za segiteri uko ari umunani
zari zigize Komini ya Butamwa. Iyo nama yarimo kandi abapolisi ba komini na Burigadiye
wabo. Haje kandi abari bahagarariye amashyaka CDR, MDR na MRND, Muhizina Sebastiani,
Rufifi, Mutsindashyaka Christophe n’abandi nabo bari bitabiriye iyo nama. Muri iyo nama
icyavuyemo n’ishyirwaho rya bariyeri n’itangira ry’amarondo yakorwaga amanywa na n’ijoro
aho batekereza ko umwanzi395 yanyura. Bariyeri zashyizwe ahantu bagerageza gufunga inzira
zose zatuma abantu bagera ku mwaro w’uruzi rwa Nyabarongo. Izo bariyeri zashyirwagwaho
n’ubuyobozi ariko bitabujije ko n’abaturage ku giti cyabo bashyiragaho izabo kandi bashyigikiwe
n’ubuyobozi. Muzashyizweho muri iki gice cya Butamwa, Nyarubande na Burema nizi
zikurikira:
Bariyeri ya Kavumu yayoborwaga na Xaveri Kabutura, Birasa, Bideri na Magera;
Bariyeri y’ahitwa Kankurimbi;
Bariyeri ya Mubura aho gereza itangirira yarindwaga na Emmanuel Ruhagaze; Saidi,
Rutikanga Vincent, Kasimu na Bene Rwitunda. Kuri iyo bariyeri hari inzu y’ibyumba
bibiri yajonjorerwagamo abagabo bicwa igacumbikirwamo abagore, abana n’abasaza
babaga bategereje kujya kurohwa mu mugezi wa Nyabarongo. Abagabo n’abasore bo
bahitaga bicirwa aho bakajunywa mu cyobo cyari mu rugo kwa Martini Munyenkaka;
395
Umwanzi bashakaga kuvuga Umututsi.
230
Iyi nzu iherere ahitwa i
Mubura mu mbibi za gereza
ya Mageragere.
Iyi nzu yahurizwagamo
Abatutsi bagiye kwicwa, mu
ijonjora ryabakorerwaga
abagabo
n’abasore
bakicwa bakajugunywa mu
cyobo kwa Martini, na ho
abasaza, abana n’abagore
bakicwa baroshywe mu ruzi
rwa Nyabarongo.
Bariyeri yo kwa Munyandinda uzamuka Mubura yarindwaga na Munyaneza Augustin,
Twagiramungu Faustin, Michel mwene Turimubakiga;
Bariyeri ya Nyakabingo yayoborwaga na Kayinamura mwene Murekambanze, Charles
Nkurunziza, Venuste Musabyeyezu, Célestin Musabyimana, Gakumba, Kirimi na Bivumu
bene Birikunzira;
Bariyeri yo kuri Kiriziya yarindwaga na Hermani Kavamahanga, Habarurema mwene
Rwagahu, Alphonse Mugeri alias Ngona, Venanti Uwihanganye, Athanase Musilikare
n’umuhungu we Kibwa, Alexis Kajangwe n’abandi
Bariyeri ya Kankuba bari bise muri CND yarindwaga na Emmanuel Rucahaga, Stanislas
Gasana,
Charles
Gatete,
Raphael
Karimbanya,
Célestin
Mwitirehe,
Celestine
Nyirarudodo, Habimana Alias Rudomoro mwene Gerivazi Habimana, Emmanuel
Ruhumuriza;
Bariyeri yo kuri Kankoko yayoborwaga na Augustin Kaberuka mwene Bishiturintare,
Pascal, Nzabandora Félicien na Rurihose;
Bariyeri yo kwa Kanyeperu na Kanyabigega Evariste alias Gisambo yarindwaga na Jean
Claude Karasi, Uwizeye Alias Nsanzumuhire, Bushayija, Alexandre Gahutu wari
responsible wa Serire Kankuba, Aloys Mbaraga, Ernest Ziherambere. Uyu Gahutu
Alexandre mwene Nyandwi na Mukangira yavukiye mu kagari ka Kankuba, murenge wa
231
Butamwa mu 1966. Nyuma yo guhamwa n’igitero cyishe kwa Rudasingwa, Ncogoza,
Kansilida no kwa Habineza,kwamamaye mu bwicanyi, kujugunya Abatutsi muri
Nyabarongo ari bazima, ku irariki ya 24 Gicurasi 2009, urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa
Cyahafi rwamuhanishije gufungwa burundu y’umwihariko 396.
Bariyeri ya Rugendabari ya yoborwaga na Ignace Sengiyumva, Stanislas Sindambiwe,
Majoro, Sipiriyani Sebahutu bene Nzabarinda, Rwagakinga, Bushayija, Rutayisire mwene
Rwabukwisi;
Bariyeri ya Kankuba yayoborwaga na Jean Chrisostome Mutabaruka, Noheli
Habiyaremye, Balitazari Muzindutsi, Xaverina Bakunzibake, Nshimiyimana, Faustin
Mbyariyehe, Binagwaho;
Bariyeri yo kuri Komini ya Butamwa yarindwaga n’abapolisi ba Komini barimo Kabera
wari Burigadiye wa Komini, Murenzi mwene Kanane, Ndayisaba mwene Yohani
Nyaritwa, Agustini Karekezi na Gasigwa;
Bariyeri yo kuri ADEPR mu marembo yo kwa Berekimasi, Runaku na Stanisilas
Ruberangondo397. Iyi bariyeri yayoborwaga na Kabanda mwene Karasanyi, Nyamukera,
Ntamunoza, Kavamahanga na Ntamabyariro bene Kanyoni na Mukabasebya. Yariho
kandi Thadeyo Musengimana, Havugimana, Naramabuye, Mvuyekure na Kadihira bene
Busanane, Habiyaremye mwene Nyirabagenzi, n’abandi;
Muri Segiteri ya Kigali, Mwendo na Rwesero hashyizweho bariyeri nyinshi; izi ngenzi zikaba
zari aha hakurikira:
Bariyeri yashyizwe mu ihuriro ry’imihanda igana Mwendo-Rwesero na Butamwa
yayoborwaga ana Anania Ndizihiwe, Turatsinze na Rukumbira;
Ku Kigo cy’ishuri ribanza rya Mwendo ni ho Abatutsi benshi bo muri Mwendo bari
bahungiye bizeye kuhabona umutekano naho hari bariyeri;
Ku giti cy’inyoni, yari mu ihuriro ry’imihanda ugana ahahize ari Perefegitura ya Gitarama
na perefegitura ya Ruhengeri
396
Urukiko Gacaca rw’Ubujurire bwa Cyahafi, Nyarugenge, 2009
Ruberangondo Stanislas yabaye Burugumestri wa Komini ya Nyarugenge (1969-1975), ayobora Butamwa
igishingwa kugeza mu 1991.
397
232
Kuri Segiteri ya Mwendo, ubu hubatswe Umurenge wa Kigali hari bariyeri yabuzaga
kugenda ababaga bashaka guhungira mu rufunzo ngo bambuke bagere muri komini
Runda;
Hafi y’ikibuga cy’umupira cya Mwendo na ho hari bariyeri;
Ku Cyitabi mu Ruhango ahiciwe Abatutsi bahungaga bava i Nyamirambo cyane cyane
Kivugiza n’abari bamaze kurokoka ubwicanyi bwakorewe, ku itariki ya 13 Mata, Abatutsi
bari bahungiye mu kigo cy’umuryango w’Abafurere b’abayezuwiti ;
Ahitwaga ku Tsamatera hafi yo kwa Claver Ngiruwonsanga;
Ku Butare ahiciwe imiryango y’Abakono;
Ku musozi witwaga “Ruzirabatutsi398”;
Ku ruganda rw’amategura n’amatafari rwa Ruliba hari hashyizwe bariyeri irinzwe
n’Interahamwe zari zoherejweyo na Setiba Joseph wari umugenzuzi wa za bariyeri zose
zo muri segiteri ya Kigali. Abahiciwe bose barohwaga mu mugezi wa Nyabarongo
bikorewe ku kiraro kiri kuri Ruliba 399.
Bariyeri yari aho bita ku Kitabi kumaduka hafi y’icyuma gisya, mu ihuriro ry’imihanda ibiri ijya
ahitwa Matimba. Bariyeri yitiriwe abanyabungo ku muhanda werekeza i Muganza kuri kiriziya
ya ADEPR. Indi bariyeri yari yashyizwe ahitwa Kiruhura yategekwaga na Simba Wanyika. Yari
iri hagati ya bariyeri yari mu ihuriro ry’imihanda uva Nyabugogo na Kimisagara n’undi ufite
icyerekezo cya Segiteri ya Gatyata. Muri icyo indi bariyeri bariyeri yari yashyizwe hafi y’akabare
ka Cyubahiro yayoborwaga na Serugendo, Umulisa na Pacifique. Kuri Yanze hari bariyeri
iyobowe na Bizimungu Paul, Ntawikunda Deo, Ngarambe Isidore, Rugamba na OPJ Kubwimana
Celestin, Semiteja Lambert, Viateur n’abandi. Bariyeri ya Giticyinyoni bitaga iyo kwa Setiba
Joseph yari hagati y’ihuriro ry’imihanda ugana mu gice cy’amajyepfo n’ugana mu majyaruguru.
4.9.2. Abagize uruhare rukomeye mu kwica Abatutsi muri Komini ya Butamwa
Abagize uruhare mu kwica Abatutsi muri Komini ya Butamwa ni benshi cyane bakaba bari
biganjemo abasirikari, abapolisi, Interahamwe zari zihatuye yewe n’abandi bazaga baturutse mu
398
Umusozi wiswe “Ruzirabatutsi” kubera ko mu mvurururu zo muri 1973, na none Abatutsi barishwe abandi
barahunga. Kuri uwo musozi rero nta Mututsi wahegeraga kuko yahitaga afatwa akajugunywa muri Nyabarongo.
399
Muri segiteri Mwendo ya Komini ya Butamwa, habaruwe Abatutsi barenga 250 bishwe bakajugunywa muri
Nyabarongo.
233
bindi bice kuburyo ntibyari byoroshye kumenya abicanyi bose uko bakabaye. Gusa mu bari
bahatuye abicanyi bigaragaje cyane ni aba bakurikira:
1. Nyabugwiza Célestin Alias “Mahembe” ni we wafashe iya mbere tariki ya 7 mata
1994mu gukangurira Interahamwe zari zaragiye gutozwa gisilikare i Gabiro 400 kwica
Abatutsi. Mu gihe cya Jenoside, ni we wayoboye ibitero byose byishe Abatutsi muri
Komini ya Butamwa. Jenoside ihagarikwa n’ingabo za FPR yarahunze ntiyagaruka;
2. Nkundanyirazo Mussa yafatanije na Célestin Nyabugwiza alias Mahembe mukuyobora
ibitero byo kwica Abatutsi. Yarafashwe aburanishwa maze akatirwa igifungo cya
burundu;
3. Mwitirehe wari umuyoboke wa MRND;
4. Gasana Védaste wari umuyoboke wa CDR: yahoranaga amagambo asesereza “ngo
Umuhutu abagomba kuba afite izuru rya kwinjiramo intoki eshatu”. Jenoside ihagarikwa
n’ingabo za FPR, yarahunze ntiyagaruka;
5. Dusabemungu Isiak yarafashwe aburanishwa maze akatirwa igifungo cya burundu;
6. Niyonsenga Tito yarafashwe aburanishwa maze akatirwa igifungo cya burundu;
7. Karasira Malik, yarafashwe aburanishwa maze akatirwa nawe igifungo cya burundu;
8. Nkubito Philemoni yari afite umwihariko wo kwica abana gusa. Yarafashwe aburanishwa
maze akatirwa igifungo cya burundu;
9. Munyentwari Andereya yari azwiho kwica abana;
10. Ndemezo Jean Damascène yiciraga Abatutsi kuri bariyeri ahitwa “Ku Mugano” muri
serire Ruliba. Urugero rw’ubugome yari afite ni igihe yishe umugabo witwa Kamuzinzi
amuca umutwe maze awumanika kuri bariyeri ngo nibamara kwica Abatutsi bose bazaze
abereke uko umututsi yasaga;
11. Nyagahakwa Jean yari afite ubugome bukabije cyane. Interahamwe zimaze kwica
Abatutsi muri Komini ya Butamwa, yashishikarije Interahamwe kwica abagore n’abana
bari basigaye. Mu nama y’umutekano yateranye tariki 28 Gicurasi 1994 ku mashuri ya
Mwendo, yabwiye Interahamwe ko “n’Uwica imbeba ntababarira ihaka”. Iryo ijambo
ryatumye mu ijoro ryakurikiyeho abana n’abagore basigaye bicwa maze bajugunywa muri
Nyabarongo.
400
Gabiro ni Ikigo cya Gisilikare aho Interahamwe zahabwaga imyitozo ya gisilikare harimo kurasa no guturitsa
gerinade mu rwego rwo kubategura kwica Abatutsi mu gihe Jenoside yarimo itegurwa.
234
Urwibutso
rwa
Jenoside
yakorewe Abatutsi muri Komini
ya Butamwa.
Amashusho
n’umushakashatsi
yafashwe
4.9.3. Ibikorwa by’iyicarubozo byakorewe Abatutsi muri Komini ya Butamwa
Muri Komini ya Butamwa Kimwe n’ahandi mu Rwanda, Abatutsi benshi bicwaga u
rwagashinyaguro. Abakobwa n’abagore bafashwe ku ngufu mbere y’uko bicwa bambikwaga
ubusa mbere y’abana. Urugero muri Segiteri ya Butamwa ni Ingabire Immaculée wari utwite
ashorerwa agiye kwicwa. Ageze mu nzira afatwa n’inda maze Interahamwe zimuhitisha ku kigo
nderabuzima abyazwa n’umuformo witwa Thérèsa Dusabe. Amaze kumubyaza yahamagaye
Interahamwe zari zimutegereje zishorera uwo mubyeyi yitwaje uruhinja zimuroha muri
Nyabarongo.
Muri Segiteri ya Kigali, Andereya Munyentwari afatanije na Philemoni Nkubito bafashe umwana
witwaga Jean Paul Mugabo mwene Aloys Mudahembya bamutema akaboko barangije
barakamwikoreza agenda avirirana bajya kumujugunya mu mugezi wa Nyabarongo. Urundi
rugero ni’iyicwa rya Gérard Gateneri wari umuyobozi w’ishuri ribanza rya Butamwa.
Interahamwe zaramuhize ajya kwihisha kwa Emmanuel Rucahaga ariko bigera igihe
aramwirukana. Yavuye aho ajya kwihisha mu kigo nderabuzima cya Butamwa. Akihagera,
Thérèsa Dusabe401 yahise ahamagara Interahamwe ziramufata maze zimwambika ubusa
zimuzengurukana Butamwa yose bamwereka abaturage n’abana yigishije barangije baramwica.
401
Thereza Dusabe ni Nyina wa Ingabire Umuhoza Victoire
235
Urwibutso rwa Jenoside
yakorewe Abatutsi barenga
750 bishwe baroshywe mu
ruzi rwa Nyabarongo
ruherereye mu Kagali ka
Ruliba, Umurenge wa
Kigali.
Amashusho
yafashwe
n’umushakashatsi
Mu Murenge wa Kigali Interahamwe zo mu muryango w’abanyabungo zafashe umuryango wa
Bisamaza urimo abagore n’abana babajugunya mu cyobo cyarimo imyanda iva mu musarani
barangije barapfundikira. Twiboneye umugabo Flodouald amaze gukubitwa ntampongano
ntiyahise ashiramo umwuka; Interahamwe zirimo bariya banyabungo zagarutse kumureba
zisanga agihirita atarashiramo umwuka ziravuga ngo Abatutsi ntibapfa maze bamurasa imyambi
mu mutwe abona gushiramo umwuka. Undi niumukobwa witwa Dusabe wavukaga mu muryango
w’Abagege402 wahambwe abona nyuma abicanyi bakamwicisha ifuni. Ferederiko wo mu Bagege
na we Interahamwe zo mu banyabungo zabanje kumutema ibirenge akajya yirirwa aryamye
ataka. Nijoro imbwa zazaga kumurya mu bisebe izo nkoramaraso zari zaramusigiye. Hashize
iminsi itatu Interahamwe zaragarutse ziramuhorahoza. Undi wishwe urubozo n’uwitwa Silivani
waciwe ibice by’umubiri buhoro buhoro kugeza igihe ashiriyemo umwuka.
Marie Rose Samputu wari umukozi wa MIJEUMA; Isidore Ngarambe ni we wari umuhishe iwe
ariko aca ruhinga nyuma atumaho Interahamwe. Zabanje kumufata ku ngufu zijya kumwicira mu
ishyamba zirangije zimujomba ibiti mu nda ibyara.
402
Abagege n’umuryango mugari w’Abatutsi bari barafashe iryo zina.
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4.10. Abakozi ba Komini ya Nyarugenge na Komini na Butamwa bazize Jenoside
Amakuru ku bahoze ari abakozi ba Komini ya Nyarugenge na Butamwa bazize Jenoside
yakorewe Abatutsi yabonetse hifashishijwe amakuru y’ibanze twahawe na’Akarere ka
Nyarugenge. Mu rwego rwo kurunoza, twagiranye ibiganiro mu matsinda n’abahoze ari abakozi
ba Komini ya Nyarugenge ndetse n’abavandimwe babo badufasha kuzuza amakuru ajyanye
n’imirimo bakoraga. Mu bushakashatsi, amakuru yose kuri bamwe muri abo bakozi ntiyabashije
kuboneka yaba ari mu bubikoshakiro bw’Akarere ka Nyarugenge mu bijyanye n’abakozi
cyangwa se mu gushakisha abavandimwe babo n’ababakomokaho.
Abari abakozi ba Komini ya Nyarugenge na bazize Jenoside bazwi kugeza ubu ni cumi na
barindwi (17). Batanu (5) gusa nibo twoboneye amakuru y’uburyo bishwe tuyabwiwe
n’abavandimwe babo cyangwa abo bakoranaga. Amakuru y’abandi ntiyabashije kuboneka bitewe
nuko mu gihe cy’ikusanyamakuru ababakomokaho cyangwa abavandimwe babo batabashije
kuboneka. Abakoranaga nabo ntibamenya uko bishwe cyangwa kandi ntabwo bazi
ababakomokaho baba bararokotse.
4.10.1. Rugumire Jean Bosco
Rugumire Jean Bosco ni mwene Rugumire Tharcisse na Nduwamungu Spéciose. Yavukiye
Kimisagara mu Komini ya Nyarugenge muri 1964. Yize amashuri yisumbuye muri seminar into
y’I Zaza aho yarangije muri 1985. Rugumire Jean Bosco yatangiye akazi muri Komini ya
Nyarugenge muri 1986 ashinzwe urubyiruko na siporo403. Nyinawabagara Claire yatubwiye ko
Rugumire Jean Bosco yari umuntu usabana n’abantu bose kandi wintangira akazi.
Amakuru twahawe na Nyinawabagara Claire, yatubwiye ko Rugumire Jean Bosco hamwe na
bagenzi be bakoranaga batigeze bagira amahoro. Burugumesitiri Karera yabahozaga ku nkeke
abita inzoka, inyenzi n’ibindi bitutsi. Umuryango wabo wari ku isonga w’abashakishwaga
baregwa ko bakorana n’inyenzi. Ku bijyanye n’urupfu rwa Rugumire Jean Bosco,
Nyinawabagara yatubwiye ko Rugumire yari asanzwe yiga amategeko i Bukavu mu yahoze ari
Zayire. Tariki 6 Mata 1994 yambutse avuye i Bikavu arara ku Kibuye. Mu gitondo cya kare cyo
403
Ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Nyinawabagara Claire, Mushiki wa Rugumire Jean Bosco, Remera tariki 12 Ukuboza
2018.
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ku itariki 07 Mata 1994, Rugumire yamahagaye mushikiwe Nyinawabagara ko yaraye ku Kibuye
akaba yabuze uko akomeza agana i Kigali cyangwa asubire i Bukavu. Nyinawagara Claire
yamubajije impamvu, Rugumire ambwira ko aho yaraye ku Kibuye batangiye kwica Abatutsi
kubera ko Habyarina Juvénal yapfuye impamvu. Nyinawabagara yatubwiye ko aho yaraye ni bo
baje kubamenyesha ko Rugumire Jean Bosco yishwe n’Interahamwe.
Rugumire Jean Bosco wari ukiri ingaragu, yishwe n’ababyeyi be, mu muryango we harokoka
Kimenyi Jean Pierre, Nyinawabagara Claire na Umuhoza Régine. Mu buhamya Nyinawabagara
Claire yaduhaye, yatubwiye ko mu gitondo cyo kuwa 7 Mata 1994, akimara kumenya iby’urupfu
rwa Habyarimana, yarabyutse n’umugabo we bageze hanze bahasanga abahungu babiri bari
bacumbitse babana mu gipangu kimwe. Bakimara kuganira ku by’umutekano muke bari bafite
kubera amasasu yavugaga hirya no hino ku Muhima aho bari batuye, ntihashize akanya haza
igitero mu rugo rwabo, bica abo bahungu babiri, umugabo we abasha kwihisha ku ibaraza iyo
yari ifite hejuru. Icyo gihe Nyiwabagara yibaza ko yarokotse kubera ko Interahamwe
n’abasirikari bari bataribasira abagore n’abana. Muri icyo gitondo bahise bahungira kuri ADEPR
Muhima. Tariki 08 Mata 1994 haje igitero kiyobowe n’umupolisi witwagwa Bisangwa hicwa
abatuntu 40 biganjemo abagabo gusa. Nyiwabagara, umugabo we n’abana babo bigiriye inama
yo gusubira murugo rwabo rwari inyuma y’urusengero rwa ADEPR basubiranayo n’abandi
bakobwa munani. Tariki 11 Mata 1994 ni ho haje igitero cy’Interahamwe zica umugabo we
zimurashe amasasu yo mu mutwe.
4.10.2. Mukampabuka Marie Goretti
Mukampabuka Marie Goretti ni mwene Birekeraho Evariste na Nyirabyago Christiane wavutse
muri 1956. Mukampabuka yashakanye na Mugemana Constatin babyarana abana batanu aribo:
Mugemana Jean Pierre, Mugemana Uwimana Jeanne, Mugemana Jean Paul, Mugemana Uwase
Teddy na Karame Emmanuel. Mukampabuka Marie Goretti yakoze muri Komini Nyarugenege
ashinzwe irangamimerere, akaba yari umukozi w’intangarugero wakiraga neza abaturage
bamugana no gutegura ibya ngombwa babaga bakeneye.
Mu gihe cya Jenoside nk’abandi batutsi, ntibyaboroheye na gato kuko we n’umugabo we n’abana
babo barishwe harokoka Mugemana Uwase Teddy ari na we watanze ubuhamya bw’urupfu
umuryango we wishwe. Umuryango wa Mukampabuka Marie Goretti wari utuye i Nyakabanda,
238
icyo gihe Mugemana Uwase Teddy yari afite imyaka cumi n’ibiri. Wari umuryango usenga cyane
kandi ubana n’abantu bose neza kandi mu mahoro. Jenoside itangira tariki 7 mata 1994, hari liste
yari yarateguwe y’Abatutsi bogomba kwicwa muri Nyakabanda. Interahmwe yitwa
Munyagisenyi Joseph bari baturanye urugo ku rundi, yategetse Interahamwe yayoboraga kwica
Mugemana n’umuryango we. Interahamwe ntizahise z’umvira ibyo Munyagisenyi ategetse kuko
umuryango wa Mugemana wari uzwiho gusenga no kubana neza muri Nyakabanda.
Munyagisenyi Joseph ntiyanyuzwe kubera ko yahise ajya kwiyambaza Interahamwe zituruka
Kimisagara na Gitega. Munyagisenyi yazindukiye murugo kwa Mugemana, ahageze amubwira
ko aje kumuburira kuko bamubwiye ko Interahamwe ziza kumwica, bity akaba amugira inama yo
kwifungirana mu nzu we n’umuryango we wose kandi ntihakagire uwo akingurira. Mugemana
yasanze ahubwo ari umugambi wo kugirango ni baterwa bicirwe hamwe, maze bigira inama yo
gutatana. Mugemana n’imfura ye Jean Pierre bihishe muri toilette y’abantu bakodeshaga mu
mazu ya Munyagisenyi Joseph. Umugore we n’abandi bana bajya kwihisha mu baturanyi munsi
y’urugo rwabo. Munyagisenyi yahise amenya aho bihishe ajya kubavana mu bwihisho, n’aho
umugore wa Mugemana yagiye kwihisha hamwe n’abana nabo barabasohora basubira mu rugo
rwabo burira buracya. Byageze igihe ibyo kurya birangira biba ngombwa ko Mukampabuka ajya
guhaha ku isoko. Yajyanye n’umukozi wo mu rugo, mu nzira ahura n’umupolisi wakoraga ku
isoko amuburira ko ku isoko hari bariyeri ikaze bashobora kumwica. Undi kubera gushaka
ifunguro yagaburira abana yiyemeje gukomeza uwo mu polisi aramuherekeza guhaha ndetse ara
namuherekeza mu gutaha amugeza iwe mu rugo.
Mu ntangiriro z’ukwezi kwa Gicurasi 1994 Mugemana yigiriye inama yo guhunga bagana i
Kamembe kugira ngo bahungire i Bukavu. Basohotse mu nzu bageze ku irembo bahura na
Protazi404 wahise anyaruka ajya kubwira Munyagisenyi ko Mugemana ahunze. Muri urwo
rugendo, ku muryango wa Mugemana wari wiyongereyeho Nzamukosha Anastaziya (Nyirasenge
wa Mama we) n’abuzukuru be batanu ari bo: Adelaide, Alain, Xandra, Rosine na Jean de Dieu.
Yatubwiye ko kuva Kigali kugeza Gitarama bahagenze n’amaguru, urugendo rwose kugera i
Kamembe rukaba rwarabatwaye ibyumweru bibiri kubera ko kuri buri bariyeri basigaranaga
Mugemana, Mukampabuka na Nzamukosha.
404
Protazi nawe yari Interahamwe yakoranaga na Munyagisenyi Joseph
239
Bageze i Kamembe bakiriwe mu rugo kwa Tindo aho bamaze igihe cy’isaha haza Interahamwe
zibaza Mugemana Jean Pierre uwo ari we. Mugemana yahise yiyerekana maze baramutwara.
Murumuna wa Tindo yahise ahagera bamubwira ko Mugemana Jean Pierre bamaze kumujyana,
hanyuma ajya gutanga amafaranga aramugarura. Byageze ku mugoroba babagira inama yo
guhungira mu kibuga cy’umupira cya Kamembe kugira ngo baticirwa mu rugo kwa Tindo.
Bitewe n’uko guhungira mu kibuga cy’umupira cya Kamembe byasaba uburenganzira bwanditse
butangwa n’ubuyobozi bwa Komini, bafashe taxi bajya kuri Komini bahasanga abasirikari
barindaga Habyarimana, bahagarika imodoka, maze umwe muri abo basirikare asohora
urupapuro abaza ngo Mukampabuka na Mugemana ni bande, maze na bo bariyereka, ariko
babagumisha mu modoka kugeza saa moya. Hahise haza abandi basirikare basohora Mugemana,
Mukampabuka, Jean Pierre (umwana wabo w’imfura) na Nzamukosha (Nyirasenge wa
Mukampabuka) babatwara mu modoka ya gisirikare babicira ahitwa mu “Gatandara”.
Bamaze kubica baragarutse basohora abana basigaye muri taxi babinjiza muri iyo modoka ya
gisirikare nabo babajyana mu Gatandara. Bahageze babanje gusohora umukozi wabo wo mu rugo
witwa Munyakazi baramwica405. Interahamwe zifatanije n’abo basirikare basohoye Sandra na
Emmanuel batangira kubakubita impiri. Sandra yaratatse ngo “Ntituzongera”, Interahamwe
ziramusubiza ngo: “Umva uko babaye, baba babizi ko ari abanyabyaha!”. Adelaide babanje
kumubwira ngo yemere ababere umugore kugira ngo batamwica, yarabyanze abasubiza ngo
“Munyice kuko n’abavandimwe banjye bose mwabishe”. Interahamwe yamwatse gasaza ke kari
kakiri gato, agafata akamanitse amaguru umutwe ureba hasi, ahondagura umutwe muri
kaburimbo, barangije Adelaide nawe bamukubita ubuhiri mu mutwe nawe arapfa. Rosine na Jean
de Dieu barekuwe ari uko Rosine avuze ko yahuye n’umuryango wa Mugemana mu gihuru naho
Jean de Dieu avuga ko we ari umukozi wabo. Umuryango wose wa Mugemana n’abo
bahunganye kuva i Kigali wahise wicirwa aho. Mugemana Uwase Teddy ni we wenyine
warokotse mu muryango wa Mugemana na Mukampabuka. Yakubiswe ubuhiri mu mutwe bibaza
ko yapfuye, yongeye kugarura ubwenge aryamye ku gitanda mu ivuriro ry’ababikira ryitiriwe
Mutagatifu Francisco i Kamembe atigeze amenye uko yahagejejwe.
405
Munyakazi yari umukozi wa Mugemana wakoraga imirimo yo mu rugo. Yari yaranze gutandukana n’umuryango
wa Mugemana kubera ko wari waramubereye ababyeyi, ababwira ko aho bazapfira azapfana na bo.
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Uwase Teddy amaze koroherwa yamenye ko Rosine na Jean de Dieu barokotse asohoka mu
bitaro abasanga mu rugo aho bahungiye baragumana. Papa wa Sandra Kandekwe Emmanuel yaje
kumenya ko barokotse ajya Kamembe gutahana abana i Kigali, Uwase arerwa na nyirakuru
ubyara nyina ari we Nyirabyago Christiana. Mugema Uwase Teddy amaze gukura yaje gusubira
Kamembe ngo amenye neza urupfu bapfuye na ho bajugunywe ngo abashyingure mu cyubahiro.
Ubwa mbere abanyururu bamubwiye ko ababyeyi pe babajugunye mu kiyaga cya kivu.
Yaratashye ariko atanyuzwe yongera kwigira inama yo gusubirayo kugira ngo yongere abaririze
amenye neza uko ubuzima bw’ababyeyi be n’abavandimwe be bwarangiye. Yagiye mu igereza
ya Rusizi bamuhuza n’Interahamwe zishe ababyeyi be. Bamuhamirije ko ari zo zishe umuryango
we urw’agashinyaguro babaca ingingo z’umubiri. Bamubwiye ko mama we bamukase inyama
barazotsa maze barazirya. Yashatse kumenya aho babajugunye bamubwira ko batahazi, ariko
bamurangira undi mugabo wakoraga icyo gihe mu muryango utabara imbabare “Croix Rouge” ko
ari we wabavanye aho mu muhanda kandi ko ari we wajyanye Mugemana Uwase Teddy kwa
muganga ariko akaba yari akiri mu buhungiro.
Mugemana Uwase Teddy yaje gusubirayo muri 2008 abwiwe ko uwo mugabo yatashye ariko
akaba yarafunzwe ashinjwa kuba mu gihe cya Jenoside yatoraguraga imirambo y’Abatutsi
agashyingura Abatutsi bakiri bazima akajugunya abandi mu kiyaga cya Kivu. Yaganiriye n’uwo
mugabo, abanza kumushimira anamusaba kumubwira aho umuryango wiciwe ahitwa mu
Gatandara bajugunywe. Yamubwiye ko yabashyinguye mu cyobo rusange aho mu Gatandara.
Uwase yamusabye gereza barahajyana, bahageze abahaturiye bamubwira ko aho hantu
hataburuwe imibiri y’Abatutsi bakaba batazi aho yagiye gushyingurwa.
Mugemana Uwase Teddy yemeza ko Munyagisenyi Joseph ari we wagize uruhare mu rupfu rwa
Mugemana na Mukampabuka n’umuryango we kuko muri urwo rugendo rw’umuryango wa
Mugemana bava Kigali bajya Gitarama n’amaguru, Munyagisenyi Joseph yarabakurikiye
abasanga mu Nkoto ndetse bageze i Gitarama na none barahamusanga. Umunsi Mugemana,
Mukampabuka, Jean Pierre (umuhungu wabo w’impfura) na Nzamukosha bicwa i Kamembe,
Munyagisenyi Joesph yizihije uwo munsi, arabyigamba mu baturanyi aho yari atuye i
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Nyakabanda406. Ubu Mugemana Uwase Teddy ni we wenyine warokotse mu muryango wa
Mugemana na Mukampabuka wari umukozi wa Komini ya Nyarugenge. Yarize arangiza
kaminuza, arubatse kandi afite abana babiri kandi akaba afite icyizere cyo kubaho.
4.10.3. Rutikanga Alexandre
Rutikanga Alexandre ni mwene Gashumba Charles na Mujawikigali Thérèse. Yavutse muri 1959
mu yahoze ari Serire Nyarurama ya Komini Shyorongi. Yize amashuri abanza akomereza mu
mashuri y’imyuga. Rutikanga yashakanye na Mukandahiro Domitilla babyarana abana bane bose
bakaba barishwe muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri mata 1994. Mu gihe cya Jenoside
Rutikanga Alexandre yari resiponsable wa serire Nyarurama 407.
Ubuhamya twahawe na Mukandahiro Domitilla, yatubwiye ko nubwo bari babayeho mu buzima
bw’ivanguramoko barai baramenyereye, Rutikanga Alexandre yatangiye kugira ibibazo ku
mwaduko w’amashyaka menshi yatangiye muri 1991408. Yaduhaye ingero aho mu mpera za
1993, interahmwe zagiye kwamamaza MRND ku kabaya mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Gisenyi.
Mu gutaha, interahmwe yarataye ingofero ya MRND, Domitilla arayitoragura. Umunsi
ukurikiyeho hakozwe umukwabu, barimo gusaka munzu yabo, abasirikari barabaza niba
babarizwa mu rihe shyaka, Domitilla asubiza ko ari umwambari wa MRND, bamusabye
ikimenyetso yerekana ya ngofero ya MRND yatoraguye, bituma umugabo we adafungwa.
Umwuka wa politiki ukomeje kumera nabi, murumuna wa Rutikanga Alexandre yiyemeje
gusanga Inkotanyi kurugamba rwo kubohoza igihugu. Aho Interahamwe zibimenyeye,
umuryango wa Rutikanga ntiwongeye kugira amahoro na gato, kuva ubwo ntibongeye kurara mu
nzu.
Muri werurwe 1994 ku matariki atibuka neza, resiponsable wungirije wa Serire Nyarurama,
Butera Augustin yakoresheje inama yo gusimbura Rutikanga Alexandre aba ari nawe
umusimbura kuri uwo mwanya. Mu mpera za werurwe 1994, bwarakeye basanga ingo z’Abatutsi
406
Ubuhamya twahawe na Mugemana Uwase Teddy, umukobwa wa Mukampabuka Mari Goretti, Nyarugenge kuya
12 ukuboza 2018.
407
Mbere ya Jenoside, Serire Nyarurama yabarizwaga muri Komini ya Shyorongi. Mu ivugururwa ry’imiterere ya
Repubulika y’U Rwanda yakozwe, guhera 2006, Serire Nyarurama ibarizwa mu Murenge wa Kanyinya, Kanyinya
ikaba ari umwe mu Mirenge igize Akarere ka Nyarugenge.
408
Ikiganiro na Mukandahiro Domitilla, umugore wa Rutikanga Alexandre, Nyarugenge kuya 22 ukuboza 2018.
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bari baturanye zikikijwe n’amahema y’abasirikari bitwaga “Bataillon Gitarama”. Bitewe nuko
abo basirikare batigeze babahutaza batangiwe raporo ku wari ukuriye ingabo muri Komini
Shyorongi ko basabanye n’Abatutsi aho bakambitse. Nyuma y’iyo raporo bahise basimburwa
n’abandi basirikari bitwaga “Bataillon Zulu” bakomoka Ruhengeri. Mu gitondo bwarakeye
Domitilla asuhuza abo basirikari atazi ko basimbuwe, aho kumwikiriza, amusubiza ati: “Wapfa
inzoka irakuriye !”.Muri ako kanya yabonye murumuna w’umugabo we Hitimana nawe wazize
Jenoside akaba yari atuye munsi y’urugo rwabo yiruka kubera iterabwoba yatewe n’umusirikare
wari mu ihema imbere y’urugo rwabo. Barazamukanye mu rugo kwa Gashumba Charles ari na
we se wa Rutikanga bamubwira amagambo babwiwe, nawe abasobanurira ko “Inzoka ari bo
babwirwaga”. Kuva ubwo nta mibanire myiza bongeye kugirana n’abo basirikare kugeza ubwo
Jenoside itangiriye.
Abasirikari bafatanije n’abaturanyi n’Interahamwe batangiye kwica imiryango y’Abatutsi muri
serire Nyarurama tariki 13 mata 1994 baraswa cyangwa bicishwa imihihoro nizindi ntwaro
gakondo. Kuri iyo tariki, resiponsable wa Serire Nyarurama Butera Augustin afatanije na
perezida wa CDR, perezida wa MRND muri serire Nyarurama n’umusaza Nshaka Joseph wiyise
“Inararibonye”bakoresheje inama yihuse basaba urubyiruko kwica Abatutsi bose muri serire
kugeza ku bana bato. Basoza inama, batwaye urwo rubyiruko mu rugo rwa Gakwaya Paul nawe
wazize Jenoside kubereka icyobo yari yaracukuye umwobo wagombaga kubakwamo ubwiherero,
Butera Augustin n’abo yari afatanije bereka urwo rubyiruko ko ariho Inkotanyi zizataba Abahutu.
Bahise basaba urwo rubyiruko gutanguranwa bakica Abatutsi akaba ari ho babataba.
Kuri iyo tariki, muri Serire Nyarurama abasirikari bafatanije n’Interahamwe zahise zica Nkaka
Apolinaire, Rwagasore, Sugira Josetta, Byukusenge Jean Baptiste, Umubyeyi Beaytrice n’undi
mwana w’umuturanyi uwaduhaye ubuhamya atibutse amazina, bose bajugunywa muri uwo
mwobo. Bakomereje mu zindi ngo barica Abatutsi barundanya intumbi basanga habuzemo
intumbi ya Rutikanga Alexandre na Mukandahiro Alexandre. Butera Augustin yahise akoresha
inama y’abaturage bose muri serire igamije gushakisha. Muri iyo nama bahise bafata icyemezo
cyo kubahiga amanywa n’ijoro kandi bihanangiriza abaturage ko uwazamenyekana ko ariwe
wahishe Rutinga n’umugore we nawe ntakabuza azafatwa nk’umugambanyi nawe akaba agomba
kwicwa. Nyuma y’iyo nama habaye gusaka inzu ku yindi, uwo munsi Theophila, mushiki wa
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Rutinga yafatiwe mu rugo rwa kwa Rusigarira baramwica ajugunywa mu mwobo w’ubwiherero.
Mu gihe Rutikanga n’umugore we bari barihishe mu rugo rw’umukecuru witwa Mukabirege, haje
kuza umukobwa we yumvisha nyina ko nta mpamvu yo guhisha Umututsi kubera guhisha rya
tegeko ryatanzwe na Butera Augistin afatanije na perezida wa MDR na CDR muri serire. Bahise
basohora Rutinga n’umugore we, bageze hanze bahurirana n’igitero gihitana Rutikanga, umugore
we arabacika. Bakimara kwica Rutikanga, Butare n’Interahamwe bahise bigamba ko tariki ya 1
Kamena 1994 bazakora umunsi mukuru wo kwizihiza ko Abatutsi bose bishwe muri Serire
Nyarurama kandi abana bazajya babaza uko umututsi yasaga 409.
Domitila yatubwiye ko nyuma y’urupfu rw’umugabo we Rutikanga nibwo yagize ibyago
bikomeye. Bahise basaba amaserire atatu ariyo Nyarurama, Taba na Kaganamira guhiga
Domitilla kugeza abonetse. Karinda Damascene yaje guhiga Domitilla kuko bakekaga ko yaba
akihishe nu rugo kwa Mukabirege, akigera mu masaka munsi y’urugo, imbwa ya Damascene
yaciye umunyururu, umugore we arataka ko Inkotanyi zimwishe. Damascène yahise asubira
inyuma, Domitilla ararusimbuka. Mu mpera za Kamena 1994 bahunze bava muri Nyarurama
baungira mu zindi serire za Komini Shyorongi. Umuhungu wa Mukabirege yabwiye Domitilla
guhunga aranga, ahubwo yigira inama yo kuva mu masaka munsi yo kwa Mukabirege aho
yararaga ajya kwihisha mu rugo kwa Kamboga ahasanga akandi kana k’agatutsi na ko bahasize.
Umuhungu wa Kambogo yaragarutse ahasanga Domitilla arikanga, aramubwira ati murumuna
wanjye arahagusanga akwice. Cyakora yakomeje kubahisha kugeza tariki 4 nyakanga 1994
intambara irangiye Inkotanyi ziramurokora we n’ako kana zibajyana muri “Village Urugwiro”.
Domitilla yatubwiye ko Interahamwe Nshaka Joseph “Inararibonye”, Gabriel (Perezida wa
MRND, Butera Célestin (resiponsable wa serire mu gihe cya Jenoside), Birinda Jean Damascène
wabaye burugumesitiri wa Komini Shyorongi nyuma ya Jenoside, Kamri Celestin, Bunani,
Twagirayezu na Rusigarira aribo bagize uruhare mu kwica no kwicisha Abatutsi muri muri Serire
Nyarurama. Abenshi muribo ntibigesze bafatwa ngo baburanee ubwicanyi bakoze, n’abafashwe
baburanishijwe n’inkiko Gacaca bararekurwa.
409
Aya magambo yumviswe na Mukandahiro aho yari yihishe munsi y’akayira aho umugabo we yiciwe bagisohoka
mu rugo kwa Mukabirege.
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4.10.4. Twagirayezu Laurent
Twagirayezu Laurent yari Umuhutu anayobora Komini ya Butamwa akaba yaratorewe uwo
mwanya binyuze mu mashyaka, we akaba yari umuyoboke wa MDR. Bitewe n’uko twagirayezu
atari ashyigikiye ubwicanyi, yafashwe nk’inzitizi mu maso y’ubutegetsi bwari bugamije kwica
imbaga y’Abatutsi.
Bimaze kumenyekana ko Twagirayezu arimo kurwana ku Batutsi kugira ngo baticwa, Intehamwe
yitwa Setiba ifatanije na Nyabugwiza célestin alias “Mahembe” batabaje mu Kigo cya Gisirikare
cya Kigali maze haza abasirikari bica Abatutsi barenga ijana bari basigaye muri Serire Burema.
Bakimara kubica, Setiba na Nyabugwiza Célestin alias “Mahembe” bafashe Twagirayezu Laurent
bamwambura umupolisi Rutagonya wamurindaga babifashijwemo n’abasirikari bamuvana I
Butamwa bamujyana i Mwendo aba ari na ho bamwicira.
4.10.5. Munana Théoneste
Munana Théoneste ni mwene Ngangari Simoni na Concessa. Yavukiye Rwesero muri Komini ya
Butamwa (Kigali Ngali) muri 1966. Yize amashuri abanza i Mwendo arangiriza amashuri
y’isumbuye i Save. Akirangiza amashuri yisumbuye yahise aba umuyobozi w’ungirije wa
Komini ya Butamwa (Assistant Bourgumestre). Nyuma y’imvururu mu baturage zakuruwe
n’umwaduko w’amashyaka muri 1991, Ruberangondo Stanislas yabangamiye cyane Munana
Théoneste bigera aho avanwa kuri uwo mwanya agirwa umukangurambaga w’urubyiruko. Mu
matora y’inzego z’ibanze yakozwe muri 1992, yiyamamarije umwanya w’umuyobozi wungirije
wa Komini aranawutorerwa binyuze mu ishyaka ryo kwishyira ukizana (PL410).
Guhera muri 1993, abitwa Murigo Oswald, Muhawenimana Anthère ni bo bari barihaye gutoteza
Abatutsi bakababuza amahoro ntihagire inkurikizi cyangwa se ngo bahanwe. Byumwihariko,
kuba Munana Théoneste yari Umututsi akanatorerwa uwo mwanya byatumye mu minsi
ibanziriza urupfu rwe Ruberangondo Stanislas wayoboraga Komini ya Butamwa amutoteza
cyane. Jenoside itangira Munana Théoneste yaraye i Nyamirambo mu rugo kwa Mupira mu
Rugarama aho yiciwe n’umuryango wa Mupira.
410
PL: Parti Libéral
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4.10.6. Binego Djuma
Binego Djuma ni mwene Segafiri Asumani na Kamagaju Zaina wavukiye muri Komini ya
Nyarugenge. Yize amashuri amashuri abanza mu Kigo cy’amashuri abanza cy’Intwari. Muri
1975 yashakanye na Kagitare Asiya babyarana umwana umwe Uwantege Farida. Binego Djuma
yari Resiponsable wa Serire Rwampara. Ubuhamya twahawe n’umugorewe we Kagitare Asiya ni
uko kuva intambara y’Inkotanyi itangira tariki ya 1 Ukwakira 1994, Binego Djuma atigeze agira
amahoro kubera ko yari Umututsi, ntabe umuyoboke wa MRND kandi ntakore ibyo
bamwifuzagaho birimo gutoteza Abatutsi. Igihe cyose habaga imyigaragambyo, interahmwe zo
muri Rwampara zaruhukiraga iwe bamutongera amagambo ko amaherezo azicwa.
Umutekano mucye wakomeje wakomeje kwibasira Abatutsi muri Serire Biryogo yayoborwaga
na Ibrahimu, Rugunga yayoborwaga na Ugeziwe. Mu mpera z’ukwezi kwa Gashyantare igihe
Interahamwe Ingabire Alphonse Katumba yicwaga n’abagizi ba nabi mu ijoro ryo ku itariki 30
werurwe 1994. Kimwe no mubindi bice by’Umujyi wa Kigali, icyo gihe na bwo interehamwe
zibasiye Abatutsi zirica no gusahura ingo z’Abatutsi. Muri Serire Biryo hishwe Maurice aciwe
umutwe nk’ikimenyetso cy’ubugome Interahamwe zari zifite.
Uhereye ubwo,abayobozi bose ba Serire Rugunga, Biryogo na Gatare bahawe impunda usibye
Binego Djuma wayoboraga Serire Rwampara. Kagitare Asiya yatubwiye ko Karekezi Amri wari
umuyobozi wa Segiteri ya Biryogo ari we wagize uruhare mu iyicwa rya Binego Djuma
abifatanijemo n’Interahamwe yitwa Hamisi Mastilo. Asiya yatubwiye ko tariki 7 Mata 1994
ubwo bamenyga inkuru y’urupfu rwa Habyarimana Juvnal no kubera umutekano muke bari
bamaranye iminsi bahisemo kuva mu rugo rwabo bajya kwihisha mu ngo z’abaturanyi. Hamisi
Mastilo yahereye ubwo ahiga Binego Djuma n’umuryango we. Binego yahisemo kwitandukanya
n’umuryango we ajya kwihisha mu wundi muryango i Nyakabanda ariko ntibyatinze Hamisi
Mastilo amenya aho yihishe aragenda amuvanayo. Uwari uhishe Binego Djuma yatanze
amafaranga ibihumbi mirongo itanu kugira ngo aramire ubuzima bwe, Hamisi Mastilo arayakira
ariko ntiyamurekura kugira ngo Binego ajye kwereka aho Kagitare Asiya yihishe. Binego yanze
kwerekana aho umugore we yihishe maze bamujyana mu Biryogo Hamisi Mastilo ajya kubwira
Karekezi Amri ko Binego Djuma yabonetse. Guhera ubwo Karekezi Amri yahise atanga
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amabwiriza yo kwica Binego Djuma. Kagitare yakomeje kwihisha mu mwobo kugeza intambara
irangiye arokoka we n’umukobwa we.
4.10.7. Serubibi Florent
Serubibi yabanje kwigisha mu kigo cy’amashuri abanza cya Mwendo, nyuma aza kwimurirwa
mu ishuri ribanza rya Butamwa. Nyuma y’igihe gito, yaje kugira umukangurambaga
w’urubyiruko wa Komini ya Butamwa. Bivugwa ko umuryango wa Thérèsa Dusabe ari wo
wagize uruhare mu kumwicisha.
4.11. Abantu bagize uruhare mu kurengera ubuzima no kurokora Abatutsi bicwaga muri
Komini ya Nyarugenge na Komini ya Butamwa
Muri Komini ya Nyarugenge na Komini ya Butamwa bamwe mu baturage bagize urahare mu
kwica abari inshuti cyangwa abaturanyi babo. Abasirikari bafatanije n’Interahamwe bishe
Abatutsi mu maso y’ubuyobozi, habura ubutwari bwo kurengera ubuzima bw’abicwaga. Muri
Komini ya Butamwa abantu batatu gusa muri Komini yose ni bo bagize ubutwari bwo guhisha
Abatutsi bicwaga mu rwego rwo kurengera ubuzima bwabo. Abo ni aba bakurikira:
4.11.1. Twagirayezu Laurent
Twagirayezu Laurent yari Burugumesitiri watorewe kuyobora Komini ya Butamwa binyuze mu
mashyaka kuko yari umuyoboke wa MDR. Bitewe n’uko twagirayezu atari ashyigikiye
ubwicanyi, yafashwe nk’inzitizi mu maso y’ubutegetsi bwari bugamije kwica imbaga y’Abatutsi.
Mu butwari yagize, n’uko yakumiriye ibitero byinshi byari bigamije kwica Abatutsi muri Komini
ya Butamwa. Imiryango y’Abatutsi yo mu maserire Mwendo, Rwesero na Burema Jenoside
itangita yahise ihungira ku cyicaro cya Komini. Twagirayezu Laurent abonye umutekano wabo
ugaramiwe yasabye umupolisi wa Komini witwa Rutagonya Jean Népomuscène kwambutsa
Nyabarongo Abatutsi barenga ijana bari bahahungiye bagahungira muri Kanzenze. Imiryango
ikomoka muri Serire Burema yarabahumurije abasaba gusubira mu ngo zabo abizeza kubarindira
umutekano kuko na we ariho yakomokaga. Icyo gikorwa cy’ubutwari cyatumye afatwa n’inzego
za gisirikare nk’inzitizi yo gukomeza Jenoside muri Komini ya Butamwa maze na we baramwica.
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4.11.2. Musenyeri Célestin Hakizimana
Musenyeri Hakizimana yavukiye mu Murenge wa Jali mu Karere ka Gasabo kuwa 14 Kanama
1963. Yahawe ubupadiri kuwa 21 Nyakanga 1991, agirwa Padiri wungirije muri Paruwasi ya
Rutongo, nyuma y’umwaka umwe yashinzwe amashuri Gatolika muri Arikidiyosezi ya Kigali
aho yari anashinzwe Ikigo cya Mutagatifu Pawulo cyari kirimo impunzi muri Jenoside kugeza
mu 1996 ubu akaba ari umushumba wa Diyosezi ya Gikongoro.
Musenyeri CélestinHakizimana yabaye urugero rwiza mubihaye Imana n’ubwo hari n’ababaye
indashyikirwa mubihaye Imana mu gutanga urugero rubi. Mu gihe cya Jenoside, abahungiraga
muri Saint Paul afite ubushake bwo kurengera ubuzima bw’abahigwaga kuko yari azi neza ko ari
inzirakarengane kandi icyo bakwiye gusa ari ukurindwa. Muri icyo gihe yakundaga kubuza
abarindaga Kiriziya kudakingurira Interahamwe n’abasirikare ngo binjire muri Kiriziya no mu
zindi nyubako za paruwasi kuko yari azi neza ko hari Abatutsi benshi bahihishe, inshingano
ikomeye kuko zari zizi ko hari Abatutsi bahihishe.
Mu gitero cya mbere cyahagabwe tariki 22 Mata, Interahamwe zahatwaye Abatutsi barindwi mu
bari bahahungiye, Padiri Hakizimana aratakamba ariko biba iby’ubusa. Mu buhamya
Mukabyagaju Marie Grace yahaye ikinyamakuru Igihe.com yagize ati “Padiri Célestin
Hakizimana wari uduhishe yatwitagaho amanywa n’ijoro yaratakambye, agerageza kwitambika
ngo arebe ko abo bantu batabatwara ariko biba iby’ubusa, ba bantu barabamwambuye.” Padiri
yakoreshaga uburyo butandukanye bwo kurwana ku bari bamuhungiyeho. Urugero, ni igihe yari
amaze kubona ko Interahamwe zizana amalisiti zigahamagara abantu bakitaba zikabatwara,
yagize umugambi wo kubarura abantu ku mazina atari ayabo kugirango Interahamwe nizizajya
ziza zijye zireba ku malisiti yakozwe na Padiri bityo basubireyo ntawe bajyanye.
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Musenyeri Célestin Hakizimana,
umwe mu abihayimana bagize
ubutwari bwo kurengera Abatutsi
bahigwaga
muri
Jenoside
arengera ubuzima bwabo.
Mukabyagaju Marie Grace yakomeje agira ati “Padiri yakoze uko ashoboye kose abahungiye
muri Saint Paul babone icyo karya. Uretse kubagaburira, Padiri Hakizimana yajyaga anaha
Interahamwe amafaranga cyangwa ibiribwa ngo zitagira uwo zitwara. Ibyo byose byarengeraga
Abatutsi bari barahungiye muri Saint Paul.” N’ubwo yahoraga ku nkeke y’abicanyi atazi uko
bizagenda, yakomeje kwihangana ntiyatandukana n’intama yari yaragijwe n’Imana kugeza kuya
16 Kamena Inkotanyi zibohoza Abatutsi barenga 2000 bari barahungiye muri Saint Paul.
4.11.3. Damas Mutezintare bita “Gisimba”
Damas Mutezintare bita Gisimba, umugabo wagize ubutwari bwo kurokora Abatutsi bari
mukaga, yavukiye mu gihugu cya Congo/Zaire mu 1961. Iwabo ni i Ngoma ahahoze ari muri
Perefegitura ya Butare. Ubu ni komini Huye. Damas Mutezintare yageze i Kigali mun1979.
Umubyeyi we yitwaga Gisimba ari na we yitirirwa. Se yaje kwitaba Imana mu 1986, akaba yari
afite umushinga wo kwakira abana b’imfubyi ariko yitaba Imana atarabigeraho nubwo yari
asanzwe afite abana b’imfubyi iwe murugo bagera kuri 19. Damas Mutezintare ni we wabashije
kwandikisha ishyirahamwe mu buryo bw’amategeko aryita “Orphernat Gisimba”.
Mu bantu ba mbere bageze kwa Gisimba indege imaze guhanurwa harimo uwitwa Pie Mugabo
w’umucamanza. Nyuma ye haje n’abandi benshi ariko baza bakurikiwe n’abasirikare barindaga
Perezida Habyarimana baje kwica abari bahahungiye. Bakihagera bahise bica abo bari
bamuhungiyeho ariko icyo gihe hari abarokotse ubwo bwicanyi. Hakomeje guhungira abantu
benshi barimo Abahutu n’Abatutsi noneho itangazo ry’abanyamakuru ba RTLM rivuga ko
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Abahutu bivangura n’Abatutsi ritangira guca kuri iyo radiyo. Nyuma rero Abahutu baje gusubira
mu ngo zabo kwa Gisimba hasigara abantu bahigwaga bagera ku ijana. Noneho batangira
kwihisha hirya no hino cyane cyane mu bisenge by’amazu. Damas Mutezintare yakomeje
kubungabunga umutekano w’abo bantu bari bahihishe, Interahamwe zikomeye zaza kwica
akazishukisha amafaranga n’ibiryo zigasubirayo.
Yigiriye inama yo guhamagara umuzungu bari basanzwe bakorana wayoboraga umuryango
utabara imbabare w’ababirigi witwaga Claudien. Avugana na Claudien, Damas Mutezintare
yamubwiye ko afite ikibazo gikomenye cyo kutabasha kugaburira abana n’impunzi
zamuhungiyeho. Damas Mutezintare yakomeje guhura n’ingorane kugeza igihe Interahamwe
zishatse kumwica. Geregori n’Interahamwe ze baje kugaruka bashaka kwica abari aho maze
Damas Mutezintare amuha ibyo kurya zisubirayo. Uwitwa Bemeriki wari umunyamakuru wa
RTLM yakunze kuvuga ko Damas Mutezintare abitse Abatutsi. Robert Kajuga na we yakoranye
inama n’Interahamwe ahitwa kuri FTC bavuga ko mbere yo kugira ngo bice bari bana n’abandi
yari ahishe Mutezintare Damas agomba kubanza gupfa. Inkotanyi zafata i Nyamirambo zasanze
Damas Mutezintare ahishe Abatutsi bagera muri magane ane ariko ari mu kaga k’abashakaga
kuza kubamwambura ngo babice.
4.11.3. Mutsindashyaka Martini
Mutsindashyaka Martini yari umupolisi mu gihe cya Jenoside ni we gusa wagize urhare mu
guhisha no guhungisha Abatutsi bake mu bushobozi yari afite kandi abenshi muri abo yahishaga
bararokotse. Kubera umurimo yakoraga, byatumye ahisha Abatutsi benshi iwe abandi akabajyana
kubahisha mu miryango aho yari yizeye ko umutekano wabo utari buhungabane. Ingero zifatika
ni Mukamponga yavanye mu rufunzo amuhisha hamwe na Kanamugire yahishe mu mwobo iwe
mu rugo kugeza aho Inkotanyi zihamurokoye. Abandi ni Musoni Martini, Fulgence Sevile,
Natetse Martin na Bimenyimana Jean Paul yahungishije abageza kuri Sainte Famille.
Mutsindashyaka Martini yagizwe umurinzi w’igihango na Komisiyo y’Igihugu y’Ubumwe
n’Ubwiyunge kubera umutima w’ubutwari n’ubumuntu yagarageje mu kurwana ku batutsi
barimo kwicwa kugeza aho barokowe n’ingabo za FPR Inkotanyi.
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4.11.4. Mulinda Augustin
Mulinda Augustin yahishe Abatutsi barenga 300, akabatunga aho ashoboye akabahungisha.
Abasirikari bafatanije n’Interahamwe bagiye iwe mu rugo bamusaba kwitandukanya n’Abatutsi
maze arabyanga. Bahise bamurasa we n’umugore we n’abana babiri, inzu ye iterwa gerenade
biciramo Abatutsi bose bari bayihishemo.
4.11.4. Mukashyaka Joséphine
Mukashyaka Joséphine wakijije Simburudari Théodore, na we yaramwituye amuha inka. Uwo
kandi yakijije uwitwa Rusagara Paul n’umuryango we.
4.11.5. Nyirabayovu Teresa
Nyirabayovu Teresa bita “Nyakurongorwirijoro” wagize ubutwari bwo guhisha imiryango
y’Abatutsi igera ku munani (8).
251
UMUTWE WA GATANU: INGARUKA ZA JENOSIDE N’UBUZIMA BWA NYUMA
YAYO
5.1. Umubare w’abazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu karere ka Nyarugenge
Kimwe n’ahandi mu gihugu, Abatutsi b’aho akarere ka Nyarugenge gaherereye ubu, biciwe mu
ngo zabo, kuri za bariyeri cyangwa aho bari bahungiye. Ibyo bitera ingorane zo kumenya
umubare nyawo w’abishwe411. Ikindi ni uko imirambo myinshi y’Abatutsi bicwaga muri Jenoside
yatwarwaga n’imodoka za MINITRAPE n’iza Perefegitura y’Umujyi wa Kigali kujugunywa
muri byobo rusange. Imirambo imwe yarahambwe ku buryo bwa rusange mu irimbi ry’i
Nyamirambo indi ikajugunywa mu mugezi wa Nyabarongo. Mu mwaka wa 2000, hari indi
mirambo myinshi yataburuwe mu rwobo ruseange i Nyamirambo ishyingurwa mu cyubahiro mu
Rwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali ruri ku Gisozi. Na n’ubu hari imirambo igitoragurwa hirya no
hino mu karere ka Nyarugenge igashyingurwa muri urwo rwibutso.
Ahiciwe Abatutsi mu karere ka Nyarugenge ni henshi cyane. Hamwe muriho ni kuri CELA, kuri
paruwwasi ya Sainte Famille, mu kigo cy’iyogezabutumwa cya Saint Paul, ku Gitega, ku kigo
cy’Abafurere b’Abayozefiti kiri i Nyamirambo , kuri Paruwasi ya Mutagatifu Karori Lwanga,
kuri CHUK, mu Nyakabanda, ku Ntaraga, kuri SODEPARAL, ku Muhima, muri Rugenge, mu
Kiyovu cy’abakire, mu Biryogo, mu Rugunga, ku Mumena, ku Kivugiza, Kimisange no kuri
Mont Kigali. Abicanyi bari mu nzego zose: abategetsi ku nzego zose, abasirikari n’abajandarume,
Interahamwe n’Impuzamugambi n’abaturage basanzwe. Cyane cyane ko Komini ya Nyarugenge
ari yo yari icumbikiye inzego nkuru z’igihugu.
Akarere ka Nyarugenge nta rwibutso kagira. Imibiri yagiye iboneka yose yagiye ijyanwa
gushyingurwa mu cyubahiromu rwibutso rwa Gisozi. Umubare w’abishwe muri Jenoside
yatanzwe n’ibarura ryakozwe na Minisiteri y’Ubutegetsi bw’Igihugu mu 2002, rigaragaza ko mu
411
Ikusanyamakuru ryakozwe mbere yuko Inkiko Gacaca zitagnira, zitanga amakuru y’ingenzi kuri uwo mubare.
Kubera ko inyandiko z’izo nkiko zirimo gutunganywa ku buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga, muri iki gihe ntabwo
abashakashatsi babasha kugera mu bubiko bwazo. Igihe umushakashatsi azaba abasha kuzigeraho umusaruro
uzarushaho kuba mwiza
252
karere ka Nyarugenge hishwe Abatutsi bagera 45.536412. Iyi mibare ni agateganyo kubera ko hari
imibiri ikomeje kuboneka hirya no hino.
5.2. Gusibanganya ibimenyetso bya Jenoside
Muri rusange, guhakana no gupfobya bitegurwa kandi bigakorwa mbere y’uko ikorwa, mu gihe
irimo gukorwa ndetse na nyuma yayo. Kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, hari ibimenyetso
bitandukanye byerekana ihakana n’ipfobya ryayo byagiye bigaragara muri biyo bihe byombi bya
mbere. Bigizwe no kujugunya imirambo y’abishwe ahantu hatazwi cyangwa se kuyihisha,
kuyitwika, kuyishinyagurira n’ibindi. Nyuma ya Jenoside abayiteguye n’abayikoze batangiza
urugamba rwo kuyihakana bemeza ko abishwe atari bo. Mu Karere ka Nyarugenge imirambo
myinshi yaburiwe irengero kuko iyavuzwe aho yajugunywe ari mike cyane ugereranyijwe
n’abishwe. Ahantu henshi muri Nyarugenge abantu bubatse hejuru y’ahajugunywe imibiri
y’Abatutsi bishwe barangije baricecekera.
5.3. Imibereho y’ abacitse ku icumu rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi
Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yagize ingaruka zikomeye kandi z’igihe kirekire ku nkirirahato
zayirokotse. Muri izo ngaruka harimo kuba abacitse ku icumu barabuze ababo bari babafitiye
akamaro, ubumuga, agahinda no kwiheba, uburwayi buturuka ku gufatwa ku ngufu ku bagore
n’abakobwa, ubukene, ubupfubyi, incike zitagira ababo, kutagira amacumbi, inzu zishaje
zikeneye gusanwa no kutishyurwa imitungo yabo yangijwe muri Jenoside.
Ikibazo cy’imiturire igomba gukurikiza igishushanyo mbonera cy’Umujyi wa Kigali na cyo kiri
mu bibangamiye abacitse ku icumu batishoboye kubera ko kubaka cyangwa se gusana bisaba
amikoro benshi badafite. Hari abagurishije aho bari batuye bimukira ahajyanye n’ubushobozi
bwabo, hari ariko n’abatarimuka, cyane cyane abasenyewe inzu zabo muri Jenoside bakaba
batarasanirwa. Hari n’abataragiraga inzu zabo kandi bakomoka mu karere ka Nyarugenge none
ubu bakaba basaba kubakirwa.
Akarere ka Nyarugenge gafatanyije n’Ikigega cya Leta Gitera Inkunga Abarokotse Batishoboye
(FARG) kakoze ibishoboka kugira ngo gakemure ibyo bibazo by’abacitse ku icumu by’insobe.
412
MINALOC (2002). Dénombrement des victimes du génocide. Rapport final. Ville de Kigali, Kigali, p. 19
253
Nk’uko bigaragazwa n’imbonerahamwe ikurikira, hari amazu yubakiwe abatishoboye badafite
amacumbi, inkunga z’ingoboka za buri kwezi zitangwa, abanyeshuri bafashijwe kwiga
n’abarwayi baravuzwa ku buntu.
Imbonerahamwe igaragaza inkunga zatewe abacitse ku icumu rya Jenoside mu Karere ka
Nyarugenge kuva 2006.
Sgiteri
Amacumbi
Imishinga ibyara inyingu
Amazu
Amazu
Inkunga
yubatswe
yasanwe
zatanzwe w’imishinga
Umubare
Umubare
Girinka
w’abagenewe
ibikorwa
Gitega
52
22
262
2
22
Kanyinya
45
26
115
3
36
38
Kigali
43
20
203
5
54
43
Kimisagara
58
12
198
3
36
Mageragere
42
46
126
4
42
Muhima
52
18
217
5
57
Nyakabanda
46
8
95
3
31
Nyamirambo
48
22
311
4
44
Nyarugenge
48
16
168
4
43
Rwezamenyo
44
8
94
2
24
Igiteranyo
478
198
1789
35
389
45
35
161
Aho byavuye: Byakusanyijwe n’umushakashatsi hifashijwe raporo za Karere ka Nyarugenge
(2006-2019)
Inkunga Leta y’u Rwanda inyuza mu Kigega Gitera Inkunga Abarokotse Jenoside batishoboye
yishimirwa na bose n’ubwo itakemura ibibazo byose bafite. Ikirenze ibyo kandi ni umutekano
abacitse ku icumu bafite kimwe n’abandi Banyarwanda bityo bakabasha gukora imirimo ibateza
imbere.
5.4. Kwibuka Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Karere ka Nyarugenge
Muri Nyakanga 1994 ubutegetsi bwakoraga Jenoside bwahungiye hirya no hino, harimo
n’abategekaga Komini ya Nyarugenge boretse imbaga. Nyuma ya Jenoside abaturage b’akarere
254
ka Nyarugenge bafatanyije n’inzego z’ubuyobozi bushya baharaniye kongera kwiyubaka no
gusana akarere kabo kashegeshwe bikomeye. Iki gice gikubiyemo inshamake y’ibikorwa
bijyanye no kwibuka muri rusange ndetse no kurwanya ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside mu karere
ka Nyarugenge. Mbere yo gusobanura uko akarere ka Nyarugenge kibuka Jenoside yakorewe
Abatutsi mu Rwanda muri 1994, ni ngombwa kwibutsa akamaro ko kwibuka n’ibikorwa muri
rusange. Ku banyarwanda n’inshuti zabo, kwibuka ni umwanya mwiza kandi wihariye wo
kuzirikana ku mateka ya politiki mbi banyuzemo ikabageza kuri Jenoside yahekuye igihugu.
Kuva muri 1995 hakozwe byinshi mu gusubiza icyubahiro abishwe muri Jenoside bashyingurwa
mu nzibutso zubatswe ku bufatanye bwa Leta n’abaturage hirya no hino mu gihugu. Ibiganiro
byihariye bitegurwa mu gihe cyo kwibuka bifasha abantu kwiyumva mu gikorwa kimwe no
gufatana mu mugongo hagamijwe ubumwe n’ubwiyunge no komorana ibikomere byasizwe na
Jenoside. Ibyo biganiro biherekezwa n’ubutumwa bw’abayobozi bushishikariza abantu kwirinda
ivangura n’ibikorwa ibyo ari byo byose byasubiza igihugu mu miborogo. Icy’ingenzi mu bikorwa
byo kwibuka Jenoside bibera hirya no hino mu gihugu ni ukuremera abacitse ku icumu
batishoboye, bubakirwa cyangwa se bagasanirwa inzu batuyemo bakanahabwa inkunga
zitandukanye. Ibyo bituma imyumvire igenda itera imbere bityo n’ibikorwa bikarushaho
kunozwa no gutanga umusaruro ugaragara.
Kwibuka Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Karere ka Nyarugenge bikorwa mu buryo bubiri
bw’ingenzi: Hari ibikorwa bibera mu mirenge yose 10 igize aka akarere, hakaba n’ibikorwa
n’abakozi bakorera ku cyicaro cy’akarere bafatanyije n’abafatanyabikorwa bako. Ibikorerwa mu
mirenge bisa n’ibikorerwa ahandi mu gihugu muri rusange, bikaba byiganjemo gushakisha
imibiri itaraboneka kugira ngo ishyingurwe mu cyubahiro, kwitabira ibiganiro bitandukanye
bitegurwa no kuremera abacitse ku icumu batishoboye. Ibikorerwa ku cyicaro cy’akarere ahanini
biba bigizwe no kwibuka abari abakozi ba komini ya Nyarugenge bishwe muri Jenoside. 413
Akarere ka Nyarugenge kitabira ibikorwa byo kwibuka Jenoside bya buri mwaka nk’uko
bigaragazwa na raporo zo kwibuka z’imyaka ya 2016 na 2017. Mu 2016 ibikorwa byo kwibuka
byabereye ahantu icumi muri buri mirenge no mu bigo by’imirimo n’amashuri bigera kuri 45.
By’umwihariko mu karere ka Nyarugenge bibutse Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi bikorerwa ku
413
Ikiganiro n’umukozi w’Akarere ufite kwibuka mu nshingano ze, Ugushyingo 2018
255
mugezi wa Nyabarongo ahajugunywe Abatutsi abandi bakabatemera mu nkengero zayo
bakabajugunyamo. Igikorwa gishya ni uko akarere ka Nyarugenge mu mwaka wa 2016 kubatse
ikimenyetso cy’urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwanditseho amwe mu mazina y’abishwe bagatabwa
muri uwo mugezi wa Nyabarongo agera kuri 700414.
Mu kwibuka Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ku nshuro ya 23 mu 2017, ibikorwa byo kwibuka mu
Karere ka Nyarugenge byakorewe ahantu hagera kuri 55 harimo ahibukiwe mu gihe cy’icyunamo
ku nshuro ya 11, mu mashuri 8, ibitaro n’ibigo nderabuzima 2, ibigo by’abikorera 17 n’amatorero
6. Muri aka Karere ahantu hibukiwe hiciwe Abatutsi mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ni
ku mashuri abanza ya “Camp Kigali” ahiciwe Abatutsi benshi bari bahahungiye bicwa nabi,
bamwe baraswa n’abasirikare, abagore batwite bakabavanamo abana abandi bakabafata ku ngufu.
Mbere gato ya Jenoside kandi abasirikare batwaraga Abatutsi bakahabicira uwo batishe
bakamumugaza kubera inkoni. Hibukiwe kandi ku Murenge wa Mageragere ahiciwe abantu ku
mashuri, mu Murenge wa Kanyinya, muri Saint Paul na Paruwasi ya Sainte Famille, mu Murenge
wa Kigali ahahoze ari muri Komini ya Butamwa, muri Paruwasi ya Karoli Lwanga, mu ishuri rya
Saint André, muri Saint Joseph no ku mashuri abanza ya Kivugiza ndetse no kuri Sitade
Mumena.
Aha hose hari hahungiye Abatutsi bishwe mu buryo bunyuranye kandi burimo ubugome bwinshi,
bamwe batabwa mu myobo abandi bajya kujugunywa muri Nyabarongo. Ku cyicaro cy’Akarere
ka Nyarugenge naho habereye umuhango wo kwibuka Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu bice
bigize Akarere ka Nyarugenge, harimo n’abari abakozi bako bazize Jenoside415. Ibikorwa byo
kwibuka byitabirwa n’abaturage bose, baba ababa mu Rwanda ndetse n’abo mu mahanga.
Intambwe imaze guterwa irashimishije.
5.5. Kurwanya ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside mu karere ka Nyarugenge
Igisobanuro cy’ibikorwa bigize ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside n’ibindi bifitanye isano nayo
tugisanga
414
415
mu
Itegeko
n̊
59/2018
ryo
kuwa
22/08/2018
ryerekeranye
CNLG, 2016, Raporo yo Kwibuka Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ku nshuro ya 22, Kigali
CNLG, 2017, Raporo yo Kwibuka Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ku nshyuro ya 23, Kigali
n’icyaha
256
cy'ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside n'ibindi byaha bifitanye isano na yo 416. Ingingo ya kane y’iryo
tegeko isobanuro:
“Umuntu ukorera mu ruhame igikorwa, byaba mu magambo, mu nyandiko, mu mashusho
cyangwa ku bundi buryo, kigaragaza imitekerereze yimakaza cyangwa ishyigikira kurimbura
abantu bose cyangwa bamwe muri bo bahuriye ku bwenegihugu, ubwoko, ibara ry’uruhu
cyangwa ku idini aba akoze icyaha”.
Muri iri tegeko, “uruhame” ni ahantu hateraniye abantu barenze babiri (2). Ibikorwa bikurikira na
byo bifatwa nk’ibikorewe mu ruhame:
1. ibitangajwe ku rubuga nkoranyabuhanga;
2. ibitangajwe ku rubuga nkoranyambaga;
3. ibitangajwe mu bitangazamakuru;
4. ubutumwa bwohererejwe umuntu;
5. amajwi yafashwe hakoreshejwe ibyuma byabugenewe ibyo ari byo byose cyangwa
amashusho yafashwe hakoreshejwe icyuma gifata amashusho agenda;
6. ibindi
byose
bitangajwe
hifashishijwe
ikoranabuhanga
mu
itangazabumenyi
n’itumanaho;
Ibindi byaha bifitanye isano n’ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside, harimo guhakana Jenoside
(ingingo ya 5); gupfobya Jenoside (ingingo 6); guha ishingiro Jenoside (ingingo ya 7); kuzimiza
cyangwa gutesha agaciro ibimenyetso cyangwa amakuru byerekeye Jenoside (Ingingo ya 8);
Kwiba cyangwa kwangiza imibiri y’abazize Jenoside (Ingingo ya 9); gusenya,konona cyangwa
gutesha agaciro urwibutso rwa Jenoside cyangwa ahashyinguwe imibiri y’abazize Jenoside
(Ingingo ya 10); Guhohotera uwacitse ku icumu rya Jenoside (Ingingo ya 11).
Nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, Leta y’u Rwanda yashyize imbaraga mu kurwanya
ingengabitekerezo yayo binyuze muri gahunda zitandukanye zirimo guhana abakoze icyaha
cy’ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside n'ibindi byaha bifitanye isano nayo, gushimangira ubumwe
n’ubwiyunge mu banyarwanda, kubungababunga ibimenyetso bya Jenoside, kwigisha urubyiruko
amateka y’u Rwanda ; Ubushakashatsi ku mateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi; Kuvuguruza
416
Itegeko rivuguruye rihana icyaha cy’ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside n’ibyaha bifitanye isano na yo
257
abahakana n’abapfoya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi no gushishikariza ibihugu by’amahanga
gushyiraho amategeko ahana ihakana n’ipfobya bya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.
N’ubwo Leta yashyizeho amategeko akomeye ahana icyaha cy’ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside 417,
mu Rwanda haracyagaragara abantu bakiyifite. Mu mihango yo kwibuka hagiye hagaragara
ibikorwa bibi byibasira cyane cyane abacitse ku icumu n’ibindi bibazo binyuranye birimo
ihungabana nk’uko byagiye bigaragazwa muri za raporo zitandukanye. No mu Karere ka
Nyarugenge ibyo bikorwa bibi byarahagaragaye; ababifatiwemo bashyikirizwa inkiko. Mu
kwibuka Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ku nshuro ya 22 mu 2016, mu Karere ka Nyarugenge
abantu cumi na batanu (15) bagaragaweho ibikorwa n’ibimenyetso by’ingengabitekerezo ya
Jenoside, guhakana no kuyipfobya. Mu kwibuka ku nshuro ya 23 mu 2017, abagaragaweho
n’ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside ni umunani (8). Bose bashyikirijwe ubushinjacyaha ngo
bubakurikirane418. Ibikorwa byo guhana abagaragaweho ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside bigomba
kujyana no kwigisha abaturage muri rusange ububi bwayo n’uko bagomba kuyirinda.
By’umwihariko ababyeyi barakangurirwa kwirinda kwinjiza mu bana bakiri bato ibitekerezo
by’urwango n’ivangura kuko ari byo ntandaro yayo, ahubwo bakabigisha kubanira bose
kivandimwe bashyira imbere indangagaciro z’ubumwe n’ubunyarwanda.
5.6. Imibanire y’abaturage b’Akarere ka Nyarugenge nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe
Abatutsi
Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yasenye umuryango nyarwanda, isenya imibanire no kwizerana
hagati y’Abanyarwanda. Nyuma yayo Leta yashyize imbaraga nyinshi mu kongera kubanisha
Abanyarwanda no kunga ubumwe bwabo. Abatangabuhamya batandukanye bemeza ko abaturage
b’Akarere ka Nyarugenge babanye neza n’ubwo hakiri bake bagifite ingengabitekerezo ya
Jenoside. Umwe mu batangabuhamya asobanura uko imibanire y’abaturage imeze mu magambo
akurikira:
417
418
Repuburika Y’u Rwanda, (2013). Itegeko N° 84/2013 ryo kuwa 11/09/2013 ryerekeye icyaha
cy'ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside n'ibindi byaha bifitanye isano na yo, In Igazeti ya Repuburika y’u
Rwanda, Kigali, PRIMATURE.
CNLG, (2018) Raporo Rusange zo Kwibuka Jenoside Ku nshuro ya 22 na 23, Kigali.
258
Urebye ubona ko mu Karere ka Nyarugenge abantu babanye neza, cyane ko burya mu Mujyi
buri wese aba ahugiye mu bye. Haracyari bamwe bagifite ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside. Nko
mu gihe cyo kwibuka hakunze kugaraga imvugo zitari nziza cyane cyane mu tubari, urugero
ukumva umuntu aravuze ati ese kuki batibuka n’Abahutu bapfuye? 419
Bamwe
mu
barokotse Jenoside
yakorewe Abatutsi bavuga ko
bagerageza kubana
n’ababahemukiye gusa imbogamizi bagira ni imitungo yabo yangijwe itarishyurwa kugeza uyu
munsi kandi rimwe na rimwe bene yo bakayigurisha rwihishwa babifashijwemo na bamwe mu
bayobozi b’inzego z’ibanze. Ikindi kibazo cy’imibiri y’ababo itaraboneka ngo ishyingurwe
kugeza uyu munsi na cyo kibabuza amahoro. Bifuza ko abagize uruhare muri Jenoside bagira
uruhare mu kugaragaza aho imibiri itarashyingurwa mu cyubahiro iherereye ndetse n’abagomba
kwishyura bakabikora.
Abaturage bose b’Akarere ka Nyarugenge bafatanya muri gahunda zose zibateza imbere, zaba iza
Leta ndetse n’izabo bwite. Umutekano urarinzwe kuri bose kandi n’ukoze amakosa cyangwa
ibyaha ahanwa hakurikijwe amategeko. Bose bishimira iterambere rimaze kugerwaho n’Akarere
ka Nyarugenge by’umwihariko n’Umujyi wa Kigali muri rusange.
419
Ubuhamya bwatangiwe i Nyarugenge, Ukwakira 2018
259
UMUTWE WA GATANDATU: UMWANZURO RUSANGE N’BYIFUZO
6.1. Umwanzuro rusange
Ubu bushakashatsi kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Karere ka Nyarugenge bugamije
kwerekana uko ingengabitekerezo y’urwango, ivangura n’amacakubiri yahemberewe mu Rwanda
kuva 1959 kugera kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri Mata-Nyakanga 1994. Muri rusange
Komini ya Nyarugenge, iya Butamwa n’Umurenge wa Kanyinya ubu byose bikaba bigize akarere
ka Nyarugenge byakunze kuyoborwa n’abatoni b’ubutegetsi bwa Perezida Gregoire Kayibanda
cyangwa ubwa Juvénal Habyarimana. Ibyo byaterwaga ni uko aka karere kari igicumbi
cy’ubutegetsi bukuru bw’igihugu. Nyamara kandi ubwo butegetsi bwari bushingiye ku
ivanguramoko no gutoteza Abatutsi kugera aho kubarimbura.
Mu gihe cya Jenoside, Komini ya Nyarugenge yari iyobowe na Jean Bizimana wari umaze
imyaka ibiri kuri ubwo buyobozi. Yari aturutse muri Perezidansi ya Repubulika. Yagize uruhare
rutaziguye mu kurimbura Abatutsi atanga amabwiriza ku bayobozi yari akuriye no ku baturage
yari ayoboye. Ahantu henshi babereye ubwicanyi rusange muri komini ya Nyarugenge
avugwamo. Kubera uruhare rw’iyi komini mu miyoborere y’igihugu, igihe cyose Bizimana
yabaga ari kumwe n’abategetsi bakuru; by’umwihariko colonel Tharcisse Renzaho wayoboraga
Perefegitura y’Umujyi wa Kigali. Uyu Jean Bizimana yaje kwirega no kwemera icyaha cya
Jenoside. Ibyo byatumye ashinja Colonel Renzaho uruhare yagize muri Jenoside yakorewe
Abatutsi ku buryo ubungubu Renzaho amuvumira ku gahera nkuko yabyanditse mu gitabo cye
cyasohotse mu 2015 420. Nyamara kandi muri uko gushinja Renzaho, Bizimana yashatse
kumuvugira neza ariko abandi bakoranya ubwicanyi bwa Jenoside babavamo. Bizimana nawe
yabonye arushywa n’ubusa arakomeza aramushinja. Muri iyo mikoranire n’abandi bategetsi, Jean
Bizimana yanakoranaga na François Karera wayoboye Nyarugenge guhera mu 1975 kugera mu
Ukuboza 1990 ariko guhera mu 1992 kugera mu gihe cya Jenoside akaba yari Perezida wa
MRND muri iyo komini.
420
Renzaho Tharcisse (2015). La bataille de Kigali du 06 avril au 04 juillet 1994 en 1994: le calvaire de la
population de Kigali pendant le génocide, Collection "Le droit à la parole" , Lille, Editions Sources du Nil, 347p. Iki
gitabo kigaragaramo amagambo n’uburyo bwinshi bihakana cyangwa bipfobya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Editions
Sources du Nil yamufashije kwandika iki gitabo yiyemeje gupfobya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi no gukwirakwiza
urwango mu Banyarwanda.
260
Muri icyo gihe cya Jenoside, guhera mu 1992, Komini ya Butamwa yo yayoborwaga na Laurent
Twagirayezu wakomokaga mu ishyaka rya MDR. Nta ruhare yagize muri Jenoside. Ahubwo
yagerageje gucikisha Abatutsi nubwo abenshi baje kwicirwa ahandi, cyane cyane muri Komini ya
Mugina muri Perefegitura ya Gitarama. Nyamara uwo yasimbuye, Stanislas Ruberangondo,
yakomeje kuba Perezida wa MRND muri Komini ya Butamwa. Yagize uruhare rukomeye mu
kurimbura Abatutsi akoresha inama zo gushishikariza abandi baturage ubwo bwicanyi. Ubu
bushakashatsi bugaragaza imyitwarire y’abo bayobozi bose, ahagiye habera Jenoside n’uruhare
bagiye bagira aha n’aha.
Abayobozi b’inzego z’ibanze n’abakozi w’ibizi komini zombi nabo bagize uruhare mu gutoteza
Abatutsi kuva mu myaka ya 1960, mu gihe cy’intambara yo kubohora u Rwanda no kubarimbura
muri Mata-Nyakanga 1994. Ibyo ubu bushakashatsi bwarabigaragaje. Ariko hari n’Abatutsi
bamwe bari muri izo nzego. Ubu bushakashatsi bwagaragaje uburyo bahohotewe kugera ubwo
bicwa. Abo bose bishwe nabo bari baziranye, baturanye, biganye kandi bakoranaga.
Buri mwaka Akarere ka Nyarugenge gategura ibikorwa byo kwibuka abo bose bazize Jenoside
yakorewe Abatutsi mu rwego rwo kubasubiza agaciro bambuwe no kwigisha abantu bose (cyane
cyane abakiri bato) indangagaciro zo kubaha no gukunda ubuzima, ubworoherane no gufatanya
mu kurwanya urwango n’amacakubiri ashobora guteza ibyago bikomeye birimo na Jenoside. Izo
nzego kandi zitera inkunga ifatika abacitse ku icumu batishoboye mu rwego rwo kongera gusana
no kunga umuryango nyarwanda. Byose bigirwamo uruhare n’abakozi n’abafatanyabikorwa
bemeza ko hari itandukaniro rinini hagati y’ubutegetsi bwariho kugera mu 1994 n’ubuyobozi
bushyize hamwe kandi buha agaciro buri wese buriho ubu.
Cyokora ubu bushakashatsi kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi aho Akarere ka Nyarugenge
gaherereye ubu, bwagaragaje ko hari ibikenewe kunozwa nkuko bigaragara mu byifuzo nama
bikurikira.
261
6.2. Ibyifuzo
Ibyinshi muri ibi byifuzo ni ibyo ubushakashatsi bwakuye mu nzego zinyuranye harimo
n’iz’abarokotse Jenoside cyangwa na bo ubwabo ku giti cyabo. Ibyo byifuzo ni ibi bikurikira:
− Hakwiye
gukorwa
film
documentaire
hifashishijwe
ubuhamya
bw’abarokotse
hagaragazwa aho Abatutsi bagiye bicirwa cyangwa bajungunywe muri aka Karere;
− Ku biro by’Akarere ka Nyarugenge hakwiye kujya urukuta rwanditseho amazina y’abari
abakozi ba Komini ya Nyarugenge, iya Butamwa na Segiteri ya Kanyinya bazize Jenoside
yakorewe Abatutsi;
− Hakwiye kujyaho ikusanyirizo ry’inyandiko ( Documentation Center ) zirebana na
Jenoside
− Hakwiye gukorwa ikarita ( Map) igaragaza aho Abatutsi bagiye bicirwa mu Karere ka
Nyarugenge;
− Hakwiye gukorwa ikarita ( Map) iragaragaza aho inzego z’ubutegetsi, iz’umutekano
n’ibigo byihariye ( amabanki, amaradiyo, n’ibindi) byari biherereye muri 1994
− Aho izo nzego zose zari ziherereye hakwiye gushyirwa ikirango cyo kwibuka
(commemorative plaque) kugira ngo amateka yayo adasibangana burundu kandi
haracuriwe imigambi yo kurimbura Abatutsi;
− Abakozi ba Komini ya Nyarurgenge, iya Butamwa na Segiteri ya Kanyinya barokotse
Jenoside n’abaharagarariye imiryango y’abishwe (ababakomokaho n’abafitanye isano
nabo) bakwiye kwibumbira mu muryango (association) kandi Akarere ka Nyarugenge
kakabibafashamo;
− Hakwiye gukorwa ubushakashatsi bwihariye kandi bwimbitse kuri buri hantu hagiye
habera Jenoside mu Karere ka Nyarugenge
− Akarere ka Nyarugenge gakwiye gukurikirana ikibazo cy’abakekwaho Jenoside
bataburanishijwe, imanza zitagenze neza n’ibibazo by’irangizarubanza.
262
INKOMOKO Y’AMAKURU
Amazina y’abafitanye isano n’abazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi bakoreraga Komini ya
Nyarugenge cyangwa Komini ya Butamwa
Amazina
Isano bafitanye
Telefone
Mugemana Uwase Teddy
Umwana wa Mukampabuka M Goretti
0788554818
Umuhoza Regine
Mushiki wa Rugumire Jean Bosco/Remera
0788528684
Kagitare Asiya
Umugore wa Binego Djuma /Nyamirambo
0788415791
Mukandahiro Domitilla
Umugore wa Rutikanga Alexandre/Gatenga
0785154141
Hitimana Pio
Sebukwe wa Munana Théoneste/Mwendo
0788858607
Amazina y’abatanze amakuru kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri Komini ya
Nyarugenge na Komini ya Butamwa
Amazina
Aho atuye
Telefone
Charles Kabanda
Muhima
0788423080
Dusabemungu Gervais
Nyakabanda-Ruyenzi
Gafaranga Omar
Ibuka Biryogo
0783044557
Gakwaya Bénoite
Muhima
0788437550
Gasamagera Wellars
Nyarugenge
Gatsimbanyi Felicien
Gitega
Impore Innocent
Kanyinya/Nzove
Kamana Modeste
Rugunga
Kayibanda Elisée
Ibuka Kigali
0782132134
263
Kayiranga Jean Bosco
Kanyinya/Taba
Longolongo Hussein
Muhima-Fumbwe
Mparabanyi Faustin
Ibuka Gitega
Mudacyahwa Emmanuel
Kimisagara
Mudenge Martin
Rugenge/Muhima
Mugema Olivier
Nyakabanda
Muhawenimana Denise
Kanyinya
0788601900
Mukakimenyi Speciose
Rwezamenyo
0788537807
Mukasarambuye Antoinette
Rugunga
0788667608
Mupfasoni Anita
Kigali/Norvège
0788572911
Murangwa Jean-Damascène
Ibuka Mageragere
0788306197
Muyombano Joseph
Biryogo/Rwampara
Ndahiro Jean Baptiste
Kicukiro/Niboye
Nizeyimana Oliver de Maurice Ibuka Muhima
Nkerabigwi Etienne
Kabuga
Nsanzamahoro Budagisi
Kanyinya
Nyabyenda Jean Baptiste
Nyakabanda
Nyiramukwende Marie
Muhima
Nyiringondo Epaphrodite
Muhima/Tetero
Patrick Kamanzi
Rugunga
Rugero Paulin
Rugenge
0785074566
0788551571
0788596085
0788301733
0788357792
0785112475
0785926180
264
Rugundana Vedaste
Nyamirambo/Rugarama
0788274885
Rutayisire Eugène
Biryogo/Rwampara
0788766432
Rutayisire Masengo Gilbert
Ibuka /Akarere ka Nyarugenge
0788834309
Rwego Yussuf
Ibuka Rwezamenyo
0788817328
Seburengo Abdul Karim
Rwezamenyo
Twagirimana Theomistocles
Kanyinya/Nzove
Ugirashebuja Emmanuel
Mageragere
0787493499
Uwineza Jeanne d’Arc
Kabasengerezi
0788594057
Uwingabe Julienne
Ibuka Cyahafi
0788221283
265
Inyandiko zifashishijwe
− Bizimana Jean Damascène (2014). Inzira ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda,
Kigali
− Blaxter Lorraine, Hughes Christina & Tight Malcolm (1996). How to Research.
Buckingham: Open University Press.
−
CLADHO-KANYARWANDA (1994). Rapport de la commission d’enquête sur les
violations massives des droits de l’homme commises au Rwanda à partir du 06 avril
1994, première phase, Kigali le10 décembre 1994, p. 237
− CNLG (2015). Gusobanukirwa Jenoside, Kigali, CNLG
− CNLG (2018). Raporo Rusange zo Kwibuka Jenoside Ku nshuro ya 22 na 23, Kigali.
− Denscombe Martyn (2002). Ground rules for Good Research: a 10-point guide for social
researchers, Philadelphia, Open University
− Des Forges Alison (1999). Leave none to tell the story. Genocide in Rwanda, London,
Human Rights Watch (HRW).
− Frieda Schaubroeck (1973). Ibaruwa yandikiwe burugumesitiri wa Komini ya Musambira,
Kigali, kuwa 20 Mata 1973
− Frieda Schaubroeck (1973). Lettre au bourgmestre (tous), Kigali le 3 septembre, 19973
− Gerring, John (2011). “Social Science methodology: Strategies for Social Inquiry”,
Cambridge, Cambridge University Press
− Hatzfeld Jean (2003). Une saison de machettes, Paris, Seuil.
− Kangura no 7, Ugushyingo 1990, p.14.
− Kimonyo Jean Paul (2008). Rwanda. Un génocide populaire, Paris, Karthala
− Lemkin, Raphael (1944). Lemkin's Axis Rule in Occupied Europe: Laws of Occupation Analysis of Government - Proposals for Redress, Washington DC, Carnegie Endowment
for International Peace, (pp. 79 – 95)
− Melvern Linda (2006). Conspiracy to Murder: The Rwandan genocide, New York, Verso
− Mfizi Christophe (2006) Le reseau zero (B), Fossoyeur de la Démocratie et de la
République au Rwanda (1975-1994), TPIR
− MINALOC (2004). Dénombrement des victimes du Génocide des Tutsi, Kigali
266
− MINESUPRES (1996). Rapport préliminaire d’identification des sites du génocide et des
massacres d’avril-juillet 1994, Kigali, Février 1996
− Itegeko n ̊ 59/2018 ryo kuwa 22/08/2018 ryerekeranye n’icyaha cy'ingengabitekerezo ya
Jenoside n'ibindi byaha bifitanye isano na yo
− African Rights (1999). Father Wenceslas Munyeshyaka: In the Eyes of the Survivors of
Sainte Famille, 1999, p.77.
− Mironko Charles (2014). Dehumanization revisited in Confronting genocide in Rwanda:
Dehumanization, Denial and Strategies for Prevention, Conference Proceedings, Bogota,
Epidama Ediciones Ltd
− Mukagasana Yolande (1997). La mort ne veut pas de moi, Fixot : Robert Laffont
− Nkusi Laurent (2010). Le Génocide perpétré contre les Tutsi: Documentation, Mémoire et
Réconciliation après le Génocide des Tutsi en 1994: Un défi possible à relever. In :«Actes
du Colloque 16 years after the genocide perpetrated against Tutsi:Handling its
Consequences», Kigali, CNLG
− Prunier, Gerard, (1997), The Rwanda Crisis: History of a genocide, New York, Columbia
University Press
− FIDH (1993). Rapport de la Commission Internationale d’Enquête sur les Violations de
Droits de l’Homme au Rwanda depuis le 1 er Octobre 1990 (7-21 Janvier 1993)
− Repuburika y’u Rwanda (2007). Itegeko N° 09/2007 ryo kuwa 16/02/2007 rigena
inshingano, imiterere n'imikorere bya Komisiyo y'Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside, In
Igazeti ya Repuburika y’u Rwanda
− Repuburika y’u Rwanda (2007). Itegeko N° 09/2007 ryo kuwa 16/02/2007 rigena
inshingano, imiterere n'imikorere bya Komisiyo y'Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside, In
Igazeti ya Repuburika y’u Rwanda.
− Repuburika y’u Rwanda (1996). Itegeko-ngenga n°8/96 ryo kuwa 30/8/1996 rigena
imitunganirize y'ikurikirana ry'ibyaha bigize icyaha cy'itsembabwoko n'itsembatsemba
cyangwa ibyaha byibasiye inyoko muntu byakozwe kuva tariki ya mbere Ukwakira 1990,
In Igazeti ya Republika y'u Rwanda.
− Repuburika y’u Rwanda (2001). Itegeko-ngenga n°33/2001 ryo kuwa 22/06/2001
rihindura kandi ryuzuza itegeko ngenga n°40/2000 ryo kuwa 26/01/2001 rishyiraho
267
Inkiko-GACACA
rigena
imitunganirize
y'ikurikirana
ry'ibyaha
bigize
icyaha
cy'itsembabwoko n'itsembatsemba cyangwa ibyaha byibasiye inyoko-muntu, byakozwe
hagati y'itariki ya mbere Ukwakira 1990 n'iya 31 Ukuboza 1994.
− Renzaho Tharcisse (2015). La bataille de Kigali du 06 avril au 04 juillet 1994 en 1994: le
calvaire de la population de Kigali pendant le génocide, Collection "Le droit à la parole" ,
Lille, Editions Sources du Nil, 347p.
− République du Rwanda, Rapport de la Commission Nationale Indépendante chargée de
rassembler les preuves montrant l’implication de l’Etat français dans le génocide
perpétré au Rwanda en 1994, Kigali, p. 79
− Rutayisire Paul et Rutazibwa Privat (2007). Le génocide à Nyarubuye, Kigali, Editions
Rwandaises
− Rutayisire Paul (2003). Memoire et/ou oubli comme rançon à la paix civile [Online]
− Rutembesa Faustin et Mutwarasibo Ernest (2009). Amateka ya Jenoside yakorewe
Abatutsi muri Mujyina, Kigali, CNLG
− Rutinduka Laurent (2010). Amateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri Murambi,
Kigali, CNLG
− SNJG, (2012), Raporo isoza imirimo y’Inkiko Gacaca, Kigali, SNJG, p.3
− Staub Ervin (2015). The Roots of Goodness & Resistance to Evil, New York, Oxford
University Press
− Totten Samuel (Ed.) (2009). The Genocide Studies Reader, New York and London,
Routledge
− Totten Samuel & Parsons Walter (2009). Century of Genocide: Critical Essays and
Eyewitness accounts (3ed.), New York, Routledge
− Urwego rw’Igihugu Rushinzwe Inkiko Gacaca, (2012), Raporo isoza imirimo y’Inkiko
Gacaca, Kigali
− United Nations on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide adopted by
Resolution 260 (III) A of the United Nations General Assembly on 9, November 1948.
Inyandiko zavanywe kuri murandasi
Trial International, www. trialinternational.org/fr/latest-post/pascal-simbikangwa/, kuwa
31 Gicurasi 2020
268
Stanton, Gregory (2013). The ten stages of Genocide. Genocide Watch, The International
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to
End
Genocide,
retrieved
from
http://www.genocidewatch.org/images/Ten_Stages_of_Genocide_by_Gregory_Stanton.p
df.
Novopress, www.novopress.info, le massacre des para-commandos belges au Rwanda,
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Igihe.com, www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/ kuwa 19 Nyakanga 2019
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i
IMIGEREKA
Umugereka wa mbere: Ingingo nyoborakiganiro yifashishijwe mu bushakashatsi
Ingingo ya mbere: Imibanire y’abanyarwanda mbere ya 1959
o Mbere ya 1959, agace mwari mutuyemo kitwaga iyihe sheferi? Ni nde wayoboraga iyo
sheferi? Susheferi yitwaga ite? Sushefu yitwaga nde?
o Mbere ya 1959, abaturage bari babanye bate mu gace mwari mutuyemo?
o Gucikamo ibice mu Banyarwanda byatangiye ryari? Byatewe n’iki? Ni bande babigizemo
uruhare?
o
Ni iki wibuka ku byerekeye imvururu zabaye mu 1959? Byagenze gute mu gace mwari
mutuyemo ?
Ingingo ya 2 : Imibanire y’abaturage bari batuye mu cyahoze ari Komini ya Nyarugenge
mu gihe cy’ubutegetsi bwa Perezida Grégoire Kayibanda
o Ubutegetsi n’imibanire y’abaturage byari bimeze bite mu gihe cy’ubutegetsi bwa
Grégoire Kayibanda (1962-1973) ?
o
Abaturage bose bafatwaga kimwe no guhabwa amahirwe angana? Niba ari yego
cyangwa oya, sobanura.
o Haba hari ibikorwa by’ivangura n’itotezwa byakorerwaga Abatutsi mu gihe cy’ubutegetsi
bwa Kayibanda?
o Haba harabayeho ubwicanyi bwibasiye Abatutsi mu gace mwari mutuyemo mu gihe
cy’ubutegetsi bwa Kayibanda? Niba ari yego, ubwo bwicanyi bwabaye ryari? Bwatewe
n’iki? Ni bande bari ku isonga? Ababigizemo uruhare ni bande? Ni izihe ntwaro
zakoreshejwe?
Ingingo ya 3: Imibereho y’Abatutsi mu gihe cy’ubutegetsi bwa Perezida Juvénal
Habyarimana mbere ya 1990
ii
o Mu gihe cy’ubutegetsi bwa Perezida Juvénal Habyarimana mbere ya 1990, imibanire
y’abaturage yari imeze ite? Abaturage bose bafatwaga kimwe?
o Haba hari ibikorwa by’ivangura, itotezwa no guhezwa byakorerwaga Abatutsi mbere ya
1990? Niba ari yego byakorwaga bite?
o Ese hari icyo uzi cyangwa wumvise kuri politiki y’iringaniza? Niba ari yego, iyo politiki
yari imeze ite? (mu kazi, mu mashuri, mu gisirikare n’ibindi).
Ingingo ya 4: Ibikorwa by’ivangura, urugomo n’ubwicanyi hagati ya 1990 kugera 1993
o Nyuma y’igitero cya RPF- Inkotanyi cyo kubohora igihugu mu Kwakira 1990, byagenze
gute mu gace mwari mutuyemo?
o Hari ibikorwa byo gutesha agaciro, iby’urugomo, ubwicanyi byabereye mu karere mwari
mutuyemo hagati ya 1990 na 1993? Niba ari yego, Ibyo bikorwa byabereye he? ryari?
Byibasiraga bande? Ni bande babigizemo uruhare?
o
Haba hari abayobozi mu butegetsi bwite bwa Leta, abakuru b’amashyaka, abashinzwe
umutekano wibuka bari ku isonga y’ibyo bikorwa?
o Ni ubuhe buryo bwakoreshwaga n’abayobozi (aba gisivile n’abashinzwe umutekano) mu
gushishikariza abaturage urwango n’ubwicanyi bwakorerwaga Abatutsi?
o Ni iki bizezaga abaturage baramutse bakoze ibyo babasabaga? Haba hari abo muzi
babihawe?
o Uretse ubwicanyi, haba harabaye guhunga ku batotezwaga muri aka karere mbere ya
1994? Niba byarabaye bahungiye he? Babifashwagamo na bande?
o Haba hari uruhare amashyaka ya politiki, imitwe yitwara gisirikare, abayobozi ba gisiviri,
abashinzwe umutekano n’abarezi bagize mu bwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi hagati ya
1990 na 1994?
Ingingo ya 5: Uburyo bwakoreshejwe mu gutegura Jenoside
iii
o Haba hari inama zakoreshejwe zikangurira Abahutu kwanga no kwica Abatutsi? Niba ari
yego, zakoreshejwe na ba nde, ryari kandi hehe?
o Haba hari ubundi buryo bwakoreshejwe mu gushishikariza Abahutu kwanga no kwica
Abatutsi? Niba ari yego ni ubuhe?
o Haba hari ibiganiro mbwirwaruhame n’inama (meeting) wibuka byabaye muri aka gace
mwari mutuyemo hagati ya 1990-1994 bishishikariza Abahutu kwanga no kwica
Abatutsi? Niba ari yego, ibyo biganiro byabaye ryari? Byabereye hehe? Byayobowe na
bande? Ni ubuhe butumwa bwavugiwe muri ibyo biganiro?
o Nyuma y’ibyo biganiro imyitwarire y’abaturage yagenze ite?
o Mu gace mwari mutuyemo, haba harabayeho gutoza imitwe yitwara gisirikare? Niba ari
yego, ni iyihe? Batorejwe he? Batozwaga na bande? Byatangiye ryari?
o Mu gace mwari mutuyemo, haba harabayeho gutanga imbunda, gerenade cyangwa
intwaro gakondo mu baturage? Niba ari yego, ni bande bazitangaga, zahabwaga bande,
zatanzwe guhera ryari ?
Ingingo ya 6 : Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari
Komini ya Nyarugenge
o Mbere y’ihanurwa ry’indege ya Perezida Habyarimana, umutekano w’abaturage muri
rusange wari umeze ute muri karere mwari mutuyemo ? Umutekano w’Abatutsi bari
batuye muri aka gace wari umeze ute ? Nyuma y’ihanurwa ry’indege, byagenze gute ?
o Ni ayahe matariki y’ingenzi wibuka Jenoside yaba yaratangiriyeho n’aho yatangiriye
mbere y’uko ikwirakwizwa mu gace mwari mutuyemo ?
o Ni abahe bantu bari ku isonga mu gukangurira abaturage kwitabira ibikorwa bya Jenoside
muri aka karere ?
o Ni ibihe bikoresho byakoreshejwe muri Jenoside muri aka karere mutuyemo ? Ibyo
bikoresho byavuye he? Byakoreshejwe na bande (imitwe yitwara gisirikare, abaturage
basanzwe…)?
iv
o Ni ubuhe buryo bwakoreshejwe kugira ngo byorohere abicanyi kugera ku bo bashaka
kwica?
o Haba harabayeho kugerageza kwirwanaho kw’abicwaga mbere y’uko bicwa? Niba ari
yego cyangwa oya, Sobanura.
o Ni hehe wibuka hiciwe abantu benshi mu karere mwari mutuyemo? Abamaze kwicwa
bashyirwaga hehe?
o Haba harabayeho ibikorwa by’iyicarubozo byakorerwaga Abatutsi bicwaga mu gihe cya
Jenoside? Niba ari yego, ni ibihe? Ni bande wibuka babikoze? Abo wibuka babikorewe
ni bande?
o Haba harabayeho gusibanganya ibimenyetso bya Jenoside mu gihe yashyirwaga mu
bikorwa na nyuma yaho? Niba ari yego, byakorwaga bite? Ni bande babigizemo uruhare?
Ingingo ya 7: Urutonde rw’abagize uruhare mu itegurwa n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya
Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi
o Watubwira amazina y’abagize uruhare mu itegurwa n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya
Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu gace mwari mutuyemo?
Ingingo ya 8: Urutonde rw’abazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi
o Watubwira amazina y’abazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu gace mwari
mutuyemo?
Ingingo ya 9: Ingaruka za Jenoside
o Ni izihe ngaruka za Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi zikigaragara mu gace mutuyemo?
Ingingo ya 10: Imibanire y’abatuye Akarere ka Nyarugenge nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe
Abatutsi
o Nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, ubona abaturage babanye bate?
o Ese haba hari ibikorwa byo kwishishanya n’urwicyekwe bigaragara hagati
y’abaturage mu gace mutuyemo? Niba ari yego, Ni ibihe? Ubona byaba biterwa
n’iki?
